Neurology neurophysiology

Genetics is a branch of the human biology which provides insights about basic and vital processes which arises from birth till death, development to Apoptosis (cell death), and in disease aetiology and therapies or better methods in use of available treatments to solve human health conditions because gene functions in all biological process. Epilepsy is a seizure that occurs without identifiable justification with a great chance of further seizures which is almost the same to the global recurrence risk of 60% after two unjustified seizures, happening over a ten years’ span. Fifty million people globally present with epilepsy ranging from about 20 to 70 cases per 100,000 in a year and Over 85% of the epilepsy cases are present in underdeveloped and even developing countries with low or middle income. Two out of three of all epilepsy occurrences are genetic, with one percent familial and ninety-nine percent sporadic. A total of about Seventy-six genes has been associated with epilepsy...

Studies using standardized diagnostic interviews report particularly high comorbidity rates in children and adolescents with schizophrenia. However, the volume of symptoms other than those required to make the diagnosis of schizophrenia remains the subject of controversy. The question is to consider these symptoms as an additional diagnosis, or as associated characteristics. Be that as it may, the frequency of these symptoms highlights the problems of differential diagnosis encountered in early-onset schizophrenia, particularly during the initial phase of the disorder.

Background: Stroke as the most common cause of disability and the second common cause of death, has deleterious socio-economic impacts on the healthcare systems and societies worldwide. So we aimed to investigate stroke outcomes of Iranian patients in terms of human and hospital costs. Methods: In this study, patients admitted to Rasoul-e-Akram hospital, diagnosed with ischemic stroke were included. One month to 2 years telephone follow-up were applied. Cox proportional hazards regression analyses and Kaplan-Meier analysis were assigned for mortality and survival analyses, respectively. Economic predictors and cost-effectiveness of hospital cares were analyzed by T-test and Leven’s test. Results: Among 134 patients, in-hospital and long-term mortality rates were 7.46% and 4.03%, respectively and 985.5% of the patients survived for one month and 96.3% survived for 2 years. Mortality increased with age and initial pulse rate. The average of health-care system costs was estimated at 61...

Considering demyelination is the pathological hallmark of multiple sclerosis (MS), reducing demyelination and/or promoting remyelination is a practical therapeutic strategy to improve functional recovery for MS. An apolipoprotein E (apoE)-mimetic peptide COG112 has previously demonstrated therapeutic efficacy on functional and histological recovery in a mouse experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model of human MS. In the current study, we further investigated whether COG112 promotes remyelination and improves functional recovery in lysolecithin induced focal demyelination in the white matter of spinal cord in mice. A focal demyelination model was created by stereotaxically injecting lysolecithin into the bilateral ventrolateral funiculus (VLF) of T8 and T9 mouse spinal cords. Immediately after lysolecithin injection mice were treated with COG112, prefix peptide control or vehicle control for 21 days. The locomotor function of the mice was measured by the beam walking test...

Introduction: A variety of tests have been devised for the diagnosis of myasthenia gravis (MG). The best known of these (Tensilon test, using intravenous edrophonium chloride) may cause serious complications (bradycardia and syncope) dictating cardiac monitoring during the procedure. Ocular neostigmine drops, a simple procedure, may significantly reduce the risk of diagnostic testing for possible MG. Method: To investigate its efficacy, the miotic effect of neostigmine was explored using 30 rabbits. One drop of sterile neostigmine solution (2.5 mg/ml) was instilled into the right eye (RE) of each rabbit using the left eye (LE), which received sterile normal saline, as control. Serial assessments of pupillary size were done. One drop of neostimine was instilled daily for 7 days to investigate its safety. Six patients (aged 4.5–55y, median=42y, mean=36.4y) with MG had the same test and were observed for increase of the palpebral fissure height (documented by photography). Results: At ...

To determine the relationships between hopelessness, depression, quality of life, and disease progression in ALS. Hopelessness and depression were assessed prospectively in a cohort of people with ALS using the Beck Hopelessness scale (BHS) and the ALS Depression Inventory (ADI-12), respectively. ALS Specific Quality of Life and measures of functional status (ALSFRS-R and forced vital capacity) were collected. Associations between changes in psychological health and functional scores were calculated using Spearman correlation coefficients. Twenty-five people with ALS had at least 2 visits and were followed for a mean of 11 (± 6) months. People with hopelessness and depression reported worse quality of life (p<0.01 for both associations). Decline in function between any two visits measured by ALSFRS-R (p<0.01) and FVC (p=0.02) correlated with increased hopelessness, but not depression. This study highlights the importance of monitoring hopelessness in ALS, particularly in patie...

A controversy within the neurological sciences concerns the presence of olfactory dysfunction in multiple sclerosis (MS) [1,2], the most common chronic disabling neurological disease in young adults, with particular reference to the female population [3]. Whereas some investigators reported that a decrease in odour perception can be one of the symptoms experienced by MS patients [4-10], others have failed to demonstrate any olfactory alterations in MS at all [11-13].