Micro CHP

(english abstract below)
Η ΣΗΘ (Συμπαραγωγή Ηλεκτρισμού και Θερμότητας) και πιο συγκεκριμένα η μικρού μεγέθους ΣΗΘ είναι σχετικά άγνωστο θέμα στο ευρύ κοινό, ειδικά στην Ελλάδα. Παρότι τώρα είναι πολύ λίγες οι εγκατεστημένες μονάδες στην Ελλάδα υπάρχουν αρκετές προοπτικές μελλοντικών εφαρμογών στα πλαίσια του νέου ενεργειακού μοντέλου: οικιακές ΣΗΘ σε μονοκατοικίες ή πολυκατοικίες κι επίσης μικρο-ΣΗΘ σε μεγαλύτερα κτιριακά συγκροτήματα, σε τουριστικές κι αγροτουριστικές μονάδες, σε ξενοδοχεία, νοσοκομεία, κάμπινγκ πολυτελείας (glamping), θερμοκήπια, κλπ.
Έτσι κρίθηκε ότι έχει ενδιαφέρον και χρησιμότητα η παρούσα καταγραφή (μικρο-ΣΗΘ, 0.7 ως 25 KW). Ακολούθως παρουσιάζονται λοιπόν τα γενικά χαρακτηριστικά των μικρών μονάδων ΣΗΘ, οι κυριότερες τεχνολογίες καθώς και οι αντίστοιχοι κατασκευαστές. Μέσα από αυτήν την έρευνα αγοράς τεκμηριώνεται η (ευκταία) επιλογή μικρο-ΣΗΘ για την, υπό μελέτη, αγροτουριστική μονάδα κάμπινγκ πολυτελείας (glamping) της Πολυρρήνιας Χανίων.  Τέλος παρατίθεται μεγάλος αριθμός σχετικών πηγών, συνδέσμων κλπ που μπορούν να χρησιμοποιηθούν ως βάση για λεπτομερέστερη μελέτη και περαιτέρω καταγραφές επί των αναφερόμενων θεμάτων.

Abstract: CHP (Combined Heat and Power) and particularly micro CHP is a relatively unknown issue for the general public, especially in Greece. Although the number of units installed up to now in Greece is very small there are several prospects for future applications in the coming era of energy transition: house CHP (in single-family house or apartment buildings) as well as in larger building complexes, in hospitals, various tourist units, hotels, glamping units, greenhouses etc. So the usefulness of the undertaken survey is clear: worldwide market research for micro CHP, in the range of O,7KW to 25KW. Μain technologies of micro CHP units in this range, general characteristics as well as the respective manufacturers are presented below. Through this worldwide market research, the (desirable) micro-CHP selection for an agri-glamping unit-that is under research-in the area of Polyrrinia Crete is being documented. A large number of relevant info sources, links, etc. is provided and can be used as a basis for further research and recordings.

This paper presents the experimental results of a test-bed developed to analyze a 100 kW cogeneration micro gas turbine (MGT). Its main feature, flexibility, allows MGT testing in nearly all the conditions that final use may entail, in particular simulation of operating conditions and thermal loads in broadly different electrical power, flow rate and temperature conditions of the cogeneration circuit. The

In this paper, a robust scheduling model is proposed for combined heat and power (CHP)-based microgrids using information gap decision theory (IGDT). The microgrid under study consists of conventional power generation as well as boiler units, fuel cells, CHPs, wind turbines, solar PVs, heat storage units, and battery energy storage systems (BESS) as the set of distributed energy resources (DERs). Additionally, a demand response program (DRP) model is considered which has a successful performance in the microgrid hourly scheduling. One of the goals of CHP-based microgrid scheduling is to provide both thermal and electrical energy demands of the consumers. Additionally, the other objective is to benefit from the revenues obtained by selling the surplus electricity to the main grid during the high energy price intervals or purchasing it from the grid when the price of electricity is low at the electric market. Hence, in this paper, a robust scheduling approach is developed with the aim...

Starting from PES (primary energy saving) and CSR (cost saving ratio) definitions the work pinpoints a " grey area " in which CHP (combined heat and power e cogeneration) units can operate with profit and negative PES. In this case, CHP can be profitably operated with lower efficiency with respect to separate production of electrical and thermal energy. The work defines the R-index as the ratio between the cost of fuel and electricity. The optimal value of R-index for which CHP units operate with both environmental benefit (PES > 0) and economic profitability (CSR > 0) is the reference value of electrical efficiency, h el_ref , of separate production (national power grid mix). As a consequence, optimal R-index varies from Country to Country. The work demonstrates that the value of R corresponds to the minimum value of electrical efficiency for which any power generator operates with profit. The paper demonstrates that, with regard to the profitability of cogeneration, the ratio between the cost of commodities is more important than their absolute value so that different taxation of each commodity can be a good leverage for energy policy makers to promote high efficiency cogeneration, even in the absence of an incentive mechanism. The final part of the study presents an analysis on micro-CHP technologies payback times for different European Countries.

This paper reviews the current status of microgeneration technologies at the domestic scale. Overviews are given for nine such technologies, grouped into three sections:(a) low carbon heating: condensing boilers, biomass boilers and room heaters, air source and ground source heat pumps;(b) renewables: solar photovoltaic panels, flat plate and evacuated tube solar thermal panels and micro-wind; and (c) combined heat and power: Stirling engines, internal combustion engines and fuel cells. Reviews of the construction, operation and ...