Medieval Markets and Fairs

During the Middle Ages, the royal administration controlled the creation of weekly markets and imposed a procedure resulting in the granting of permits that allowed lords to convene market in specific places on specific days. The study of permits allows us not only to observe the creation of a network of markets but also to grasp the economic motivations that led to such creations.

This paper is a preliminary exploration of the social and economic situation in medieval Penzance leading to an examination what we know about Alice de Lisle and her family particularly their involvement in rebellion against Edward II, and finally presents Penzance's first and original market charter of 1332.

A jelen kötet alapját képező vándorkiállítás ötlete 2014-ben merült fel a közreműködőkben. A Pápa város első fennmaradt említésének 800. évfordulójára rendezett konferencián az előző évek Fő téri ásatásainak eredményeit bemutató előadások hatására kezdett el érlelődni bennünk a feltárt leletanyag, annak is egy különleges szelete, a textilplombák szélesebb közönség előtti bemutatásának gondolata. A konferenciát követő ebéden meg is egyeztünk a részletekben az ásató régésszel, Mordovin Maximmal és a pápai múzeum igazgatójával, Nagy-L. Istvánnal. A kiállítás megnyitásáig azonban még sok feladat állt előttünk. A feltárás eredményeinek kiértékelése, az előkerült leletek, legalábbis a kiállításon bemutatott darabok meghatározása, leírása, partnerek és pénzügyi források felkutatása. A Magyar Nemzeti Levéltár Veszprém Megyei Levéltára és a pápai Gróf Esterházy Károly Múzeum mellett értékes szakmai és nem utolsó sorban anyagi támogatást nyújtott a Magyar Tudományos Akadémia Bölcsészettudományi Kutatóközpont Történettudományi Intézete, amelynek „Lendület” Középkori Magyar Gazdaságtörténeti Kutatócsoportja és annak
vezetője, Weisz Boglárka állt a kezdeményezésünk mellé.

This article deals with the word jamtamot (ON jamtamót), mentioned in sources from the Middle Ages and the Early Modern Period. It is shown that jamtamot was not a thing meeting, as has commonly been assumed, but instead a fair on the Island of Frösön in central Jämtland (in inland Mid-Scandinavia). It was held annually in late winter, lasted for a week (at least in the 14th-early 16th centuries), and started and ended with assemblies (the mótsthing and lyktarthing, respectively).

Before discussing customs dues proper, we should examine the meaning of the term kharàj when it is used in connection with the market of the Prophet in Medina. It will be argued that it did not mean customs but rent, and hence should be eliminated from the discussion of customs in early Islam. In a seminal though concise article which appeared twenty-five years ago, M. J. Kister drew attention to several reports that shed Hght on an important aspect of the clash between Muhammad and the Jews of Medina, namely the economic rivalry between them. ^ In ' EP, S.V. Maks; Becker, C. H., Papyri Schott-Reinhardt, I, Veroffentlichungen aus der Heidelberger Papyms-Sammlung, IE, Papyri Schott-Reinhardt, Heidelberg, 1906, 53-54, who argues that customs dues were introduced much later than the poll-tax and land-tax, hence the opposition to them among the pious. But the evidence on the levying of customs from the time of Muhammad onwards quoted later in this study seems to be overwhelming. The opposition of the pious merely meant that certain circles never considered it a legitimate tax (see also below, n. 98), although Muslims paid smaller rates than the Ahl al-Dhimma, not to mention the Ahl al-Harb, i.e., residents of foreign countries. ^ Valuable information about customs is included in the small book of Mïkhà'îl 'Awwád, aU Ma 'àsirfi bilâd al-rüm wa-l-'arab (Land and Sea Toll Barriers in Byzantine and Moslem Empires), Baghdad, 1948. The book is a revised version of a series of articles published by 'Awwàd in nine issues of the Muqtatafioumdl in 1944 and 1945. On the term ma'sir see EP, s.v. (Bosworth, C. E.). For a recent article on the same subject see Rex-Smith, G., «Have you anything to declare? Maritime trade and conctmerce in Ayyubid Aden: Practices and taxes», in

This book tells the history of Cambridge from the earliest Roman and Anglo Saxon inhabitants through to the notorious Cambridge Spies, who actively spied for the Soviet Union in the 1950s. Told in an accessible manner, and illustrated throughout, the contents are:
1. Etheldreda: Born a Princess, Died a Saint
2. Vanquished by the Vikings: the sacking of Cambridge
3. Fire, Death and Murder at the Fairs: Stourbridge and Midsummer Fairs
4. Jousting Tournaments: history of jousts at Cambridge
5. The Black Death: death in Cambridge
6. Peasants' Revolt: attacks on Cambridge colleges during the revolt
7. Bloody Mary's Revenge on Cambridge
8. Burnt at the Stake: John Hullier, the Protestant Martyr
9. Bear-Baiting: cruel sport in Cambridge
10. Witches and Witchcraft: women killed for being witches
11. Bull-Baiting: more cruel Cambridge sports
12. The English Civil War: the fortification of Cambridge
13. Oliver Cromwell's Missing Head
14. Pressed for an Answer: Peine Forte et Dure
15. One in the Eye for Sir Isaac Newton
16. Highway Robbery: highway men in Cambridge
17. Branding: punishment for crimes
18. Bloody Burwell Fire: the death of 70 innocent people
19. Dick Turpin: his time hiding in Cambridge
20. Cockfighting: history of cockfighting at Cambridge
21. The Resurrection of Tristram Shandy - death of Laurence Stearne: grave robbers steal his body for dissection in the university
22. Cambridge Gallows: the tragedy of those hung at Cambridge
23. The Tragical Death of the Revd Samuel Reeve
24. The Chimneysweep Burglars: thefts from colleges
25. Elizabeth Woodcock and the Curse of the Three Tuns Inn
26. General Tom Thumb Causes a Riot
27. Sister Act: The Cambridge Arsenic Poisoners
28. The Three Tuns Inn: Den of Thieves
29. Burned Alive
30. Bloody Students: The Battle of Town and Gown
31. Fatal Bumps: death on the river Cam
32. Suffragette's Protest
33. The Great War: the role the university played in WWI
34. The Judases Who Betrayed from Within: the story of the Cambridge spies: Blunt, Burgess, Philby, MacLean, and others
35. The Enigma of the Second World War: the role Cambridge played in cracking the German enigma codes at Bletchley Park

Also attached are reviews of the book in the Cambridge News by Emma Higginbotham and a piece about Oliver Cromwell's Head, taken from the book.

Las tierras del sur del antiguo Reino de Valencia, la Gobernación de Orihuela, conocieron una notable actividad comercial durante la Baja Edad Media. El armazón institucional; privilegios, franquicias, ferias, mercados y el carácter marítimo de este territorio propiciaron la comercialización de diferentes productos, especialmente los provenientes del agro. En fin, un mercado de carácter regional que también se insertó en los circuitos comerciales del Mediterráneo Occidental al hilo del crecimiento de la capital regnícola y la expansión comercial de la Corona de Aragón.

Il XV secolo si dimostra per Orvieto, già tra i più potenti comuni dell’Italia centrale, un momento di transizione cruciale, perché proprio nel corso del Quattrocento si ebbe il ritorno della città sotto il papato e il suo inserimento, questa volta definitivo, nello Stato della Chiesa. Tale processo non fu né lineare né privo di contrasti: scopo principale dell’opera è proprio quello di capire i tempi, i modi e i risultati effettivamente raggiunti dal rafforzamento del potere pontificio sul comune. In questo contesto generale Orvieto, grazie all’amplissima documentazione disponibile, viene studiata sotto diversi aspetti istituzionali, economici e sociali, ponendo in rilievo episodi e avvenimenti appena accennati dalla storiografia precedente o del tutto inediti, quali la rivolta del 1430, la fine del predominio delle fazioni, la ricostruzione della rocca pontificia, la visita di un papa (Pio II), l’istituzione del Monte di Pietà nel 1463. Ne emerge il quadro di una città che si può dire sia sospesa, ancora alla fine del Quattrocento, tra il realismo della sua attuale situazione e il richiamo alla passata grandezza.

If, according to the so-called new philosophy, heritage is understood as
the presence of the past in the present, the eponymous Jagiellonian Fairs
may be seen as a peculiar kind of manifestation of the annual medieval
fairs brought into existence mainly by the King of Poland and Lithuania,
Władysław II. These had the aim of facilitating free trade and the opening
up of functioning trade routes in the areas of the exceptionally vast
kingdom which resulted, along with complex anchoring points, enabling
not only the flow of goods but also of news and ideas from around the
world, thereby creating, as we would say today, an intercultural creative
space for communication, exchange and coexistence. At the outset, it
is worth clearly emphasizing that cultivating the past forms of fairs in the perspective displayed here, namely new thinking on the subject of heritage generally along with the creative inspiration of Jagiellonian
heritage itself, is not about the passive reconstruction of the past in every respect, lovingly maintained and guarded values and ideas of long ago, but sometimes empty, insignificant artefacts and passing them
on, analogous with museum exhibits/objects, in a pristine condition to
the next generation. In the case of ‘new’, that is critical (reflexive) attitudes to heritage, one thing is for certain regarding their contemporary use and regarding their actual, that is, their active use by a given generation in times considered current to it.

Ely, Cambridgeshire, is known to tourists as an incredible city steeped in myth and legend and dominated by the Norman Cathedral, a masterpiece of medieval architecture. There have been many popular books written about the Isle, but in 'Ely: A Hidden History' the approach is to look at the longue duree of life on the isle focusing on continuity and change in cultural practices.  The work combines the latest archaeological discoveries to tell the story of the settlement of the Isle from its earliest beginnings through to the seventeenth century. With vivid illustrations, the authors trace the origins of life in Ely, and bring the most recent archaeological excavations alive.

Topics covered include: the geological origins of the Isle of Ely, the first prehistoric settlement, including important archaeological sites at Haddenham, Wilburton and Barway. The foundation of the monastic centre by St Etheldreda, and the archaeological evidence for the Anglo Saxon foundations of the city, together with current thoughts on the site of St Etheldreda's first settlement. The story of Hereward the Wake, and his resistance against the Norman invaders. The Norman foundation of the cathedral and castle.

Key features of the book are discussion and synthesis of the latest research on the nationally important later Bronze Age hoard from Wilburton, and the Iron Age bog body from Soham, which highlight the importance of the Isle of Ely to British archaeology. The findings from Channel 4’s Time Team excavation of the medieval Broad Street are included, with illustrations, as are the stories of Hereward the Wake. Richly illustrated and extensively researched, this is a fascinating look at the early history of an amazing city.

Comme le soulignait fort justement Jacques Le Goff : « […], les exempla fournissent ‘involontairement’ des informations qui ne relèvent pas de la finalité à laquelle ils étaient destinés ». Les récits exemplaires mettent en effet souvent en scène des situations contemporaines, ne serait-ce que pour mieux attirer l'attention de l'auditeur. Et dans ce cas, sans être un reflet des structures de la société et du comportement quotidien des différentes catégories socioprofessionnelles, les exempla n'en sont pas moins chargés d'évocations réalistes susceptibles d'intéresser l'historien. En sont donnés ici de nombreux exemples. Encore faut-il exercer sur ces récits un strict contrôle. Instrument de gestion et de contrôle, source d’information, l’exemplum est une source précieuse dans l’histoire de la consommation médiévale, qui ne se réduit ni à l’étude du commerce, ni à celui des seules « mentalités ».

Multa que se dividía en tres partes, en referencia sobre todo a las penas que se imponían por cometer fraudes en el mercado, un tercio de las cuales se destinaba al salario de algún oficial local.
Coordinadores del Glosario. Denis Menjot (CIHAM, Université Lumière-Lyon 2) y Pere Verdés Pijuan (IMF-CSIC). Web: http://www.1minut.info/glosariofiscalidad.org/wp/?page_id=41

Orsanmichele - The Florentine Grain Market: Trade and Worship in the Later Middle Ages, M D Ito (2014); Introduction and Overview.
Copyright M. D. Ito, 2007-2014. Library of Congress, US Copyright Office Certificate of Registration Number TX-6-766-999, April 2014. All Rights Reserved.

Castilian merchants have not been a popular subject within Spanish historiography. In recent years some scholars have emphasized their importance in the global trade during the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. Thanks to the most recent publications regarding their activities, we can draw a clear picture of their businesses within the first process of globalization, focusing on the art markets during those times.

Los mercaderes castellanos no han gozado de mucha popularidad en la historiografía española. En los últimos años algunos autores han resaltado su importancia en el comercio global de los si- glos xv y xvi. Según las últimas aportaciones referidas a sus actividades podemos trazar una imagen clara de sus negocios dentro de la primera globalización, centrándonos en el mercado de arte.

Orsanmichele - The Florentine Grain Market: Trade and Worship in the Later Middle Ages (2014), by M. D. Ito
Chapter 2 - Seeds of Communal Liberty - The Emergence of a Neighborhood, Court System, and Church of San Michele in Orto:  The Building of a Communal Government during the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries.
Copyright M. D. Ito, 2007-2014. Library of Congress, US Copyright Office Certificate of Registration Number TX-6-766-999, April 2014. All Rights Reserved.

This paper investigates the development of the English commercial landscape of markets, boroughs, and fairs from the late eleventh to the early thirteenth centuries, and sets it against the background of networks of travel and communications that supported it. The great economic and social transformations during this period are well known: among the more notable are the growth of the English population by half,1 the increase in the number of coins in circulation from an estimated average of six million to sixty million silver pennies or more,2 and the foundation of a multitude of new towns across the realm.3 The question here considered is how did such changes map on the regional and national level. When we look at the increasing numbers of new commercial sites as indicators of economic development, which parts of England saw the most change and which the least? Given that commerce is intimately tied to exchange and movement, can we see local market activity in specific regions connecting to wider patterns in the national economy.

Il commercio ha rappresentato costantemente, per un ducato di frontiera, quale quello di Aosta, una risorsa di primaria importanza. Precocemente, e sotto la protezione prima comitale, poi ducale, Aosta beneficia di esenzioni, specificità e autonomie non di scarsa rilevanza. Si definisce di conseguenza una sorta di "geografia del commercio" all'interno e all'immediato esterno delle mura cittadine (ancora e sempre quelle romane) che risponde a logiche stringenti di natura locale come internazionale.

(deutsche Fassung siehe unten)
Cet article aborde l’étude des lettres d’invitation aux concours de tir (Schützenbriefe) au XVesiècle. L’étude d’un corpus de plus de deux cents lettres conservées permet de comprendre la stratégie de communication entreprise pour situer la ville organisatrice dans la compétition symbolique et également économique que se livrent les villes du sud du Saint-Empire. Tout en transmettant un message prônant l’amitié mutuelle, nécessaire pour assurer le succès de la compétition sportive, les organisateurs font de leur lettre une véritable arme communicative, particulièrement dans le dernier quart du siècle. En annonçant un prix prestigieux, en choisissant d’imprimer leurs lettres, de les envoyer plusieurs mois à l’avance et d’organiser en parallèle des loteries, des villes comme Nördlingen ou Nuremberg cherchent ainsi à se placer dans la continuité des concours accueillis par leurs homologues, et à distancer les villes moins bien placées dans cette hiérarchie symbolique.

Vorliegender Artikel widmet sich der Analyse von sogenannten Schützenbriefen, Einladungsschreiben zu Schützenfesten im 15. Jahrhundert. Das Studium eines Quellencorpus, das mehr als 200 erhaltene Schützenbriefe umfasst, gewährt Einblick in Kommunikationsstrategien, durch die sich die organisierende Stadt im symbolischen, aber auch wirtschaftlichen Kräftemessen der Städte im Süden des Heiligen Römischen Reiches positionierte. Zwar versichert man sich in den Schützenbriefen der gegenseitigen, unverbrüchlichen Freundschaft – um so notwendiger, als sie der Garant für ein Gelingen des sportlichen Wettstreits ist –, doch darüber hinaus lassen die Organisatoren ihre Briefe zu veritablen kommunikativen Waffen werden. Dies gilt insbesondere für das letzte Viertel des Jahrhunderts. Man kündigte einen prestigeträchtigen Preis an, druckte die Schützenbriefe, versandte sie mit mehreren Monaten Vorlauf und organisierte gleichzeitig Lotterien: Städte wie Nördlingen oder Nürnberg versuchten damit, sich innerhalb einer Kontinuität von Wettbewerben, wie sie andere vergleichbare Städte im Reich seit längerem praktizierten, zu verorten und sich von denjenigen Städten abzugrenzen, deren Platz innerhalb dieser symbolischen Hierarchie weniger prominent war.

The paper analyzes the fair privilege issued by the Aquileian patriarch Bertrand de Saint-Geniès to the commune of Buzet. It is argued that the charter had several mutually complimentary purposes that come to light only when contextualized within Bertrand’s overall political program. By comparing the document with similar market privileges issued by the patriarch throughout his turbulent reign, the author argues that the charter to Buzet had both economic and political implications. On the one hand, the privilege forms a part of the series of charters designed to bolster the volume of trade and the income from highway tolls throughout the Patriarchate, while at the same time fostering symbiotic ties between the central government and the subject community receiving the grant. Finally, the paper discusses the administrative structure of the Margraviate of Istria as revealed in the privilege and argues that Istrian possessions were not on the same constitutional level as Friulian ones within the jurisdictional framework of this ecclesiastical principality. The article concludes with a critical edition of the charter and its translation into modern English.

Jews, perpetrators of sacrilege and ducal peace. On the institution of ruler’s protection in Piast Poland.
The article is an attempt to contextualize an institution of Piast rule, in the oldest Polish customary law called “lordly peace” or “the lord’s hand,” and in charters referred to as “the duke’s protection.” It is proposed that the description of Duke Mieszko III’s first Cracow reign included into Chronica Polonorum by Master Vincentius at the turn of 13th century should be considered an important evidence of the ducal peace in Poland. It clearly alludes to the concept of peace as a tool for preventing violence towards those enjoying ruler’s protection. Having analyzed the chronicled examples of punishing the offenders of Jews and other foreigners along with the information about punishing in exactly the same way those committing sacrilege, the author points to analogies between the Piast peace and Western institutions of king’s peace, mundeburdium regis or cyninges handgrið for instance. The inquiry clearly proves conceptual closeness between ducal peace and those phenomena manifesting in connection with the public sphere or monarch’s domain, and most evidently in the involvement of ruler’s officials as well as bishops in maintaining peaces/protections. The observed analogies allow one to conclude that ducal peace in Poland, at least at some stage, was influenced by Western patterns of royal power and justice. This in turn led the author to question the notion favoured in modern historiography, that ducal peace (or mir) as a whole was a relic of the so-called tribal organization.

Náměstí byla a jsou centrem městského života, obchod nevyjímaje. Dnes se na ně postupně vrací. Trhy (jarmarky) představovaly pro každé město významnou událost. Probíhaly v termínech stanovených a potvrzených vrchností, aby si blízká města zbytečně nekonkurovala. Sjeli se na ně zájemci z širokého okolí. Prodejci byli řemeslníci sdružení v ceších. Cechy však chtěly i tyto aktivity svých členů kontrolovat. Příspěvek ukáže, jakým způsobem cechy regulovaly výrobu mistrů (omezováním počtu strojů, zaměstnanců, vyrobených produktů) a jak dohlížely na kvalitu a prodej samotného zboží během trhů, a to jak domácích tak příchozích řemeslníků.

Aquest article es proposa analitzar la problemàtica política i social en l'existència, ús i aprofitament de salines en el sud del regne de València, un ús molt dens des de les primeres dècades del segle XIV, però de l'explotació del qual tenim grans mancances informatives i absències historiogràfiques. Així mateix s'examinaran els seus sistemes d'explotació des del punt de vista de recursos naturals i productius, els espais de treball on es va generar un mercat laboral; la incentivació política per les explotacions salineres, motor d'aprofitament de tal recurs natural, i les diferents fases de producció i explotació de la sal, sempre en relació a la seua importància en el consum, mercat rural i urbà i sobretot la seua penetració en els mercats mediterranis. | Este artículo se propone analizar la problemática política y social en la existencia, uso y aprovechamiento de salinas en el sur del reino de Valencia, un uso muy denso desde las primeras décadas del siglo XIV, pero de cuya explotación tenemos grandes carencias informativas y ausencias historiográficas. Asimismo se examinará los sistemas de explotación de las mismas desde el punto de vista de recursos naturales y productivos, los espacios de trabajo donde se generó un mercado laboral; la incentivación política por las explotaciones salineras, motor de aprovechamiento de tal recurso natural y las distintas fases de producción y explotación de la sal, siempre en relación a su importancia en el consumo, mercado rural y urbano y sobre todo su penetración en los mercados mediterráneos. | This paper aims to analyze the political and social problems in the existence, use and exploitation of salt flats in the south of the kingdom of València, a very dense use since the first decades of the fourteenth century, but whose exploitation we have large informational deficiencies and historiographic absences. It will also examine the systems of exploitation of them from the point of view of natural and productive resources, the work spaces where a labor market was generated; the political incentive for the salt farms, engine for the use of such natural resource and the different phases of production and exploitation of salt, always in relation to its importance in consumption, rural and urban market and especially its penetration in the Mediterranean markets.

In 1209, a dispute over a manor opposed the Abbey of Saint-Amand de Rouen and the Priory of Bonne-Nouvelle. In a bid to resolve this, the two parties reached an agreement by which the Abbey gave up its rights to the manor and traded them for an annual allowance of grain. Reproduced in the form of a handwritten contract with indisputable corroborating marks, the establishment of an allowance, which is representative of 13th Century contracts at the diplomatic level, seems less conventional when one considers the clauses specifying how the annual payment is to be made. It implicitly highlights practices and a knowledge of the rules of the market, upon which, at the same time, scholarly thinkers rely for proposing a moral assessment of the economy, which will define the framework of economic practice until the end of the Middle Ages.

En mayo de 1297 el abad de San Victorián creó una villa de nueva planta para doscientas familias en el valle de Bardají, un término que acababa de incorporarse a su dominio. En el artículo se publica este texto inédito y se analizan las repercusiones que aquel acto tuvo sobre la economía, la sociedad y la organización territorial de esta zona de Ribagorza.

Článek se týká tří předmětů z barevného kovu, nalezených na Starém Brně: fragmentu kroužku, drobné trojúhelné misky vah se třemi otvory a fragmentu třmínku vah s jazýčkem. Nálezy vah jsou v českých zemích poměrně vzácné, tento má navíc bezpečné nálezové okolnosti: byl získán v suterénu zaniklé dřevohliněné stavby při plošně vedeném záchranném výzkumu. Kromě zhodnocení nálezové situace a porovnání jednot-livých komponent vah s českými i evropskými nálezy byla provedena i materiálová analýza, která ukazuje na druhotnou sestavu. skládací vážky – Brno – vrcholný středověk – materiálová analýza Balance scale from Polní Street in Staré Brno. The article concerns three objects made of non-ferrous metal discovered in the Staré Brno quarter of Brno: a fragment of a ring, small, triangular balance scale pans with three holes and a fragment of a balance bar with a small pointer. Balance scale finds are relatively rare in the Czech Lands; moreover, the Staré Brno balance scale is accompanied by safe archaeological context. It was retrieved from the cellar fill of a defunct wood-and-earth building during rescue excavations. In addition to an evaluation of the find situation and a comparison of the individual balance components with Czech and European finds, a material analysis was performed; this pointed to a secondary assembly of the discovered assemblage. balance scale – Brno – High Middle Ages – material analysis Nálezové okolnosti Při plošném výzkumu stavební jámy nově budovaného pavilonu akutní medicíny v prostoru Ne-mocnice Milosrdných bratří na Starém Brně (dnes k. ú. Štýřice) byla v závěru r. 2002 v jihových. části stavební jámy prozkoumána zahloubená část dřevohliněné stavby. S výjimkou malé části ram-povité vstupní šíje o šířce 1,16 m se i přes recentní narušení zachoval celý půdorys suterénu o roz-měrech ca 4,7 x 6,1 m a dochované hloubce ca 1,5 m. V místech nálezu ale nebyl dochován půdní horizont; původní povrch, z nějž byl výkop pro suterén hlouben, tedy ležel výše. Výsledný tvar za-hloubeného prostoru byl evidentně poznamenán erozí stěn, zvláště v sev. a vých. části. Suterén měl zhutněný jílovitý podlahový nášlap (s.j. 235), silně promísený nestrukturovanými zbytky organické hmoty. Nelze vyloučit, že šlo snad i o záměrnou podlahovou úpravu, původně tvořenou organickou hmotou (sláma?, piliny?). Ve dně a částečně i vně suterénu byla registrována soustava sloupových jamek, souvisejících s konstrukcí stěn a nadzemní části, a změť drobných otis-ků kolíků, patrně po nějakém vnitřním vybavení (obr. 2; 3). Stěny suterénu nevykazovaly stopy požáru ani spálené výdřevy a v zásypu se podařilo vysledo-vat jen ojedinělé rozplavené bloky vypálené hlíny a nahodilou příměs uhlíků či lokálně omezených drobků popela. To spolu s jednorázovým charakterem zásypu, v němž se nepodařilo určit žádné zvrst-vení a jenž byl spíše odpadního charakteru, svědčí, že stavba nezanikla požárem, ale byla patrně sne-sena. Nemáme náznaky, že by na stejném půdorysu byla nahrazena zděnou architekturou. Ze zásypu byly vyzvednuty pouze čtyři zlomky blíže neurčitelné stavební keramiky, nahodilé kameny a bloky představovaly místní horninu slepenec a pískovec Old-Red, příp. horniny, z nichž se skládají svratec-ké štěrky. Nebyly nalezeny žádné stopy malty, pouze dva zlomky pískovce Old-Red či granodioritu, jež byly přepálené. Příměs potenciálního stavebního materiálu v zásypu stavby lze tedy považovat za náhodnou a nejspíše připadá v úvahu interpretace, že stavba byla dřevěná, nebo alespoň převážně dřevěná, s krytinou z organické hmoty. Vyzvednutý soubor keramiky z podlahové úpravy je tvořen převážně většími, nerozšlapanými fragmenty o velikosti nad 9 cm 2 , v některých případech i nad 36 cm 2 (Procházka – Peška 2007, 268). Některé zlomky se podařilo slepit, což navozuje otázku, zda se do podlahové úpravy keramické zlom