Media and cultural practices

본 연구는 내용중심적인 측면이나 매체중심적인 논의에서 벗어나, 공동체미디어 실천의 존재론적인 조건인 구체적인/물리적인 삶의 공간 속에 공동체미디어 실천을 포지셔닝 하고, 장기간의 참여관찰과 심층인터뷰를 중심으로 한 현장연구를 통해 공동체미디어 실천을 공동체의 형성이라는 관점에서 다각적으로 고찰해 보고자 시도하였다. 연구 결과, 참여자들은 공동체미디어 실천을 계기로 또는 공동체미디어 실천 과정을 경유하면서 공동체적 감수성을 환기하게 되는 정서적 변화를 경험하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 연구과정에서 공동체미디어 실천의 범주를 확장시켜 다각도에서 살펴볼 필요가 있음을 파악하게 되었고, 공동체적 삶을 엮어내는 플랫폼으로서 공동체미디어의 가능성/잠재성도 발견할 수 있었다.
공동체미디어 실천은 추상적인 인식 차원으로서의 공동체가 아니라 구체적인 삶의 공간으로서 의 공동체와 맞닿아 있다. 즉 공동체미디어의 정체성은 공동체와 공동체미디어의 관계 속에서 참여자들이 만들어내는 생성적 커뮤니케이션 과정의 잠정적 산물이다. 본 논문은 공동체미디어 ‘창신동라디오 <덤>’의 사례를 통해, 공동체미디어 실천 현장의 다이나믹을 포착하여 공동체미디어가 가진 다양한 정체성과 다채로운 스펙트럼을 조망하려는 시도를 한 연구로 의미를 부여할 수 있을 것이다.

This study attempts to locate the media practices of community  members within the concrete milieu of local community Chngshin-dong, and then to make sense of what the community media practices mean for them in their everyday lives. Drawing upon the thick data collected from a year-and-a half-long participant observation and in-depth interviews in the field, researchers came up with such key findings as follows. First, community residents -who participate in community media production and consumption as well as other community activities and social events- went through changes in terms of emotions/feelings/affect and experience a new sense of community and belonging. Second, the identity of community media seemed to depend on the outcome of formative communication processes between the community and the community media. This study is an attempt to look into the interwoven dynamics in the field of community media production/consumption and articulate them with other communal activities. It maps out the complex contours and spectrum of community
media within the specific context of quotidian lives of the community residents.

Due to the rapidly changing norms and constant developments in technology, media and communication educators and practitioners are expected to (re)evaluate the functioning of ethics and reasoning in this field. This chapter discusses the relationship between ethics, reasoning, and the media, and the
integral role of ethical reasoning education for communication and media professionals. Ethical systems and theories are discussed to inform the debate on the importance of ethics and reasoning education. Globalization and the growing interconnectivity of global media systems are presented, providing insight on how different media systems function around the world. The large impact that the media have on
society necessitates the possession of rational and ethical skills; thus, the connection between reasoning and ethics is explained.

Tendo por base a ideia de que ter acesso à internet não significa o acesso regular, procurou-se encontrar a percentagem de portugueses que acedem à rede pelo menos uma vez por semana. Em contraste com a narrativa vigente sobre a digitalização do país, verificou-se que 39,5 % dos inquiridos não acede à internet frequentemente, o que vem corroborar os estudos referentes a esta matéria que colocam Portugal na cauda da Europa. Por regiões, o Algarve regista a maior percentagem de acesso regular (72 %), seguindo-se a Grande Lisboa (67,9 %), o Alentejo (58,2 %) e o Norte (53,3 %) e, em termos etários, observa-se um grande fosso entre a regularidade de acesso dos mais jovens (96,3 %) e dos maiores de 65 anos (11,5 %). As principais atividades desenvolvidas são o envio/receção de e-mails (87 %), especialmente por homens, e o acesso a redes sociais digitais (79,9 %), maioritariamente por mulheres. O acesso a jornais e revistas online regista 53,6 %, seguindo-se a rádio (22,7 %) e a televisão (21,7 %). Esta hierarquização está em linha com os conteúdos disponíveis online por meio em Portugal, com a imprensa a recorrer à web como extensão do papel que permite um aprofundamento e uma mais célere atualização de informação. Efetivamente, a imprensa tem sido mais ativa do que os outros meios, em especial a televisão, cuja oferta online está muito centrada no streaming e na disponibilização de programas já transmitidos, numa duplicação das funcionalidades oferecidas pelas boxes. A utilização da internet, em contexto de mobilidade, faz-se maioritariamente através do smartphone e sobretudo pela faixa etária dos 15-24 anos. CONSUMO DE JORNAIS E REVISTAS Mais de dois terços dos portugueses acedem, com regularidade, a jornais e revistas, quer na versão impressa, quer na versão online (68,2 %), com as faixas etárias dos 25 aos 34 anos e dos 35 aos 44 anos a mostrarem-se as mais ativas, com um acesso médio de 78,5 %. A migração das publicações para o digital é uma realidade incontornável do panorama mediático nacional. Contudo, o estudo revela que os leitores regulares de conteúdos produzidos por jornais e revistas continuam a aceder sobretudo através do papel (94,8 %), seguindo-se o acesso via os sites oficiais das publicações (39,8 %), os portais agregadores (34,7 %) e as redes sociais digitais (34,3 %). CONSUMO DE RÁDIO O meio rádio é escutado, regularmente, por 73 % dos inquiridos, valor alinhado com a realidade francesa (75,5 %) e acima da realidade espanhola (60,1 %). A escuta é realizada em especial pela população ativa e por estudantes, com uma percentagem acima dos 80 %. Os homens mostram-se mais ligados à rádio do que as mulheres e o autorrádio continua a ser a forma de acesso mais popular (60,6 %), enquanto o computador é a forma de acesso menos utilizada (11,6 %). CONSUMO DE TELEVISÃO 99 % dos inquiridos vê televisão de forma regular, não se observando diferenças significativas em termos etários e de género. A escolha do televisor principal do lar fica a dever-se à dimensão do ecrã e à qualidade de imagem, sendo que perto de um quarto dos portugueses apenas tem acesso aos cinco canais em sinal aberto. Este facto fica a dever-se, em 65,9 % dos casos, a razões económicas. Dos 767 inquiridos que têm acesso a mais do que os cinco canais, apenas 6,9 % tem por hábito utilizar o Video-on-Demand, sendo a faixa etária mais jovem (15-24 anos) aquela que mais recorre a este serviço.

As of January 2021, the video production and sharing app TikTok had 689 million monthly users. Though it is hard to measure precisely how many of those users are young people, there is no doubt that the app is particularly popular among children and teens. Much of the discourse around TikTok in the mainstream media has taken a negative view of this, portraying the app as a discrete entity capable of having a direct effect on its young users. This view fails to appreciate the complexity of the relationships between the app and its users, and has led to an unbalanced understanding of the app itself. In an attempt to redress that balance, this study seeks to acknowledge the popularity of TikTok with young people in order to better understand its use, asking the seemingly simple question: why TikTok? That is to say, what is it specifically about TikTok that has made it such a success with young people? Starting with a re-interpretation of the app as a media using a framework derived from mediatisation research, practice theory is used to hone in on the particular ways in which young people use TikTok. Four videos which exemplify the concept of the ‘main character’ - a video ‘trend’ on the app - are analysed through this practice-based lens. In an attempt to interrogate the fixed nature of the categories adult/child and structure/agency, a basic language of media practice is established which helps us to comprehend the ways in which young people are negotiating their own spaces for exploration in a world which otherwise offers them very little tangible power. This has been undertaken with the aim of better comprehending how and where young people choose to engage with the world around them and what part new digital media such as TikTok have to play in that process.

Hindi cinema has formed an integral part of the media landscape in Trinidad. Audiences have primarily consisted of the descendants of indentured workers from India. Recent changes in production, distribution and consumption related to the emergence of the Bollywood culture industry have led to disruptions in the local reception context, resulting in a decline in cinema-going as well as the diminishing role of Hindi film as ethnic identity marker. This paper presents results of ethnographic research conducted at the release of the blockbuster 'Jab Tak Hai Jaan'. It focuses on young women's experiences as members of a 'new' Bollywood audience, characterised by a regionally defined middle class belonging and related consumption practices. In order to understand how the disjuncture is negotiated by contemporary audiences, cinema-going as a cultural practice is historically contextualised with a focus on the dynamic interdependencies of gender and ethnicity.

It has become commonplace to speak of media practices as a nexus of doings and sayings. In our article, we scrutinize this fuzzy account and the forms of articulation it entails. We start by arguing that, to be recognized as social practices, activities—regardless of whether they are verbal utterances or wordless body movements—have to initiate a cultural signification process that turns them into socially intelligible performances. Forming part of social practices in general, communicative practices, then, are modes of sign use that enable us to address recurrent and newly emerging tasks of understanding, accommodating, and comprehending. We shed light on the insights that such a conceptual distinction reveals by interrogating the shades of sensemaking within mnemonic online communities and their nostalgic remediations of the past.

Media technologies are structuring time and space in crucial ways. Especially the temporal aspect has been of interest lately, which is expressed in a growing commentary on media-related time in terms of speed and acceleration. Taking this discussions as a starting point, I problematize the consequences of temporal structuring by media technologies for civic participation and more specifically protest movements. Drawing on two case studies – the unemployed workers movements of the 1930s and the Occupy Wall Street movement of 2011/2012 – I explore the changing regimes of time that are related to dominant media technologies. The main aim is to disentangle the relationship between temporal regimes suggested by media technologies and their appropriation by protest movements that emerged in major economic crises. Combing archival materials with in-depth interviews I discuss the importance of media practices for the two movements and uncover a shift from mechanical speed to digital immediacy having crucial implications for democracy and civic participation.

In India, information about nuclear technologies is often kept shrouded in secrecy. Science reporters covering such strategic sectors depend for information on cultivating sources and pursuing contacts in the nuclear establishment. Based on in-depth interviews with two science/environmental journalists and analysis of their television reports and magazine articles, I show how journalists are acutely aware of their role as mediators between scientists and their complex technological projects on the one hand and the general public on the other. Reporting on ‘secret’ nuclear sciences makes concerns of objectivity and bias in journalistic practice strategic: if journalists are considered pro-nuclear, they have a better chance of accessing nuclear reactor and space research sites. Journalists and scientists co-design and co-stage experiments to be witnessed by the television audiences, and I argue for a close analysis of these mutual entanglements of scientific processes and media practices to understand the performative mediations of environmental debates. Furthermore, I examine how television studio and split-screen management affords news anchors a strategic advantage in confronting politicians and science experts with questions about the risk and safety of scientific projects – an advantage that is not equally available to journalists while accessing strategic technoscience sites.

This study analyses the online activities of members of the Israeli Gothic subculture. Using qualitative and interpretive analysis based on Culture Studies, it explores the different ways in which digital media are integrated into the users' everyday lives.

"Nos études précédentes sur les pratiques culturelles et de loisir des étudiants libanais avaient montré, entre autres, qu’une grande partie des jeunes restait confinée au sein de l’environnement familial même au niveau des loisirs.  Le virtuel devient donc le seul espace d’intimité où ils peuvent déployer leur individualité loin du regard familial. Or, nous avions aussi pu montrer  que les jeunes qui étaient actifs socialement, loin de l’environnement familial imposé, s’avéraient les plus actifs culturellement, les plus demandeurs d’information.  Les nouveaux medias offrent aujourd’hui aux jeunes des possibilités de s’intégrer à des réseaux sociaux virtuels. Nous nous intéressons ici aux communautés virtuelles que créent de jeunes Libanais, autour de thèmes civiques tels que la défense de l’environnement, la citoyenneté, la liberté de d’expression,  les droits des femmes, la laïcité et le mariage civil, la diversité, etc. Leur critique sociale et l’expression de leurs aspirations dans des groupes sur FB expriment une individualité qui cherche à se démarquer de la culture dominante. Le choix des thèmes, la manière de les traiter, les valeurs qu’ils défendent  révèlent leur être au monde, une manière qui leur est propre de se positionner face aux problèmes de leur société, inspirée des modèles que diffusent les médias internationaux, omniprésents dans leur quotidien.
En effet, ces jeunes, issus de la classe moyenne urbaine,  ont été exposés précocement aux flux médiatiques mondiaux,  usant  des langues étrangères,  et éduqués pour une grande part dans des institutions occidentales. Les outils du Web 2 leur donnent la possibilité de partager leur propre lecture des faits, et de créer des solidarités  autour de thèmes qu’ils choisissent délibérément non politiques, car la politique divise profondément la société libanaise.
Ils mesurent leur propre société à l’aune de valeurs universelles, telles que le respect des droits de l’homme, la liberté de l’individu,  et aspirent à un état de droit et séculier. A travers les medias sociaux ils diffusent à un groupe restreint qui leur ressemble les éléments d’une culture qui leur est propre (subculture), nourrie d’expressions culturelles diverses, et puisant aux sources de l’information mondiale autant que locales. 
Nous voulons tenter de saisir les pratiques culturelles et informationnelles de cette catégorie de jeunes, telles qu’elles s’expriment dans les communautés virtuelles qu’ils créent, pour saisir quelques éléments de cette culture des jeunes.
Notre propos n’est certes pas de généraliser nos observations, mais plutôt de définir les caractéristiques de ces groupes et de la culture que partagent leurs membres. 
Nous analyserons une douzaine de réseaux sociaux initiés par des jeunes Libanais, autour de thèmes de la vie civile. 
Nous nous proposons donc de décrire les caractéristiques de leur cyberactivité citoyenne,  les thèmes autour desquels ils se regroupent, les valeurs qu’ils expriment, les sources de l’information et de la culture auxquelles ils puisent, les types d’information qu’ils privilégient et les modes d’expression choisis. 
L’analyse portera en particulier sur :
La relation du global au local : L’influence de l’universel sur le choix des thèmes, la spécificité des problèmes soulevés, la couverture géographique
Les langues utilisées dans l’écriture
Les sources de l’information, les références
Les modes d’appréhension de l’information
Les différents types de documents utilisés, les sources de ces documents et leur recyclage
Les modes d’expressions favoris


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