Mastozoology

Coexistence of sympatric felids is facilitated by mutual avoidance and the partitioning of habitats, prey, and time. Anthropogenic disturbances disrupt this coexistence in fragmented landscapes, potentially triggering cascading influences in ecological communities. We used photographic data from 8,717 trap nights (November 2014–June 2016) at 87 camera trap sites in Colombia's middle Magdalena River basin to compare spatiotemporal overlap among jaguars (Panthera onca), pumas (Puma concolor), their prey, and humans, at sites of high and low disturbance, as determined by the human influence index. Human disturbance events (e.g., domestic dogs, livestock, and humans, including armed hunters) comprised 38% of all photographs at high disturbance sites and 29% of all photographs at low disturbance sites. Differential spatiotemporal overlaps were recorded between felids and their prey at high versus low disturbance sites, with jaguars exhibiting only 13% temporal overlap with humans at ...

Esta obra integra gran parte del conocimiento actual de los mamíferos que habitaron el estado de Puebla, principalmente aquellos de edad pleistocena tardía (120 000 a 11 000 años antes del presente) que se hallaron en el área de Valsequillo, al sureste de la capital del estado. Su estudio se inició desde hace más de 100 años y en el mismo han participado aficionados e investigadores nacionales y extranjeros. Además de que los editores tratan de integrar dicha información, a su vez dan a conocer algunos nuevos datos y, sobre todo, un registro fotodocumental muy valioso que ha sido puesto a su disposición, lo que le da un aspecto importante a la obra. Esta compilación representa la base del conocimiento actual de la mastofauna pleistocena poblana y deberá servir como punto de partida para los proyectos y estudios futuros.

To consolidate the available information on terrestrial and marine mammals of the department of Nariño, voucher specimens from national collections as well as records from international museum databases and the scientific literature were investigated. A checklist of 182 mammalian species is presented. Out of those, 24 species are considered as threatened under some category in Colombia. Our work reveals the need of new efforts to fill out the mammalian information gaps for this portion of the country.

Se reportó la diversidad en términos de riqueza y abundancia de especies de quíropteros presentes en la localidad de Chuyamayo en el distrito de Huayopata, provincia de La Convención-Cusco.  El estudio se realizaró en  2 muestreos, uno en la temporada de lluvias (Febrero) y  otro en la de secas (Junio); para esto se utilizó la metodología de transectos lineales, haciendo uso de 10 redes de niebla hubicadas en 2 transectos a cada lado de la estación central, la zona se caracteriza por ser un bosque montano bastante impactado por la población que reliza la agricultura como principal fuente de ingreso económico. Al finalizar el estudio se obtuvo 55 individuos clasificados taxonomicamente en 14 especies, 8 géneros, 1 familia (Phyllostomidae) y un orden (Chiroptera). 9 especies fueron registradas en la temporada de secas, mientras que 10 especies en la temporada de lluvias.  Se presenta cuadros de rango abundancia para el análisis de la diversidad y datos relevantes sobre la historia natural de cada una de las especies involucradas. Además de esto se obtuvo índices de diversidad para cada temporada, los cuales fueron muy parecidos, dentro de estos el mas interesante el de equitatividad que fue 0.9283 para la temporada de secas y 0.9077 para la temporada de lluvias; lo que nos indica que la composión de las comunidades en esta zona es bastante similar tanto en la temporada de lluvias como en la de secas. A su vez el estudio demostró que no se llegó al total de las especies gracias a la curva de acumulación de especies.

A general approach to the biodiversity, ecology and conservation of the mediterranean bats.
CITE AS: Garrido-García, J. A. (2007): Biodiversidad y conservación de la quiropterofauna en la Región Mediterránea. Pp. 609 – 642 en J. M. Barea Azcón, M. Moleón Páiz, R. Travesí Ydañez, E. Ballesteros Duperón, J. M. Luzón Ortega y J. M. Tierno de Figueroa (Eds.): Biodiversidad y conservación de la Fauna y Flora en ambientes mediterráneos. Sociedad Granatense de Historia Natural, Granada.

CONFLICT BETWEEN THE PUMA (Puma concolor cabrerae) AND HUMAN INHABITANTS IN THE
CALDEN DISTRICT, ARGENTINA. So as to determine the conflict between humans and pumas (Puma concolor cabrerae)
in the Calden District, Espinal Region, Argentina, 22 ranchers were interviewed between October 2010 and December 2011.
Evidence of the presence of such species would exist in 90.90% of theranches surveyed. In a year period, 72.72% had suffered
depredation incidents attributed to pumas with annual losses estimated inpesos 8.354 (1.943 dollars) per affected livestock
breeder. The total annual perceived economic loss due to cougars, considering all ranches interviewed, was pesos 133.675
(31.087 dollars). Interventions to avoid attacks were adopted by 86.86 % of livestock establishmentsand cougars were
persecuted by 45.45% of ranchers. The majority of respondents (59.09%) believe that cougar numbers have increased in the last
decade. Losses perceived as caused by pumas were considered, by 81.81% of the cattle breeders interviewed, as very important
or important. This felid is viewed as a plague by 63.63% of the respondents. At least eight pumas were killed in a year period
and a large number of individuals seem to be illegally captured and taken to big game hunting preserves for “canned” hunt. We
consider important to evaluate the threats affecting this population because we suppose it can be acting as a source of pumas to
the endangered population of the Argentinean pampas.

We review the vertebrate fauna of southern Spain’s semi-arid areas. ► It is composed by generalist vertebrates and much less so by species adapted to aridity. ► Many of the vertebrates in semi-arid Iberia depend on riparian and human-managed habitats. ► We review how non-typically-desert species have adapted (or not) to aridity. ► Major conservation problems derived from economic exploitation of the area are described

PUMA (HERPAILURUS) PUMOIDES (CASTELLANOS, 1958) NOV. COMB. SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS AND FOSSIL RECORD. Felis pumoides Castellanos 1958 is a Felinae of dubious stratigraphic procedence, reported as coming from Pliocene beds (“horizonte Brocherence”) from Córdoba province, Argentina. In the present paper the cranial and postcranial remains of the holotype (MUFyCA 767) were mainly compared with other South American felids and Acinonyx jubatus. Is concluded that P. pumoides possess great similarity to the recent species Puma (Herpailurus) yagouaroundi, and some shared traits with Puma (Puma) concolor and Acinonyx jubatus. These species belong to an evolutionary line well defined by previous molecular and morphological data. Therefore, the taxon should be referred as Puma (Herpailurus) pumoides n. comb. The comparisons of this species with the extinct cougar species from the Pliocene and Pleistocene of North America P. (Miracinonyx) inexpectata, and the Old World P. (Viretailurus) pardoides, as well as with the cheetahs from the Pliocene-Pleistocene of Old World, show extensive morphological similarities. Comparissons suggests a possible origin of South American puma lineage near the basal diverge of North American pumas (subgenus Miracinonyx). According to the associated remains and previous publications it is possible to confirm that P. (H.) pumoides comes from Upper Pliocene levels (“Brocherense”). Thus, it constitutes the earlist record for the Felidae and the Puma lineage in South America. Phylogenetic affinities of P. (H.) pumoides also indicates that the line of Herpailurus originated in South America before the Pleistocene.

The fire and fire effects on terrestrial herpeto and mastofauna in Ilha Grande National Park (PR/MS), Brazil.

This research was developed in Ilha Grande National Park, a Brazilian Conservation Unit, located in the southern region of high Paraná River flood plain, between the states of Paraná and Mato Grosso do Sul. The objectives were to characterize the forest fire statistics of the unit, define the forest fire risk season, describe wild animals’ attitudes to fire, identify the species affeccted by fire and correlate the nature of the lesions with the fire action, and identify the species in burned area. The wildfire statistics were determined by the evaluation of the occurences between 1999 to 2003. The forest fire risk season were defined by the evaluation of the meteorological data of temperature, umidity and precipitation from 1998 to 2003. The fire effects on wildlife were determined by the evaluation of the direct and indirect effects of the fire observed in two wildfires occurred in september of 2003. The evaluation of the direct effects were made by the description of the animals attitudes to fire and by the evaluation of the mortality and the lesions related with the fire action. Indirect effects were evaluated by the identification of the species that made use of the burned areas. In the period from 1999 to 2003, 52 occurrences were registered. The total burned area was 129,481.5 ha. The fire season extends from august to september, when 64% of the fires occurred. “Ilha Grande”, the major Park island, ranked first both in registered fires (13) and burned surface (100,097.5 ha). Incendiary, with the 50% occurrences was the leading cause. According to the meteorological data of the region, the fire risk season in the Park extends from july to september. The attitudes of three species of reptiles and six species of mammals to fire were registered. The animals observed were three snakes, one Tapirus terrestris, four Alouatta caraya, thirty-one Blastocerus dichotomus, two Cavia aperea, two Tamandua tetradactyla and one Dasypus novemcinctus. The animals’ attitudes to fire were compatible with reactions to threatening situations. During the monitoring of the burned surface, there were found sixteen dead animals and three alive animals presenting extensive burn injuries. The dead animals were four Bothrops moojeni, one Thamnodynastes hypoconia, one not identified snake, two Cavia aperea, one Tamandua tetradactyla, six Dasypus novemcinctus and one Puma concolor. The injured animals found alive were one Micrurus lemniscatus, one Blastocerus dichotomus and one Cavia aperea. During the one year monitoring period many species of reptiles and mammals used the burned areas according to their biological characteristics and the available resources of the area. The results showed that in Ilha Grande National Park forest fires are periodical occurences and intensive and extensive wildfires affect direct and indirectly terrestrial reptiles and mammals. For the first time there were registered the death of a Puma concolor and the aquatic dislocation of Alouatta caraya, both due to the direct effects of the fire.
Key-words: wildfires, forest fires, fire ecology, wildlife, fauna.

Se estudiaron diversos parámetros demográficos en la población de ciervos (Cervus elaphus) de la R.N. de Caza de la Serranía de Cuenca. Los datos fueron obtenidos mediante muestreos realizados en los años 1991 y 1992. En función de los distintos parámetros a obtener, se aplicaron diferentes métodos de censo. Los datos obtenidos en campo mediante transectos fueron tratados mediante el programa TRANSECT para la estimación de densidades. El resto de los parámetros se estimaron a partir de los datos de tnmsectos y de los conteos directos en parajes querenciosos. Se estimó que la densidad media de los ciervos, en febrero de 1992, era de 9.86 ind/l00 ha, con intervalo de confianza del 95% entre 8.10 y 11.6 ind/l00 ha. El error estándar resultó sólo del 1.40%. El tamaño de grupo no afectó a la detectabilidad. La tasa sexual adulta fue de 0.49 y la juvenil de 0.72, siendo la fertilidad del 69%.

Several demographic parameters on a population of red deer (Cervus elaphus) were studied in the R.N. de Caza de la Serranía de Cuenca (Spain). Data were obtained in 1991 and 1992 by applying different census techniques to study different parameters. Line transect sampling was realized and records were run with TRANSECT program to obtain densities. Demographic parameters were estimated from data of both transect and habitual places sampling. Mean density was estimated in 9.86 deers/l00 ha (February, 1992), being the 95% confidence interval between 8.10 and 11.6 deers/l00 ha. Standard error was 1.40%. The group size didn't affect detectability. Sex ratios were 0.49 in adults and 0.72 in yearlings, being the fertility rate 69%.

This paper discusses the selection of osseous raw materials from Late Holocene hunter-gatherer sites located in the wetlands that formed in the low basin of the Paraná River. Although most of the bone comes from local taxa, the bones from a non-local mammal found in the adjacent Pampa plains, Lama guanicoe (guanaco), was occasionally used in bone tool manufacture. First we characterize this ungulate through isotopic data (d 18 O) as non-local prey and explore the strategies for procurement of the guanaco bones. Then we analyze the typology and the specific morphometric properties of the tools that were produced from them. The results show that the guanaco bones arrived from the plains of the Pampa plains by way of logistic hunting and probably at the same time through trade behavior, to obtain large hides of high quality which were not available from animals living in the wetlands. The guanaco distal metapodials were probably attached to the hides when they were brought into the settlement. They were used to produce a particular kind of bone projectile. The procurement of these bones was a conscious and particular behavior associated with the acquisition of blanks with particular morphometric properties. The artifacts made of metapodia display standardized metric, morphologic and microscopic structures that support this statement, suggesting a well-defined and established technological strategy connected to with these particular skeletal elements.

NEW RECORDS OF THE PUMA (Puma concolor) IN NORTHERN ARGENTINEAN PAMPAS. In this
paper we present new records of the Puma (Puma concolor) in the north of the Argentine pampas. This information reveals the
existence of a reproductive population in an area from where it was extirpated, at least, since the middle of the XX century. The
future of this population is uncertain as it seems to be suffering from intense cinegetic pressure.

During his first trip to Latin America (1838-1842), the Swiss naturalist Johann Jakob von Tschudi collected a large series of Peruvian fauna, including birds, reptiles, fish, amphibians, and mammals. On this last group, Tschudi published two pioneering works, “Mammalium conspectus” and “Untersuchungen über die Fauna Peruana”, in which he described new species and presented the first systematic lists of the Peruvian fauna. Despite the relevance of Tschudi’s work, his lists of mammals have been poorly consulted in contemporary research. In order to rectify and update these lists, we reviewed all of Tschudi’s writings on mammals, situating his expedition in its global context. Additionally, we looked and reviewed the material collected by Tschudi, including types, held at the Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle de Neuchâtel (Neuchâtel, Switzerland). Of the 119 species listed by Tschudi, approximately 87 are currently recognized as valid. Furthermore, at least 21 type specimens representing 14 of the 24 species described by Tschudi are still held at Neuchâtel’s collection. We finally corrected and clarified the date of publication of Tschudi’s new species. Tschudi’s Peruvian expedition drew international recognition in his days, being a milestone in the history of scientific institutionalization in Switzerland, and remains as a relevant legacy for the study of Peruvian biodiversity.

Richness and abundance of bats in an area of ecological restoration, Estación de Biodiversidad (Biodiversity
Station) URRA (EB-URRA), located in Tierralta municipality, Córdoba department, Colombia was
determined. Sampling of 10 nights (between 2012-2013), using four mist nets (three 6x3 m and a 12x3 m)
open between 1800 and 2400 hours. 176 individuals of 14 bats species divided in four families, Phyllostomidae,
Molossidae, Vespertilionidae and Emballonuridae were registered. The most abundant trophic
group was frugivores (82.9%), followed by omnivores (11.4%), insectivores (3.9%) and nectarivores (1.8%).
These results suggest that the recovery of degraded areas through ecological restoration processes allow
colonization and maintenance of species diversity of bats

During his first trip to Latin America (1838-1842), the Swiss naturalist Johann Jakob von Tschudi collected a large series of Peruvian fauna, including birds, reptiles, fish, amphibians, and mammals. On this last group, Tschudi published two pioneering works, “Mammalium conspectus” and “Untersuchungen über die Fauna Peruana”, in which he described new species and presented the first systematic lists of the Peruvian fauna. Despite the relevance of Tschudi’s work, his lists of mammals have been poorly consulted in contemporary research. In order to rectify and update these lists, we reviewed all of Tschudi’s writings on mammals, situating his expedition in its global context. Additionally, we looked and reviewed the material collected by Tschudi, including types, held at the Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle de Neuchâtel (Neuchâtel, Switzerland). Of the 119 species listed by Tschudi, approximately 87 are currently recognized as valid. Furthermore, at least 21 type specimens representing 14...

RESUMEN. Se presentan cinco nuevos hallazgos de Canis familiaris de edad prehispánica recuperados en sitios arqueológicos ubicados en la cuenca inferior del río Paraná, asociados a contextos de cazadores-recolectores complejos. Estos ejemplares se suman a otro hallazgo previamente realizado en la región, alcanzando un total de 6 individuos identificados. Se presentan nuevas fechas-taxón que amplían la presencia de este mamífero al rango temporal 680 ± 80 a 1594 ± 59 años 14 C AP para las latitudes medias de Argentina. Esta última fecha-taxón representa el ejemplar más antiguo de C. familiaris para Argentina hasta el momento. Asimismo, se obtuvieron los primeros valores de δ 18 O obtenidos para ejemplares prehispánicos de Argentina, los cuales señalan que el área de cría se encontraba en una ecozona isotópica diferente a la del río Paraná, y que, por lo tanto, ingre-saron en la región a través de procesos de intercambio. A su vez, esto implica que los individuos estudiados estaban estrechamente vinculados con los humanos, y por ende, no formaban parte de la mastofauna silvestre. Se presentan criterios morfométricos discriminantes para el axis, el cúbito y los caninos de esta especie respecto de otros cánidos sudamericanos. ABSTRACT. New records of pre-Columbian Canis familiaris (Carnivora, Canidae) in the Paraná Basin, Argentina. Five new confirmed Canis familiaris findings of pre-Columbian age are presented. The individuals were recovered in archaeological sites located in the lower basin of the Parana River, generated by complex hunter-gathererers. These individuals must be added to another finding previously reported, totaling 6 confirmed findings of this species recovered in the region. Direct dating performed on different bone elements corresponding to these specimens, as well as their associated contexts, show a chronological range for these specimens of 680 ± 80 to 1594 ± 59 radiocarbon years before present. The isotopic data indicate that the breeding area is not the wetland of the lower Parana basin, where they were recovered. Therefore, these specimens were not part as the local wildlife, and they had come to the region associated with exchange processes between human groups. Distinctive morphometric criteria for the axis, ulna and canines of C. familiaris are also presented in order to distinguish this species from other South American canids. Palabras clave: Canis familiaris. Cuenca del Paraná. Isotopos estables. Morfometría. Sudamérica.