Lung cancer biology

Objective: Lung cancer is one of the most common and serious types
of  cancer.  For  this  reason,  novel  therapeutic  approaches  for  its
treatment  are  urgently  needed.  The  aim  of  this  study  was  to
investigate the effect of Salvia officinalis essential oil and its three
main components in human lung cancer A549 and NCI-H226 cells.
Method:  A549  and  NCI-H226  cells  were  treated  with  various
concentrations  of  Salvia  officinalis  essential  oil  and  with  a
combination of two and three of its main constituents (1,8-cineole, α-thujone and camphor), at a dose of 100 and 200 g/ml for 48 and 72
hours.  The  anti-proliferative  activity  was  evaluated  by  the  MTT
assay.
Result:  We  showed  that  the  treatment  with  Salvia  officinalis
essential oil, at a dose of 200 g/ml for 72 hours, caused significant
growth  inhibition  on  both  cell  lines,  compared  with  respective
controls. The same result was obtained from the treatment with the
combination of α-thujone and 1,8-cineole, α-thujone and camphor
and 1,8-cineole and  camphor,  at  a  dose  of  200 g/ml  each  for  72
hours,  and  with  the  association  of  α-thujone,  1,8-cineole  and
camphor at a dose of 100 g/ml each for 48 hours.
Conclusion: Based on these preliminary results, Salvia officinalis
could  represent  an  important  source  of  substances  with  antiproliferative  activity  and  could  improve  the  treatment  of  this
devastating disease.

With soaring health care costs in the United States, the added
burden of assisting people who do not legally live in the United States
can be overwhelming to health care providers and institutions. For
unauthorized immigrants (also known as undocumented or illegal
immigrants), few options are available through the Affordable Care
Act (ACA), usually limited to emergency services, charity care, or
community health centers. Senate Republicans are working hard to
repeal the ACA with revising the Senate Better Care Reconciliation
Act (BCRA) that would ultimately limit eligibility for some benefits
that immigrants have under the current law.

In certain types of cancer, increased serum protease inhibitor levels were identified and clues showing that, serum levels of protease inhibitor could be used in the assessment of prognosis and dissemination of tumor were obtained. We aimed to reveal whether serum alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) and alpha-2-macroglobulin (AMG) levels of patients with lung cancer are related with histological type, clinical stage, and advance of cancer. The patients enrolled in the study were the ones with a histopathologic diagnosis of primary lung cancer and they were not administered any treatment before. Levels of serum AAT and AMG were analyzed at the moment of diagnosis. A total of 47 patients were enrolled in the study – 42 males and 5 females. The average age was 58.9. Tumor cell type was non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) in 36 and small cell lung carcinoma in 11 patients. There was a negative correlation between serum AAT level and age (p= 0.21 r=-0.339). No correlation was identified between serum AMG level and age (p= 0.138 r= 0.222). There was no significant relation between histological types of lung cancer and serums AAT and AMG (p= 0.807, p= 0.411 respectively). AAT and AMG levels were not different in limited and extensive small cell lung carcinoma (p= 0.201 and p= 0.465). AAT and AMG levels based on stages were not found to be different in NSCLC (p= 0.646 and p=0.650). AAT and AMG levels did not vary based on distant metastasis or local spread in NSCLC (p= 0.371 and p= 0.676). Serum alpha-1-antitrypsin and alpha-2-macroglobulin levels in patients with lung cancer do not vary based on histological types, stage of the disease, local, distant and lymphatic spread of the tumor. ÖZET Akciğer Kanserinde Serum Alfa-1-Antitripsin ve Alfa-2-Makroglobulin Düzeyleri ile Tümor Histolojisi veya Yaygınlığı İlişkili mi? Bazı kanser tiplerinde artmış serum proteaz inhibitor düzeyleri saptanmış ve serum proteaz inhibitör düzeylerinin tümörün yaygınlığında, prognozun değerlendirilmesinde kullanılabileceğine dair ipuçları elde edilmiştir. Akciğer kanserli hastalarda serum alfa-1-antitripsin (AAT) ve alfa-2-makroglobulin (AMG) düzeyleri ile kanserin histolojik tipi, klinik evresi ve yaygınlığı arasında ilişki olup olmadığını ortaya koymayı amaçladık. Histopatolojik olarak primer akciğer kanseri tanısı konulan, herhangi bir tedavi uygulanmamış hastalar çalışmaya alındı. Teşhis anında serum AAT ve AMG düzeyleri incelendi. Çalışmaya 42 erkek ve 5 kadın, toplam 47 hasta alındı. Yaş ortalaması 58,9 yıl idi. Tümör hücre tipi 36 hastada küçük hücreli dışı akciğer karsinomu (KHDAK) ve 11 hastada küçük hücreli akciğer karsinomu idi. Serum AAT düzeyi ve yaş arasında negatif korelasyon var idi (p= 0.21 r=-0,339). Serum AMG düzeyi ve yaş arasında korelasyon saptanmadı (p= 0.138 r=0.222). Akciğer kanserinin histolojik tipleri ile serum AAT ve AMG arasında anlamlı ilişki saptanmadı (sırasıyla p= 0.807, p= 0,411). Küçük hücreli akciğer karsinomunda sınırlı ve yaygın hastalıkta serum AAT ve AMG düzeyleri farklı değil idi (p= 0.201 ve p= 0.465). KHDAK'de evrelere göre AAT ve AMG düzeyleri farklı bulunmadı (p= 0.646 ve p= 0,650). KHDAK'de uzak metastaz veya lokal yaygınlığa göre AAT ve AMG düzeyleri farklılık göstermedi (p= 0.371 ve p= 0.676). Akciğer kanserli hastalarda serum alfa-1-antitripsin ve alfa-2-makroglobulin düzeyleri histolojik tiplere, hastalığın evresine, tümörün lokal, uzak ve lenfatik yaygınlığına göre farklılık göstermemektedir.