Lode

Mining is the extraction of valuable minerals or other geological materials from the earth from an ore-body, lode, vein, seam or reef, which forms the mineralized package of economic interest to the miner. The mining industry in India is a major economic activity which contributes significantly to the economy of India. The GDP contribution of the mining industry varies from 2.2% to 2.5% only but going by the GDP of the total industrial sector it contributes around 10% to 11%. Even mining done on small scale contributes 6% to the entire cost of mineral production. Indian mining industry provides job opportunities to around 700,000 individuals. India’s minerals range from both metallic and non-metallic types. The metallic minerals comprise ferrous and non-ferrous minerals, while the non-metallic minerals comprise of mineral fuels, precious stones, among others. Mining is a process through which we can utilise natural resources in the form of copper, flour, steel, jewellery, coal etc. all these we use in our daily life for different purposes. The nature of mining processes creates a potential negative impact on the environment both during the mining operations and for the years after the mine is closed. Due to unsystematic way of mining and to access large amount of benefits causes negative impact on environment. Negative impact may leads to deforestation, landslides, sinking of water table, earthquakes, etc. In this paper there is summarization of mining, types of mining, major problems caused in area due to mining and their negative influence in Mussoorie Division and how we can reduce the negative effects of mining.