Ljubljansko Barje

Abstract

During the second half of July and the first days of August 1883, the provincial committee of the Duchy of Carniola (Deželni odbor vojvodine Kranjske) organized a provincial exhibition in the Oberrealschule of Ljubljana to celebrate the 600th anniversary of the annexation of the Province of Carniola by the Habsburg crown. The exhibition was exhaustively advertised in the feuilleton Deželna razstava v realki (Provincial exhibition in the Oberrealschule), printed in the newspaper Slovenski narod from July 21 to August 1, 1883. Two exhibition catalogues were edited, a German one 39 pages long (Katalog der im Gebäude der k. k. Oberrealschule befindlichen Landesausstellung ...) and a Slovenian one 32 pages long (Katalog deželne razstave v poslopji tukajšnje ...).
There are several important differences between the two catalogues. In the Slovenian edition, the Habsburgica chapter (German catalogue, pp. 22–24) is missing, though it has 6 pages of supplementary material. Thirteen pages of the German catalogue (pp. 3–15), but only two of the Slovenian one (pp. 3–4), are devoted to the archaeological part of the exhibition entitled Carniolia antiqua. Krain in der Urzeit und unter der Römerherrschaft (Carniola in antiquity and under Roman Rule). The exhibition presented many objects from Dežman’s pile-dwellings at Ljubljansko barje (Ljubljana Marshes), from the Urnfield period, from Hallstatt period graves (Vače, Šmarjeta, Magdalenska gora near Šmarje, Tržišče near Dolenja vas, Šmihel pod Nanosom) and from the Roman period. Displayed artifacts included the famous Hallstatt-period Vače Situla, discovered in1882, and exceptional objects that belonged to the second Late Roman hoard from Gora above Polhov Gradec, excavated in 1883.
Finds not only came from the Prehistoric and Roman collections of the Provincial museum (Deželni muzej, Landesmuseum) in Ljubljana, but also from some private collections (Wilhelm Dollhof, Prince Ernst Windischgrätz from Vienna, Albert Samassa, Luka Tavčar and Lady Vok from Ljubljana, Anton Globočnik from Postojna, and Franjo Jarc from Mirna). Several of the latter were never added to any museum collection.

This text was proof-read by Emily Zavodny from the Penn State University (USA).


Izvleček

V drugi polovici julija in prvih dneh avgusta leta 1883 je bila v ljubljanski realki postavljena deželna razstava, ki jo je pripravil Deželni odbor vojvodine Kranjske. Tega leta so praznovali 600-letnico priključitve Kranjske habsburški kroni. O razstavi je izčrpno poročal podlistek Deželna razstava v realki, ki je izhajal v Slovenskem narodu od 21. julija do 1. avgusta 1883. Natisnjena sta bila dva razstavna kataloga, nemški na 39 straneh (Katalog der im Gebäude der k. k. Oberrealschule befindlichen Landesausstellung ...) in slovenski na 32 straneh (Katalog deželne razstave v poslopji tukajšnje ...).
Med njima je nekaj pomembnih razlik. V slovenskem ni poglavja Habsburgica (nem. katalog, str. 22–24), ima pa 6 strani dodatka. V nemškem je arheološki del razstave, ki je nosil naslov Carniolia antiqua. Kranjska v davnini in pod rimsko oblastjo, popisan na trinajstih straneh (od 3 do 15), v slovenskem pa na samo dveh (strani 3 in 4). Na razstavi je bilo veliko predmetov iz Dežmanovih kolišč na Ljubljanskem barju, iz žarnogrobiščne dobe, iz halštatskih grobov (Vače, Šmarjeta, Magdalenska gora pri Šmarju, Tržišče pri Dolenji vasi,  Šmihel pod Nanosom) in iz rimske dobe, med njimi leta 1882 odkrita vaška situla in leta 1883 izkopani predmeti druge zakladne najdbe z Gore nad Polhovim Gradcem.
Poleg najdb iz prazgodovinske in rimske zbirke Deželnega muzeja so bile na ogled tudi najdbe iz zasebnih zbirk (Wilhelma Dollhofa, kneza Ernsta Windischgrätza z Dunaja, Alberta Samasse, Luke Tavčarja in gospe Vok iz Ljubljane, Antona Globočnika iz Postojne ter Franja Jarca z Mirne), katerih del pozneje ni prišel v noben muzej. 

Ljubljana, November 12, 2015                      Dragan Božič

The contribution presents the results of a comprehensive study of the Late Copper Age Deschmann’s pile-dwelling sites near Ig in the Ljubljansko barje, central Slovenia. It opens with a history of research and goes on to tackle the main topics associated with the cultural attribution of the sites. A re-examination of the recovered pottery and available archival records, coupled with a new typological and chronological analysis of the small finds has enabled a cultural and chronological redefinition of the Ljubljana culture and its characteristic pottery. In addition to the typical vessel forms, usually decorated with whipped-cord impressions, the newly-defined Ljubljana culture includes common ware that reveals influences primarily from the Somogyvar-Vinkovci culture in the Carpathian Basin. Some of the vessels of the Ljubljana culture also follow the tradition of the Vučedol culture, while others reflect the influences and maybe contacts with the Corded Ware, Globular Amphora and Bell Beaker cultures.

– In the 4th millennium cal BC the hinterlands of Ljubljansko barje basin were covered by beech-fir (Abies-Fagus) and mixed oak (Quercus) forests. People of several Eneolithic cultural groups were cutting/burning forests to open the landscape for fields and pastures. This paper focuses on high-resolution palynological analyses of pile-dwelling settlements Maharski prekop, Stare gmajne and Blatna Brezovica to investigate human impact on the vegetation, and to compare past economy and vegetation history in various parts of Ljubljansko barje. The results revealed that there were no major changes of vegetation throughout the 4th millennium cal. BC, neither were there any major differences between vegetation of the selected study sites. Cultural layers from archaeological sites (in larger quantities than off-site cores) contain pollen of plants that were brought to the settlement by people: cereals and other cultivars (Cereal t., Linum), weeds (Centaurea), grazing indicators (Plantago la...

Abstract: The article presents ten previously unpublished bronze sickles, which were found in the river Ljubljanica in recent decades. Six of the sickles come with a more precise findspot. All belong to the group of right-handed tanged sickles. Their state of preservations differs, from complete examples to fragments, whereby four sickles are preserved to the level that enables typological determination. The number of the ribs on the tang, their shape and course as well as the shape of the tang-to-blade transition constitutes criteria for distinguishing four variants. Best analogies are to be found in the hoard finds from the western Pannonian Basin, western Balkans and the south-eastern Alps, which date to the early part of the Urnfield Culture period, mostly Ha A1.

Keywords: Slovenia, Ljubljansko barje, Ljubljanica River,  Late Bronze Age, water finds, tanged sickles, typology, chronology, distribution