IKS

The ever increasing population along with global climatic changes i.e. variations in the ecosystem, thinning of arable land and diminishing soil and water resources has led us to the inevitable challenge of food insecurity and resource management. The paper advocates the need to improve the government interventions for sustainable agricultural development, by making it more participatory in its design and implementation, blending the traditional local knowledge with reference to their opportunities or constraints to bridge the transitional lag. Moreover, the extension services must engage with

South Africa acquired mojoriiy rule in 1994 after 46 years under oportheid regime. This marked the birth of democratic siote built on o constitutionol democrocy. yet todoy it still beors the morks ond unheoled wounds of coloniol ero ond is struggling to shed the teg-ocy of oportheid. Protest ond collective violence continue io be o mojor sociol problem focing South Africo todoy. The violent culture con be troced from the precoloniol times ond the coloniol ero. Violence in South Africo monifests itself through different forms such os politicol, economic, sociol qnd educotionolspheres of the society. During the oportheid ero Block people used io protest ogoinst the oportheid government for ihe gross injustices perpetroted ogoinst them. The block mosses protested ogoinst the corrying of posses ond chonge in curriculum system which resulted in the deoths of student s in 1g7 6 soweto uprising. In the post-oportheid South Africo, most notoble ocis of collective violent demonstro-tions con be highlighted by the Morikono strikes which resulted in the deoth of mony people. More so, the world witnessed with horror the 2oo8 ond 20l5 xenophobic ottocks which resulted in the deoth of 69 people ond mony more injuries on fellow humons. Violence demonstrotions results in ihe loss of life ond destruction of property worthy of millions. The sociol collision theory will be used to exploin the origin of the culture of violence in South Africo. This orticle gives on onolysis of the vorious forms in which protest ond collective violence occur ond losily this desktop reseorch provides vorious interventions which con oe used to prevent or stop the culture of violence in South Africo.

The ever increasing population along with global climatic changes i.e. variations in the ecosystem, thinning of arable land and diminishing soil and water resources has led us to the inevitable challenge of food insecurity and resource management. The paper advocates the need to improve the government interventions for sustainable agricultural development, by making it more participatory in its design and implementation, blending the traditional local knowledge with reference to their opportunities or constraints to bridge the transitional lag. Moreover, the extension services must engage with and seep into the community, focusing group development instead of marginalized individualistic approaches by proper administration and monitoring. The study was conducted in the villages of Ghora Gali, and Arukas, District Rawalpindi using a blend of both qualitative and quantitative techniques, by drawing a sample of 200.

Anthropology is the most intimate humanistic explanation of human diversity as regards various small and large scales societies of the world. Anthropology aims to provide modern human civilization with understandable accounts of how human diversity that are not rooted in racial discrimination rather to bring us an opportunity to seek underlying rationalities and intellects associated with various historical, environmental, ecological, geographical, demographical, social, political and cultural compartmentalization and assortments.

Indigenous knowledge system (IKS) is dealt on several levels, first as a means for sustainable and self reliant development, second as an alternate source of overcoming the current evils of modern world, third to preserve their own cultural individuality which has long been threatened by the capitalist ethos. Historical evidence reveals that all
nations who prospered consulted their own wisdoms, their cultural
strengths and their indigenous resources. This essay evaluates the
development efforts in the Indus valley of Pakistan to find out the
faulty vision along with over ambitious mission statements. Rethinking development from IKS has somehow proved to be essentially imperative development solution. Real development would
be the process in which people would take a lead in determining their
on-coming trends of life. The agricultural community has to start
thinking of going back to the rich cultural heritage and contributing to world’s knowledge repertoire. It is concluded that sustainable
agricultural development requires; optimal use of local resources and
the meeting of basic needs, development of related indigenous
manpower and human resources, and development of grass-roots
institutions and participation along path of national development.

The study focused on the development of alternative protocol for isolating oil from pili (Canarium ovatum) pulp. It looked into essential aspects of pili pulp oil isolation by investigating existing protocol being employed by pili processors such as the traditional method, DOST recommended methods, and enzymatic extraction. Determining an alternative oil isolation protocol was conducted employing description matrix analysis based on the features of each of the existing protocol. The proposed Ramirez Alternative Protocol RPOIM (Ramirez Pili Oil Isolation Method) consists of three major processes such as extraction and fractionation, oil isolation, and oil recovery. Fermentation of pulp for 1-2 days after mechanized mixing and after extraction is a distinct feature of the newly developed method. It was pilot tested using pili pulp samples from Bicol pili varieties obtained from the Department of Agriculture Regional Office V. Results confirmed the presence of oil in pili pulp as indicated by the data obtained on the percent oil yield of the samples tested such as 35.5% for Goa variety, 11.3% for Lanuza, 3.31% for Penafrancia, 9.76% for Magnaye and 25.2% for Laysa. It likewise revealed the potential of the RPOIM as alternative protocol to be used in pili pulp oil isolation.

Indigenous  knowledge  system  (IKS)  is  dealt  on  several  levels,
first as a means for sustainable and self reliant development, second as an  alternate  source  of  overcoming  the  current  evils  of  modern  world, third to preserve their own cultural individuality which has long been threatened by the capitalist ethos. Historical evidence reveals that all nations  who  prospered  consulted  their  own  wisdoms,  their  cultural strengths  and  their  indigenous  resources.  This  essay  evaluates  the development  efforts  in  the  Indus  valley  of  Pakistan  to find  out  the faulty  vision  along  with  over  ambitious  mission  statements. Rethinking  development  from  IKS  has  somehow  proved  to  be essentially  imperative  development  solution.  Real  development  would be the process in which people would take a lead in-determining their on-coming  trends  of  life.  The  agricultural  community  has  to  start thinking of going back to the rich cultural heritage and contributing to world’s  knowledge  repertoire.  It  is  concluded  that  sustainable agricultural development requires; optimal use of local resources and the  meeting  of  basic  needs,  development  of  related  indigenous manpower  and  human  resources,  and  development  of  grass-roots institutions and participation along path of national development.

Chemical data for a small number of potsherds and the clays from which they were made is presented. The sherds closely resemble the clays in composition and although the sherds came from unused vessels, it does satisfy the assumption made in provenance studies that clays and their fired products can be chemically matched. Note: Table 1 printed with errors: see corrected table elsewhere on this site.