Hydrothermal Vent

A novel species in the genus Candida was obtained from deep-sea hydrothermal fields on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Strains Mo39, MARY089 and CBS 5307, respectively, isolated from an unidentified deep-sea coral collected near Rainbow hydrothermal vent, from water samples near Menez Gwen hydrothermal field and from the stomach of a marine fish are considered as a novel taxon. Sequence similarities in the D1/D2 region of the 26S rRNA gene indicated that strains Mo39, MARY089 and CBS 5307 have for closest neighbors Candida spencermartinsiae, Candida taylorii, Candida atmosphaerica and Candida atlantica. The strains, respectively, differ from C. spencermartinsiae, C. taylorii, C. atmosphaerica andCandida atlantica by 4, 4.3, 4.3 and 4.7% in the D1/D2 domain. Strains Mo39, MARY089 and CBS 5307 were differentiated from others by differences in the ability to assimilate d-Gluconate and in the ability to grow at relatively high temperature. Only strain Mo39 displays an optimal growth at 3% sea salts, indicating that this strain is clearly adapted to live in marine conditions. Sequence similarities between strains Mo39, MARY089 and CBS 5307 and related species and differences in the ability to utilize specific carbon compounds revealed that these strains represent a hitherto unknown species. Sexual reproduction was not observed in strains Mo39, MARY089 and CBS 5307. An anamorphic name Candida oceani sp. nov. is proposed for the type strain Mo39T (= CBS 11857T = DSM 23777T) and the two other strains MARY089 and CBS 5307. To our knowledge, this is the first description of a micro-eukaryotic organism including a strain isolated from a deep-sea coral near a hydrothermal ecosystem.

The discovery of hydrothermal vents at oceanic ridge crests and the appreciation of their importance in the element balance of the oceans is one of the main recent advances in marine geochemistry 1 . It is likely that vents were present in the oceans of the primitive Earth because the ...

The present article reviews studies of the past 15 years of active and inactive hydrothermal vents. The focus of the discussion is on the ecology of the biological communities inhabiting hydrothermal vents. These communities exhibit high densities and biomass, low species diversity, rapid growth rates, and high metabolic rates. The authors attempt to relate the biology of hydrothermal vent systems

... Sandy, MR, and Campbell, KA, 1994, A new rhyn-chonellid genus from Tithonian (Upper Jurassic) cold seep deposits of California and its ... Tivey, MK, and McDuff, RE, 1990, Mineral precip-itation in the walls of black smoker chimneys; a quantitative model of transport and ...

The composition and distribution of macro‐ and meiobenthos, and the morphology of dominant mollusc species were studied in zones of shallow‐water gasohydrothermal vents in the Bay of Plenty, New Zealand: near Whale and White Islands and in the area of underwater gasohydrothermal activity “Calypso”. Near gasohydrothermal vents of McEwans Bay (Whale Island) we found bacterial, algobacterial, and diatom mats with low rates of oxygen consumption. On the silty sand bottom of this bay, dense populations of the bivalve Tawera spissa and the gastropod Cominella adspersa were found. The abundance of meiofauna increased closer to the vents, nematodes being dominant. The “Calypso” area and the volcanic depression near Whale Island are characterised by intensive methane seepage: here we found the pogonophore Siboglinum sp., in the volcanic depression at a silt temperature of 65°C. The abundance and diversity of bottom fauna decreased with an increase of bottom temperature. Overall, the composition of bottom fauna in the zones of volcanic activity was similar to that beyond these zones. Only in the zones of gasohydrothermal vents were stilbonematine nematodes and pogonophores found.

The ‘scaly-foot gastropod’ is widely recognized as an iconic species of deep-sea hydrothermal vent ecosystems in the Indian Ocean. Uniquely among gastropods, this species carries hundreds of dermal sclerites on its foot and these scales can be covered in iron sulphide that also covers its shell, making it the only extant metazoan known to utilize iron sulphide as part of its skeleton. It has not been formally named, despite attracting great attention from both scientists and the general public alike, although a manuscript name has occasionally been used in various sources. The RRS James Cook JC67 expedition in 2011 sampled the biota of the Longqi vent field (37°47.027′S, 49°38.963′E), Southwest Indian Ridge, for the first time, revealing a previously unknown population of the ‘scaly-foot gastropod’. The present study gives a formal name to the ‘scaly-foot gastropod’, Chrysomallon squamiferum n. gen., n. sp. with Longqi vent field as the type locality. The erection of the new monotypic genus is supported by both morphological and molecular characterization, differentiating it from existing genera of the family Peltospiridae. Analysis of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene reveals a 24–26% pairwise distance between Chrysomallon and five other genera of Peltospiridae, while the range among those five genera is 14–25%. The new genus is placed in the family Peltospiridae based on morphological characteristics, including lack of sexual dimorphism, no copulatory organ, the distal end of marginal teeth being subdivided into many denticles and the ventral margin of the gill leaflets carrying a series of bulges. A five-gene Bayesian phylogenetic reconstruction does not contradict the placement within Peltospiridae.