Entrances

Many archaeologists have solved the very complicated issue of the importance of prehistoric circular enclosures designated of one to six pointed-base ditches. Palisades were within or outside of these. We documented that the ditches also surrounded banks. Several entrances (causeways) have led to the inner. Most of the rondels have four entrances directed  in accordance with important astronomical dates in the calendar year, most probably in compliance with the sunrise on the date of the vernal equinox. Some rondels, however, could also be directed at sunrise on solstices. The orientation entrances into rondels but may be modified based on the relief of the local landscape. This is particularly true of the ridges of hills and mountains on the eastern horizon of the rondel, which could "delay" sunrises of the equinox or, at the time of the solstice. We don´t exclude that the other rondels could also have directed their entrances to the moon and to significantly shining stars or constellations. Rondels could have multifunctional uses. We assume that rondels could also take place during the celebration of important dates associated with the cult of fertility and fruitfulness of the Neolithic farmers as a prayer for rich crop. It could be the data of ploughing and the sowing of grain in the spring, the harvest times, or the times of the solstice. These were important time limits of agricultural works, cyclically repeated in each year. Neolithic farmers could divide the year by these rituals into sub-stages.

The entrance to a building is both a literal and metaphorical device.  While an entrance defined most narrowly is actually a void or space without any designed elements, it can more broadly be defined as the entire architectural composition surrounding the empty space that is the literal entrance.  So an entrance can be a door case (like a picture frame), a portico, or even an entire facade or elevation. Literally, an entrance is a portal that provides access to a building. Metaphorically, the entrance is a link between the world outside an architectural composition and the designed microcosm within.  As the first part of a building one sees on entering, the entrance can represent the design philosophy of an entire building.
    This exhibition explores the history and evolution of the entrance in Western architecture, with particular emphasis on the classical tradition and the modern movement.  These two traditions offer many convergent and divergent ideas and design solutions to the problem of making an entrance.  A closer look at this one element in architectural design sheds light on broader issues of the history of architecture and the philosophy of design, as well as elucidating some important themes in the cultural history of the Western world.

The contribution analyzes the routes of the three main subways of Rome with the aim of representing in a simplified way the fundamental cultural values for their recognition within the city.
The knowledge of these non-places, spaces built for a specific purpose of transport and transit, cannot ignore the relationship created between the individuals who frequent them and must be addressed by examining both the tangible and intangible aspects to which they refer.The term non-place, introduced in 1992 by the French anthropologist Marc Augé, concerns the spaces in which numerous individuals meet quickly without entering into a relationship, driven by the desire to accelerate the daily stages. Non-places are spaces that focus on the present and are significant in our age characterized by precariousness, provisionality, passage, and strong individualism.
The study’s primary research reference, still in progress, addresses numerous issues related to the topic, but this contribution focuses mainly on the knowledge of the accesses to the Roman underground and on the problem that concerns their urban recognition through drawing experiments and visual representations.
The design contributes to orientation and participates in the processes of enhancing the city; the understanding of the underground transport system by the users, be they citizens or tourists, must be simple and expressed with sensitivity and clarity.
The goal is to explore simplified languages and representations that can be grasped quickly and intuitively.

Salama, A. M. (2001). Metaphorical Entrances: Between Visual Pleasure and Meaning (English and Arabic). Medina Magazine, Issue 18, Medina Publishing, British Virgin Islands, PP. 54-58.

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