EPR

L’articolo si propone di analizzare dal punto di vista giuridico il concetto di economia circolare. Si descrive l’evoluzione del concetto nel diritto europeo (settimo programma di azione ambientale; primo pacchetto sull’economia circolare del 2014; secondo pacchetto del 2015). Si propone l’idea che l’elemento caratterizzante dell’economia circolare sia quello di interconnessione o di sistema. Si provano a ricostruire secondo questa prospettiva le fasi dell’economia circolare in relazione alla produzione di prodotti di consumo (progettazione, specifiche tecniche; certificazione) e il ruolo del potere pubblico (incentivi, tasse e divieti). Si evidenzia che gli appalti verdi possano costituire un importante banco di prova per l’economia circolare.

Il contributo si propone di esaminare come il principio della responsabilità estesa del produttore (EPR) venga declinato nel nostro paese, con particolare riferimento alla gestione degli imballaggi (sistema consortile CONAI e relativi consorzi di filiera per singoli materiali; sistemi autonomi alternativi al CONAI) e di mettere in luce importanti disallineamenti tra la normativa e la prassi nazionale, da un lato, e la ragion d’essere e l’essenza stessa dell’EPR, dall’altro.

Ligand H4Sar((AP/AP)) contained two terminal amidophenolate units that were connected by a disulfane bridge. The ligand reacted with VOSO4·5H2O in the presence of Et3N under air and provided a mononuclear octahedral oxidovanadium complex (1). X-ray crystal structure analysis of complex 1 revealed that the oxidation state of the V ion was V and the VO(3+) unit was coordinated to an iminosemiquinone radical anion. An isotopic signal at g = 1.998 in the X-band electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrum and the solution magnetic moment μeff = 1.98 μB at 298 K also supported the composition. The formation of complex 1 preceded through the initial generation of a diamagnetic VO(2+)-iminoisemiquinone species, as established by time-dependent UV-vis-near-IR (NIR), X-band EPR, and density functional theory studies. The UV-vis-NIR spectrum of complex 1 consisted of four ligand-to-metal charge-transfer transitions in the visible region, while an intervalence ligand-to-ligand charge transfe...

Abstract—in this paper, a novel classification of evolutionary algorithms has been addressed from the literature available on its various developments. Evolutionary algorithms have been widely used in PID controller tuning for disturbance rejection, in robot and antenna design and in 3D reconstruction problems. Moreover, multi-objective functions are developed in evolutionary algorithms to solve some real-time optimization problems. These applications using evolutionary algorithms have been classified and discussed vividly in this paper. This paper also presents the various components of evolutionary algorithms too. Index Terms-Dynamic multiple objective Evolutionary Algorithm (DMOEA), parent centric recombination operators

100 marble artefacts originating from the Roman villa of Chiragan and now part of the collections of the Musée Saint-Raymond at Toulouse were analysed and include the Herakles reliefs, the mythological tondos, a series of small-scale ideal sculptures and the collection of private and imperial portraits present in the villa. The local marble of St Béat quarried on the Pyrenees was used for the Herakles reliefs, the tondos, and the coeval portraits of the owner of Chiragan and his family, all sculptures stylistically identified as works of Aphrodisian sculptors dated to the end of the 3rd century A.D. by Jean-Charles Balty or to the mid second half of the 4th century A.D. by Marianne Bergmann. Import marbles, mostly Asiatic from Göktepe and Iscehisar (Docimium), were used for nine small-scale artefacts probably imported as finished products. Quite unexpected is the pervasive use of the marble of Göktepe for portraits of the Roman imperial period that were mostly imported from Rome as ...

A number of groups have utilized molecular dynamics (MD) to calculate slow-motional electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra of spin labels attached to biomolecules. Nearly all such calculations have been based on some variant of the trajectory method introduced by Robinson, Slutsky and Auteri (J. Chem. Phys. 1992,96, 2609-2616). Here we present an alternative approach that is specifically adapted to the diffusion operator-based stochastic Liouville equation (SLE) formalism that is also widely used to calculate slow-motional EPR line shapes. Specifically, the method utilizes MD trajectories to derive diffusion parameters such as the rotational diffusion tensor, diffusion tilt angles, and expansion coefficients of the orienting potential, which are then used as direct inputs to the SLE line shape program. This approach leads to a considerable improvement in computational efficiency over trajectory-based methods, particularly for high frequency, high field EPR. It also provides a basis for deconvoluting the effects of local spin label motion and overall motion of the labeled molecule or domain: once the local motion has been characterized by this approach, the label diffusion parameters may be used in conjunction with line shape analysis at lower EPR frequencies to characterize global motions. The method is validated by comparison of the MD predicted line shapes to experimental high frequency (250 GHz) EPR spectra.

EPR correlations exist and can be observed independently of any a priori given frame of reference. We can even construct a frame of reference that is based on these correlations. This observation-based frame of reference is equivalent to the customary a priori given frame of reference of the laboratory when describing real EPR experiments. J.S. Bell has argued that local hidden parameter theories that reproduce the predictions of Quantum Mechanics cannot exist, but the counterfactual reasoning leading to Bell's conclusion is physically meaningless if the frame of reference that is based on EPR-correlations is accepted as the backdrop for EPR-type experiments. The refutal of Bell's proof opens up for the construction of a viable hidden parameter theory. A model of a spin h/2 particle in terms of a non-flat metric of space-time is shown to be able to reproduce the predictions of quantum mechanics in the Bohm-Aharonov version of the EPR experiment, without introducing non-locality.