Critical Discouse Analysis

The critical turn arrived in the field of applied linguistics in the late 1990s and early 2000s, and the field has since witnessed a burgeoning body of literature drawing on a variety of analytical frameworks and methodological approaches that are loosely labeled as critical discourse analysis (CDA). A methodological review of the role of CDA in the field is thus timely both to provide signposts for researchers wishing to draw on CDA methods in applied linguistics research and to provide some theoretical and methodological resources to evaluate the rapidly growing body of CDA-oriented applied linguistics research. Unlike some methodological tools, such as corpus analytic tools that can be inserted into a diverse range of theoretical frameworks (e.g., positivist studies, interpretive studies, critical studies), CDA cannot be applied divorced from its paradigmatic theories, as it is closely related to a specific set of social theories about the nature of language, literacy, identity, social practice, and the social world. CDA methods thus cannot be applied without also a concomitant commitment to CDA’s theoretical orientations. In this review, the theoretical commitments as well as the classic methods of CDA will first be discussed and then the major areas in which CDA researchers typically conduct their studies are outlined together with a review of the variety of methodological approaches used in these different areas. The strengths as well as the limitations of these approaches will be discussed with examples of recent studies using CDA in the field of applied linguistics. The article will conclude with some suggestions for future directions of CDA methodological development.

30 Eylül 1922’de Toronto Star gazetesinden genç bir muhabir hem Türk
Kurtuluş savaşını hem de Türk Yunan savaşlarını (1920-1922) sonuçları ile
gözlemleyip anlatmak üzere İstanbul’a gelmiştir. 30 Eylül 1922 tarihli İngilizler
İstanbul’u Kurtarabilir adlı yazı ile bu göreve başlamış ve 14 Kasım 1922’de son
yazısını olan Trakyalı Göçmenler’i yazmıştır. Daha sonralarda dünyanın en
önemli savaş yazarları arasına girecek bu genç adam bahsi geçen savaşları
içeren yirmi makale kaleme almıştır. Ernest Hemingway sadece yeni kurulan Türk
ordusundan bahsetmekle kalmayıp, komutanı Mustafa Kemal’e de değinmiştir
fakat yorumları ve betimlemeleri kendi dini ve Batılı ajandası doğrultusunda son
derece taraflıdır. Bu betimlemeleri yaparken kullandığı artistik üslub ve kelime
seçimi son derece sert olmakla beraber Türklere karşı oldukça önyargılıdır. Bu
yüzden bu çalışmanın amacı Norman Fairclough’un söylem çözümlemesini
kullanarak bu yirmi makaleyi analiz edip arka planında bulunan politik ve ideolojik
amaçları ortaya koymaktır.

The Portrayal of an Army – A Discourse Analysis of Hemingway’s
Articles on the Greco-Turkish War and Turkish Independence War
On September 30, 1922, a young journalist from Toronto Star
newspaper arrived in Constantinople to observe and write about both the
Greco-Turkish War (1920-1922) with its consequences and Turkish National Struggle.
Starting with “British Can Save Constantinople" dated September 30, 1922, to his
last article, "Refugees from Thrace" dated November 14, 1922. This young man,
later to be recognized as one of the greatest war novelists of all times, wrote a total
of twenty articles about the wars mentioned. Earnest Hemingway not only wrote
about the wars but also newly established Turkish army -National Forces- and its
commander Mustafa Kemal, yet his comments and depictions were full of bias in
line with his religion and Western agenda. His artistic style and choice of
vocabulary while making these depictions were hash and disturbing and suggests
his prejudice against Turks. Therefore, the aim of this research is to make
discourse analysis of these twenty articles in accordance with Norman Fairclough's
Critical Discourse Analysis to reveal his hidden political and ideological aims.
Key Words: Earnest Hemingway, Turkish Army, National Struggle, Political and
Ideological Discourse

English as a global language has been used widely in various communication modes. The communication in the automotive industry is highly characterized as technical therefore, it possesses certain features that may be exclusive to its communication type. Since today’s time veers on amalgamating World Englishes, this discourse analysis study investigates the stylistic features of Philippine English and Singaporean English. Three pairs of automotive review articles written by Filipino and Singaporean writers were subjected to compare and contrast the stylistic features of these two English varieties. The findings reveal that Philippine English and Singaporean English used in automotive communication are similar in terms of register, grammatical feature, and writer’s style. On the other hand, the two varieties differ in terms of article contents and conventions. The study has implications in the creation of curriculum in automotive engineering that emphasizes both technology teaching and language teaching.

ین مقاله بر آن است تا با استفاده از نظریه گفتمان لاکلا و موف که چارچوبی برای تحلیل نظام گفتمانی سیاسی - اجتماعی است نشان دهد که چگونه نظام گفتمانی حاکم بر یک جامعه محصولات فرهنگی ای مانند فیلمهای سینمایی را تولید می کند و بدان واسطه در واقع به باز تولید خود در جامعه می پردازد. در این راستا، بخشهایی از فیلم سینمایی «پارتی» ساخته سامان مقدم به عنوان نمونه مد نظر قرار گرفته است و این سوالات مطرح شده است که این فیلم در چه گفتمان اجتماعی ای تولید شده و چگونه این فضای گفتمانی در فیلم بازنمایی شده است. در نهایت، با استفاده از نظریه گفتمان لاکلا و موف فضای گفتمانی حاکمی که فیلم را تولید کرده است و چگونگی بازنمایی این فضا در فیلم مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. به طور کلی هدف از مقاله این است که نشان دهد چگونه نظریه گفتمان می تواند برای تحلیل پدیده های اجتماعی و محصولات فرهنگی به کار گرفته شود.

Öz Bu çalışmanın amacı herhangi bir söylem parçasını psikanalitik bir yaklaşımla incelemektir. Bu amaçla aşk ve ideoloji temel içgüdülerle ilişkilendirilerek, bunların insan zihnindeki yeri ile sözlü ve yazılı ifadelerdeki dışavurumları incelendi ve söylem psikanalitik bir çözümlemeye tabi tutuldu. Bunu yaparken asıl amacımız eleştirel söylem çözümlemesini mümkün olduğunca öznel değerlendirmelerden arındırıp eleştirileri kuramsal temellere oturtmaktır. Bu bağlamda sevisel veya ideolojik söylem içerisinde yer alan dilsel göstergeler haz, korku, sevi, yıkım, bastırım ve dışavurum gibi psikanalitik olgular açısından değerlendirilmiştir. Bu çalışma ile aşk, ideoloji ve zihinsel katmanlar arasındaki ilişkiyi dışa vuran söylemsel öğeleri kuramsal dayanaklarıyla ortaya çıkarabilen örnek bir dilbilimsel söylem çözümlemesi modeli ortaya koymayı amaçlıyoruz. Bu bağlamda benlik, üst benlik ve alt benlik işlevleri ile sözlüksel ve işlevsel kategoride yer alan anlambirimler arasında temel içgüdüler, duygular, bastırım ve geri dönüşler şeklinde sınıflandırılan model sözcük dizileri oluşturulmuş ve örnek bir veri sınıflandırma tablosu hazırlanmıştır. Daha sonra söylem içerisinde geçen anlam birimler bu sınıflandırma tablosu göz önüne alınarak çalışmanın amaçlarına göre değerlendirilmiş ve örnek bir veri değerlendirme ölçeği hazırlanmıştır. Bu kuramsal çalışma sonunda ortaya çıkan psikanalitik söylem çözümlemesi modeli ile veri çözümleme ve değerlendirme yöntemi sadece dilbilim alanında değil aynı zamanda sosyoloji, psikoloji, kriminoloji gibi diğer alanlarda da söylem çözümlemesinin önemli bir veri kaynağı olmasına yardımcı olacaktır. Anahtar Kelimeler: ideoloji, aşk, söylem çözümlemesi, psikanaliz, değerlendirme ölçeği

Communicative planning initiatives are being increasingly implemented across both the North and South of the globe. Influenced by Habermas’ theory of communicative rationality, this form of planning concentrates upon consensus building between different signified interest groups. The paper explores how communicative planning in the eastern Caribbean country of St Lucia disciplines people's conduct from the perspectives of Foucault's concept of governmentality and Laclau and Mouffe's theorization of hegemony. Linking the latter to an analysis of Massey's non-bounded conceptualization of the local, it is argued that, as geographers, we may do better to concentrate less upon the deterministic effects of common styles of government and more upon the moments which bring their themes temporarily and spatially into being. In doing so, some initial steps are made toward proposing the concept of space-time-politics, drawing upon Wittgenstein's work on ‘aspect-seeing’. In concluding, I argue that we should not see terms such as ‘consensus’, ‘empowerment’ and ‘the local’ as pre-existing moral justifications for political action, but instead as the product of relations of space-time-politics.

In this article we analyzed the complexity of
investigating social problems through discourses, using
the discourses categories ‘time and space’ of Critical
Discourse Analysis. The discursive context studied
was that of the situation of public transport on the
perspective of the protagonism of bus workers’ protests
in web newspapers headlines. The text’s argumentative
articulation was built from a critical perspective
between AD and Semiotics. The analyzed data are
headlines from web news, collected on the platforms
of the two main newspapers in the city of Brasília. The
results of social research are not intended to generalize
data, as these data are spatially and temporally specific
to a socio-historical situation. This means that the path
of qualitative research is as relevant as the result, in the
sense of offering subsidies for other studies that provoke
critical awareness and social change. This article
analyzed the discourse representation of bus workers’
protests in web newspaper headlines. The focus on the
social situation of public transport in the city of Brasília,
in addition to all social problems (infrastructure, price,
accessibility, violence, among others), is also a discourse
problem.
Keywords: CDA. Discourse Representation. Web
Newspaper. Bus Workers.

In this conference paper,  I presented the deliverable of the  literature review of  risk theories, from the positivist side of the spectrum, through functionalist, anthropological to poststructural and radical constructivist theories, emphasizing the emotional dynamics of risk.  Subsequently,  a pilot research and survey on  two cases
of Food Risk Communication in Greece was analyzed , under a content analysis methodology of  nine Greek newspapers. For the four days period of the  communication crisis pick, our team tested  and validated a visibility indicator,  actors, themes, causality frames, emotional frames, emphasizing on doubt and anxiety indexes.