Crime rate

This publication attempts to create a better understanding of the nature, origins, and evolution of organized crime in Central America by examining the dynamics of organized crime in the three countries of the so-called Northern Triangle—El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras—as well as the broader regional context that links these case studies. The authors investigate the challenge organized crime poses to the state, its institutions, and governability in general.  This publication is part of a series on the sub-regional dynamics  of organized crime, focusing especially on the linkages between Central America, Mexico, and the Andean region as well as the growing insertion of Latin America in global transnational crime networks.

There are nearly thousands of crimes that happen every day. There are many algorithms for calculating an area's crime rate but there is no best algorithm for calculating an area's crime rate, depending on the algorithm's accuracy and time complexity. So, we've taken four unsupervised clustering algorithms K means clustering, agglomerative clustering, gaussian clustering, density-based spatial clustering algorithms to compare them based on the accuracy of the algorithms on a given collection of data to figure out the best algorithm to figure out the crime rate of a given region. This paper essentially presents a comparative study of all four clustering algorithms, and it is found that k means clustering algorithm is the best clustering algorithm for calculating an area's crime rate on the given data set.

Crime rates have a very important place in evaluating social welfare of countries and the factors affecting this is a dynamic issue. Types of crimes can be classified in different categories. For example, categories of crimes according to the Turkish Criminal Code types include treason crimes, crimes against liberty, crimes against the state administration, crimes committed against the courthouse, crimes against public order, crimes against public trust, crimes against public welfare, crimes against public morality and family order, crimes of violence against individuals and properties and cybercrimes. Istanbul is experiencing a high problem in terms of crime rates. The fact that the number of unsolved cases is around 33% reveals the need for an urgent solution to this problem. It is possible to develop a program to slow down this increase and increase people's safety. This program can contribute to make people feel safer and help them have a more protected environment. This program is better suited as a mobile application. This application will both ensure the safety of the people and facilitate the work of law enforcement. As a result of this application, citizens will be able to see the safest and most dangerous neighborhoods with one-click and behave accordingly. This application is primarily intended for visitors of Istanbul in addition to the people who have just moved to the area. The aim of this study is to reduce the crime rate in Turkey starting from Istanbul and provide the safety of the citizens with the help of a mobile application. Therefore, this application targeted crime rates. However, this application can also be extended to other cities and other countries. Numbeo’s API will be used in this application. Numbeo is the world’s largest cost of living database. Numbeo is also a crowd-sourced global database of quality of life information including housing indicators, perceived crime rates, and quality of healthcare, among many other statistics. This study distinguishes from other studies by both raising awareness and taking on social responsibility.

Objectives: The NORDIC model reduces the crime rate.

Methods: The NORDIC model was adapted to crime prevention. The approach was tested in a realistic case study on the crime rates in Sweden.

Results: Governments obtained a tool to monitor, manage, and evaluate criminality. Law enforcement authorities and politicians could also use the tool to redesign the crime policy. The model produced constructed shadow costs to induce economic incentives to reduce the crime rate. The model considered the public's awareness of the crime.

Conclusions: This paper introduced a practical, economic instrument for improved management of the crime rates. The NORDIC model reduces the Swedish crime rates and its danger to health as well as to raise the public's awareness of crime issues.

This article first uses the analytical lenses of crime opportunity, criminal propensity, and routine activity theory to evaluate Wendel et al.'s (2016) plausible and compelling ''more drugs, less crime'' hypothesis, the latest attempt to explain the crime decline that began in the 1990s. The authors' present exposition of the hypothesis is beleaguered by methodological problems that jeopardize the validity of its central claims. An alternative media-consumption hypothesis is then briefly outlined, which suggests that changes in media-consumption patterns beginning in the 1980s were a powerful catalyst for reductions in street crime. Because both hypotheses identify mechanisms that reduce both the opportunities and the propensities to commit crime, they stand out from the majority of crime-decline accounts which are presently oriented toward opportunity almost exclusively. Both hypotheses also happen to subvert conventional wisdom in ironic ways.

The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of covid-19 on economic growth in SADC. Covid-19 has been a challenge and still a challenge in many parts of the world across the globe. As a result of covid-19 many people from all walk of life lost their businesses, their belongings, their jobs, including friends and relatives due the deadly pandemic and Africa was no exemption from all these. As consequences of covid-19 particularly in SADC and beyond many people lost their lives, the unemployment rate has augmented and trading relationship between SADC countries has been limping since the pandemic occurred in March 2020. Therefore, the present study recommends a SADC mitigation covid-19 measure strategies that would enable SADC countries to improve on the spread of covid-19 and strengthen the trading relationship among SADC countries.