Credit Guarantee Schemes

Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) have an important role in the economy of each country. However, most of the SMEs are facing difficulties in accessing finance. Understanding the importance
of SMEs in the economy, the governments established credit guarantee system to support SMEs through the provision of credit guarantee services for SMEs. Credit guarantee system for SMEs are widely used in the world, but also there exist many problems in the management and operations in some countries. This paper analyzes the actual operation of credit guarantee for SMEs in Vietnam. Also, giving the successful experiences were applied in Japan and from the propose measures to improve the performance of the credit guarantee system in Vietnam

ÖZ Küçük ve Orta Büyüklükteki İşletmelerin (KOBİ) geçmişten bu yana karşılaştıkları en temel sorunlarından bir tanesi finansman problemidir. Ölçeklerinin ticari kuruluşlara göre daha küçük olması, dış pazarlara daha yeni açılmaları gibi farklı nedenlerle KOBİ'ler büyüme aşamasında büyük oranlarda kaynak sıkıntısı yaşamaktadırlar. Bu süreçte KOBİ'lerin krediye ulaşmalarını kolaylaştıran ve 1840'lı yıllardan günümüze uygulanan politikalardan bir tanesi de Kredi Garanti Fonu (KGF) uygulamasıdır. KGF kuruluşları ile birlikte, KOBİ'lere bankalara yaptıkları kredi başvuruların-da kurumlar adına teminat sağlanmakta ve bu teminat ile KOBİ'ler finans-mana daha kolay erişebilmektedir. Çalışmanın amacı KGF uygulamasını ve buna yönelik faaliyet gösteren kredi-kefalet kuruluşlarını ve uygulama-larını, farklı ülke uygulamaları altında incelemek ve Türkiye'deki KGF uygulamasını bu ülkelerle karşılaştırmaktır. Çalışmanın sonucunda farklı ülkelerdeki KGF uygulamaları karşısında Türkiye'nin mevcut durum analizi yapılmış, kefalet süreci ve kurumlarla ilgili bazı tespitlerde bulunulmuş, yeni öneriler sunulmuştur. Anahtar Sözcükler: Kredi Garanti Fonu, KOBİ Finansmanı. ABSTRACT One of the most fundamental problems SMEs have faced since the past is the problem of financing. SMEs are experiencing a great deal of financing difficulties during the growth phase, as scales are smaller than commercial establishments, and because they are only recently opened to foreign markets.

This paper focuses on analyzing the operation of credit guarantee system in ASEAN where 3 case studies were selected: Thailand, Indonesia and Malaysia. These are three countries with credit guarantee systems for SMEs which are the most successful in the region. From the
analysis of the characteristics of the credit guarantee system for SMEs of the three countries above, the author gives some experiences for other countries in the region and the world. At the same time, the author proposes some solutions to improve operational efficiency of the credit
guarantee system in ASEAN countries.

Access to finance has become increasingly difficult, particularly for new and service-based industries without tangible assets to use as security. Globally, credit guarantee schemes (CGS) are seen as important instruments to facilitate achievement of national economic goals, as they enable entrepreneurs to gain access to finance for venture creation and development. We reviewed CGS literature between 1990 and early 2011. We discovered largely descriptive studies on the various conditions of the guarantees, and considerable research gaps. The desirability of CGS appears to be assumed whilst measurement of CGS performance provides ambiguous results. We recommend research in a variety of areas including: identification of factors that minimise risk, the impacts of varying risk sharing ratios, unintended CGS consequences, reporting the social dimensions, valuing intangibles, default rates in Asian countries, and collateral in a knowledge based economy.

The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the importance of the credit guarantee system for SMEs and the Hungarian economy as well as the banking system. In this study, the author used quantitative method to evaluate the impact of credit guarantee system for SMEs in reducing financial cost, increasing sales, increasing investment etc, growing of Hungarian economy, and credit operations of banks.

This paper is a in-depth analysis and impact assessment of the credit guarantee system of Hungary. This study focuses mainly
on the practice of Garantiqa Creditguarantee Closed Co. Ltd and evaluates and analyzes the impact of the credit guarantee
on Hungarian economy in providing benefits tosmall and medium sized enterprises (SMEs), which contributes to the economicdevelopment of Hungarythrough providing benefits to the banks. Based on a comparative analysis this study shows a positive impact on the Hungarian economy.

Modificarea reglementărilor privind fondurile de garantare a creditelor (FGC) raportat la sectorul financiar autohton este prezentata in raport cu situaţia actuală a fondurilor de garantare a creditelor din România.
Tratamentul prudenţial al garanţiilor emise în contextul mecanismului de garantare, regimul actual si viitor al garanţiilor FGC din perspectiva cadrului de reglementare a BNR privind provizioanele sunt alte subiecte abordate, la care se adauga regimul garanţiilor emise de FGC din perspectiva determinării cerinţelor de capital.