Compact Fluorescent Lamp (CFL)

This study projects electricity savings, cost-benefit analysis and emission reduction of lighting retrofits in Malaysia residential sector. The cost-benefit is determined as a function of energy savings due to retrofit of more efficient lighting system. The energy savings were calculated based on 25, 50 and 75% of potential retrofits of inefficient lighting in residential sector. The study found that, this strategy save a significant amount of energy and consumers money. However, an effort to create energy efficiency awareness among consumers and subsidies efficient lighting should be identified, because this efficient lighting is quite expensive in Malaysia. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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One of the major electrical load on a utility grid is industrial, street and residential lightings. To enhance the energy efficiency and as a measure of energy conservation, incandescent lamps (IL) are replaced with the modern lights. Replacing incandescent lamps with compact fluorescent lamp (CFL) and fluorescent lamp (FL) is one of the measures taken by the authorities to reduce the energy consumption and enhance energy efficiency. Both the CFLs and LEDs are the sources of harmonics as electronic circuits are used in for their ignition. These harmonic sources adversely affect other loads connected to the same bus. It also affects the grid in terms of high reactive power demand (due to poor power factor), distortion in currents and hence overall degrading the power quality. Power quality measurements such as power factor, voltage and current total harmonic distortion (THD) are done and reported in this paper. Different scenarios are considered with full and partial replacement of incandescent lamps. A comprehensive comparison between incandescent, CFL and LED are made in terms of these power quality measurements. From the result analysis, it is noted that, the CFL consumes less active power than incandescent. But, the THD is considerably higher in CFL than incandescent. While comparing LED and CFL, the power factor of LED is found poor compared to CFL. The simulation and experimental approaches are used in this work.

A number of measurements show the results of the harmonics and conducted emissions from “Energy-Savings” Compact Fluorescent Lamps (CFL) when connected to the power-line communications channel. Different CFL's from different manufacturers were investigated. The paper covers the CENELEC band, as well as the broadband communications channel: 150kHz-30MHz. The obtained results show the levels of harmonics and interference that these types of lamps produce. It shows that CFL's produce interference in the 3kHz-150kHz band, but this pose no risk for PLC. Some CFL's do however produce interference in the 150kHz-30MHz band that can interfere with power-line communications.

Conventional light sources are less efficient as compared to the light emitting diode and compact fluorescent lamps. Conventional incandescent filament lamps are resistive and therefore do not depend on power quality parameters. In the electric power system, nonlinear loads are increasing rapidly and the high content of harmonic due to the nonlinear loads cannot be neglected. Harmonic generation from the light emitting diode and the compact fluorescent lamp is one of the main problems for power quality. In this study, the light efficiency and electrical characteristics of the light emitting diode lamps and compact fluorescent lamps are evaluated under various voltage harmonic levels. The results show that light emitting diode, produces more harmonics as compared to the compact fluorescent lamps, with the increase of the voltage harmonic distortion from 0.7% to 3.52% in the light emitting diode, current harmonic increased from 140% to 192%. The results also show that increase in voltage harmonic distortion just not only increase current harmonics distortion but also affect the light wavelength of the lamp.

One of the major electrical load on a utility grid is industrial, street and residential lightings. To enhance the energy efficiency and as a measure of energy conservation, incandescent lamps (IL) are replaced with the modern lights. Replacing incandescent lamps with compact fluorescent lamp (CFL) and fluorescent lamp (FL) is one of the measures taken by the authorities to reduce the energy consumption and enhance energy efficiency. Both the CFLs and LEDs are the sources of harmonics as electronic circuits are used in for their ignition. These harmonic sources adversely affect other loads connected to the same bus. It also affects the grid in terms of high reactive power demand (due to poor power factor), distortion in currents and hence overall degrading the power quality. Power quality measurements such as power factor, voltage and current total harmonic distortion (THD) are done and reported in this paper. Different scenarios are considered with full and partial replacement of incandescent lamps. A comprehensive comparison between incandescent, CFL and LED are made in terms of these power quality measurements. From the result analysis, it is noted that, the CFL consumes less active power than incandescent. But, the THD is considerably higher in CFL than incandescent. While comparing LED and CFL, the power factor of LED is found poor compared to CFL. The simulation and experimental approaches are used in this work.