Coke

In this paper, the requirement for Coke quality prediction, its role in Blast furnaces, and the model output is explained. By applying method of Artificial Neural Networking (ANN) using back propagation (BP) algorithm, prediction model has been developed to predict CSR. Important blast furnace functions such as permeability, heat exchanging, melting, and reducing capacity are mostly connected to coke quality. Coke quality is further dependent upon coal characterization and coke making process parameters. The ANN model developed is a useful tool for process experts to adjust the control parameters in case of coke quality deviations. The model also makes it possible to predict CSR for new coal blends which are yet to be used in Coke Plant. Input data to the model was structured into 3 modules, for tenure of past 2 years and the incremental models thus developed assists in identifying the group causing the deviation of CSR.

The conversion of ethanol into hydrocarbons, particularly into light olefins, was studied over MCM-22 zeolite in their acid form (HMCM-22) and its derived forms obtained by dealumination with oxalic acid (HMCM-22(OA)) and delamination (HITQ-2). The treatment with oxalic acid did not affect zeolite textural properties but reduced the total density and strength of the acid sites. As to the delamination process, HITQ-2 zeolite presented the highest Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET) specific area, mesopore volume, and external area, but the microporosity was not affected. This sample showed a lower SiO2/Al2O3 ratio than the precursor HMCM-22, resulting in the highest acid site density but with the predominance of acid sites with weak and intermediate strength. Both dealumination and delamination led to an increase in the number of structural defects in the samples. The comparison of the catalytic performance at 500 ºC showed that despite the differences in the acidic and textural proper...

A viable supply of iron is one mainstay of economies throughout the world. Issues associated with the supply and price of iron, which is used to produce steel, play either a direct or indirect role in all modern business operations. There is currently enormous incentive to assure the supply, quality, and price of raw materials used in iron production and that these raw materials are produced in an environmentally friendly manner. One of the major components used in the iron making process is coke. Coke is a solid carbon fuel and carbon source produced from coal that is used to melt and reduce iron ore. Although coke is an absolutely essential part of iron making and foundry processes, currently there is a shortfall of 5.5 million tons of coke per year in the United States. This shortfall has resulted in increased imports and drastic increases in coke prices and market volatility. In addition, historically there have been concerns with emissions from traditional coke production facil...

A series of Ni‐Ce catalysts supported on SBA‐15 has been prepared by co‐impregnation, extensively characterized and evaluated in the carbon dioxide reforming of methane (DRM). The characterization by TEM, XRD and TPR has allowed us to determine the effect of metal loading on metal dispersion. Cerium was found to improve nickel location inside the mesopores of SBA‐15 and to suppress coke formation during the DRM reaction. The analysis by XPS allowed us to associate the high cerium dispersion with the presence of low‐coordinated Ce3+ sites, being main responsible for its promotional effect. A combination of XAS and XPS has permitted us to determine the physicochemical properties of metals under reduction conditions. The low nickel coordination number determined by XAS in N‐Ce doped systems after reduction suggests the generation of very small nickel particles which showed greater catalytic activity and stability in the reaction, and a remarkable resistance to coke formation.

Three mixture of catering waste was pyrolyzed at 650, 725 and 900 °C and the solid residue (coke) was examined for powdered activated carbon production. For this, the carbon content, iodine number, particle size distribution and scanning electron microscopic images were analysed. Based on the carbon content, these cokes are suitable for activated carbon production, which were 60-85 wt.% (depending on the base material and pyrolysis temperature). The studied cokes showed slightly porous structure with smooth surfaces. Because of this, the iodine number was mostly small (13-30). Based on the grinding experiments, 10 minutes of grinding was found to be optimal. After this grinding time, the reached iodine number of powdered activated carbon was 350-610.