Captive

İran ve Libya cephelerinde savaştığı, fakat sonunda müttefikleriyle birlikte yenildiği ve çeşitli yönlerden büyük kayıplar yaşadığı bir savaştır. Bu savaşta yüz binlerce askerimizin şehit ve esir düşmesi bu kayıpların en acısıdır. Savaş esnasında cep-helerde şehit olanlar oralarda defnedilmişlerdir. Düşmana esir düşenler ise; ki en çok İngilizlere sonra Ruslara, Fransızlara, İtalyanlara, Rumenlere ve Yunanlılara esir düşülmüştür, çeşitli esir kamplarına götürülmüş ve birçoğu o kamplarda vefat etmişlerdir. Savaştan sonraki süreçte, başta Lozan Antlaş-ması olmak üzere çeşitli uluslararası antlaşmalara dayanılarak, gerek savaş bölgelerinde gerekse Türk askerlerin götürüldüğü esir kamplarının bulunduğu ülkelerde, yani toplam 26 ülkede 54 adet Türk şehitliği yaptırılmıştır. Bu şehitliklerin 36'sı savaşın geçtiği bölgelerde, 18'i de esir düşen askerlerimizin götürüldükleri esir kamplarının olduğu yerlerdedir. Anahtar
The Ottoman State fought on the Caucasian, Iraqi, Sina-Palestinian-Syrian, Yemen, Hijaz, Suez, Canakkale, Galician, Macedonian, Romanian, Iranian and Libyan frontiers during World War I. However, The Ottoman State and its allies were overwhelmed, and experienced a great loss in this war. To our great sorrow, hundreds of thousands of soldiers were killed and held captive. The martyrs who were killed in the frontiers were buried where they died. Those who were held captive-mostly by the English and the others like the Russian, French, Italian, Romanian and Italian-were taken to captive camps, and passed away there. After the war, based on different international treaties notably Treaty of Lausanne, 54 Turkish Martyrdoms were built in 26 countries where the war took place or Turkish captives were taken to. Of these martyrdoms, 36 are in the areas where the war took place while 18 are in the areas where our soldiers were held captive.

Wild Life documents a nuanced understanding of the wild versus captive divide in species conservation. It also documents the emerging understanding that all forms of wild nature — both in situ (on-site) and ex situ (in captivity) — may need to be managed in perpetuity. Providing a unique window into the high-stakes world of nature conservation, Irus Braverman describes the heroic efforts by conservationists to save wild life. Yet in the shadows of such dedication and persistence in saving the life of species, Wild Life also finds sacrifice and death. Such life and death stories outline the modern struggle to define what conservation should look like at a time when the long-established definitions of nature have collapsed.

Wild Life begins with the plight of a tiny endangered snail, and ends with the rehabilitation of an entire island. Interwoven between its pages are stories about golden lion tamarins in Brazil, black-footed ferrets in the American Plains, Sumatran rhinos in Indonesia, Tasmanian devils in Australia, and many more creatures both human and nonhuman. Braverman draws on interviews with more than one hundred and twenty conservation biologists, zoologists, zoo professionals, government officials, and wildlife managers to explore the various perspectives on in situ and ex situ conservation and the blurring of the lines between them.

Gorilla adaptation has been debated in recent years given the wide variation among diets of gorillas in different habitats. Gorillas are the largest of living primates, have large colons and should be capable of processing tough foods. Preliminary captive studies have suggested that they may well have long aver-age gut retention times relative to smaller hominoids, which should facilitate digestive efficiency in their wild counterparts. Indeed, wild gorillas consume large amounts of fibrous foods as staples or fall-back foods across their range, in response to habitat-related or seasonal changes in fruit availability. Fluctu-ations in diet might be matched by changes in digesta passage and digestibility, with possible selective retention of harder to digest items. We further studied digestive processes via chemical cobalt and chromium markers to track liquid and solids, as they passed through the guts of gorillas at the San Francisco Zoo (SFZ). In addition, we examined the effects o...