CMO

Plant acclimation to stress is associated with profound changes in proteome composition. Since proteins are directly involved in plant stress response, proteomics studies can significantly contribute to unravel the possible relationships between protein abundance and plant stress acclimation. In this review, proteomics studies dealing with plant response to a broad range of abiotic stress factors — cold, heat, drought, waterlogging, salinity, ozone treatment, hypoxia and anoxia, herbicide treatments, inadequate or excessive light conditions, disbalances in mineral nutrition, enhanced concentrations of heavy metals, radioactivity and mechanical wounding are discussed. Most studies have been carried out on model plants Arabidopsis thaliana and rice due to large protein sequence databases available; however, the variety of plant species used for proteomics analyses is rapidly increasing. Protein response pathways shared by different plant species under various stress conditions (glycolytic pathway, enzymes of ascorbate–glutathione cycle, accumulation of LEA proteins) as well as pathways unique to a given stress are discussed. Results from proteomics studies are interpreted with respect to physiological factors determining plant stress response. In conclusion, examples of application of proteomics studies in search for protein markers underlying phenotypic variation in physiological parameters associated with plant stress tolerance are given.

The advent of digital has had a huge impact
on marketing organizations, which must work
harder than ever to keep pace with digital transformation in virtually every sector. Marketing
has always been about attracting and retaining
customers through various communications
channels. Yet today, the easy availability of new,
low-cost technologies has created seismic shifts
across communication mediums. Consumers are
more connected, more informed and increasingly
vocal about their choices and opinions. This sea
change has directly impacted the way marketers
approach their consumers, as well as the way
they run their operations.
This white paper outlines the processes, business
models and technologies that can be employed by
marketing organizations throughout industries
in today’s digitally-intensive business environments. This involves identifying the broad shifts
in the digital landscape, key stakeholders in the
marketing ecosystem, primary focus areas of
CMOs, and the attributes they look for in their
partners. We conclude by highlighting the best
practices that can lead to and sustain success.

Cet article se penche sur un échange en ligne lors duquel des étudiants de Master FLE (futurs enseignants de français) ont fait réaliser une soixantaine de tâches d’apprentissage à distance à des apprenants chypriotes et lettons. Pour un tiers de ces tâches, qui constituent l’objet d’analyse, les étudiants de FLE ont fait appel à des applications du Web 2.0. L’article en propose d’abord une délimitation et une catégorisation. Puis il cherche à comprendre les raisons pour lesquelles ces tâches n’ont pas débouché sur des échanges avec le monde extérieur, ni même, dans certains cas, à une diffusion des productions finales ; il s’oriente pour cela vers la question du ou des destinataire(s) des productions réalisées par les apprenants. This article focuses on an online exchange in which students in a Master FLE (French as a Foreign Language) class (future French language teachers) asked Cypriot and Latvian French-language learners to complete sixty distance-learning tasks. One third of t...