Biocomposting
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Recent papers in Biocomposting
Biopolymer composites for tensile testing were fabricated according to the American Society for Testing Materials, ASTM D638-10, using poly lactic acid (PLA) as the matrix material and varying volume percentage of heat treated and... more
Biopolymer composites for tensile testing were fabricated according to the American Society for Testing Materials, ASTM D638-10, using poly lactic acid (PLA) as the matrix material and varying volume percentage of heat treated and untreated luffa fiber as the reinforcement material. To achieve the composite materials with the highest tensile strength, optimization of the use of hot press machine for fabrication of composite specimens was given high importance. While optimizing the use of hot press machine, various parameters were considered. These parameters included processing temperature, processing time and cooling time. Combinations of varying magnitudes of these parameters were used to find the optimum processing method. The optimized method was then used to produce PLA – luffa composites. The fiber – matrix interface adhesion was studied using scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results show that composites made with heat treated fibers have higher tensile strength and better interfacial adhesion when compared with the tensile strength of composites made with untreated fiber. Heat treated fibers showed a remarkable improvement in the tensile strength of the biocomposites, which may be used for a variety of applications in the orthopedic field.
Em Portugal mais de 50% dos resíduos urbanos biodegradáveis (RUB) acabam em aterros (face aos valores de 1995, relatório anual de resíduos urbanos 2013), misturados com outros contaminantes químicos tornando-se inúteis para utilização... more
Em Portugal mais de 50% dos resíduos urbanos biodegradáveis (RUB) acabam em aterros (face aos valores de 1995, relatório anual de resíduos urbanos 2013), misturados com outros contaminantes químicos tornando-se inúteis para utilização posterior. Apesar das melhorias significativas em 2013, este continua a ser um problema atual que merece a nossa atenção e cuja solução passa pela redução para 35% em 2020, segundo proposta da comunidade europeia (PERSU II - Plano Estratégico para os Resíduos Urbanos).!É neste contexto que se apresenta a investigação e desenvolvimento de um equipamento de vermicompostagem para ambiente doméstico. A pesquisa incide sobre a técnica de vermicompostagem e na utilização de materiais sustentáveis (económica, ambiental e tecnológica) aproveitando as suas propriedades físicas para criar um equipamento que recicla até 11,4% / ano de RUB (produzidos em Portugal continental em 2012) sem comprometer a saúde e conforto dos utilizadores.
Sustainable management of solid waste is desirable to reduce long term handling cost of wastes and to minimize the environmental pollution. University campus should act as a model city to showcase efficient solid waste management ideally... more
Sustainable management of solid waste is desirable to reduce long term handling cost of wastes and to minimize the environmental pollution. University campus should act as a model city to showcase efficient solid waste management ideally towards zero-waste campus. This include effcient 3R practices to minimize the recyclable wastes and conversion of all organic waste into compost. UTM pledged to become a green and sustainable campus since 2011. Small scale food waste recycling has started since 2011. Current project aims to scale up the current practices to at least 10 times (1ton per day) as a pilot trial to enhance the process feasibility. This study aims to establish a feasibility study notably to calculate the cost efficiency of producing compost from food and green wastes produced within UTM campus and the cost reduction for UTM in terms of waste tipping cost and potential saving by replacing chemical fertilizer with the compost produced. The mitigation of greenhouse emission at landfill site would also be calculated using the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) model. Firstly, the project built a composting site with concrete floor and drainage system. The compost piles will be covered with canvas. The process relies on the existing equipments to shred the food and green wastes to be collected from the major cafeterias in UTM. Mixing is conducted manually weekly with parameter measurement including temperature, moisture and pH. Green and food wastes will be mixed at different ratios for optimized results in terms of compost quality and shortened composting period. The composting process will be accelerated by use of microbial inoculants. The quality of the compost will be evaluated throughout the composting process in terms of proximate analysis, C/N ratio, and microbial profiling. The compost will be supplied to the Work Department in UTM to fertilize the landscape in UTM. The efficiency of the compost will be evaluated by physical analysis of the plant growth using the compost produced as compared to that using chemical fertilizer. Comparisons will be made before and after the fertilization using both the compost and chemical fertilizer respectively.
Sodic soils have immense productivity potential, if managed through proper technology interventions. Biocompost is prepared by composting pressmud (a sugar industry byproduct) received from cane juice filtration and spent wash received... more
Sodic soils have immense productivity potential, if managed through proper technology interventions. Biocompost is prepared by composting pressmud (a sugar industry byproduct) received from cane juice filtration and spent wash received from distilleries through microbial aerobic decomposition and can be used to reclaim sodic soils. Field experiments were conducted during the wet season of 2011 and 2012 to study the effect of incorporation of biocompost in sodic soil with four treatments: T1—Control, T2—Biocompost at 2 t ha-1, T3—Biocompost at 4 t ha-1 and T4—Biocompost at 6 t ha-1. The two promising salt tolerant rice varieties preferred by farmers, Narendra usar 3 and NDR 359 were used as test crops, which can produce yields ranging between 2-4 t ha-1 in soil having a pH range of 9.2 to 10.5. Among the different doses of biocompost tested, application of biocompost at 6 t ha-1 registered highest yields, enabled by a higher biomass, ear bearing tiller (EBT), and grain fertility in both varieties. Narendra usar 3 was more responsive to treatments even at lower doses of biocompost than NDR 359, but NDR 359 yielded slightly higher than Narendra usar 3 in all treatments. Soil health was also improved evidently on better fertility and low soil pH and EC at harvest. Thus, biocompost can be considered as a commercially viable, environmentally acceptable and practically enforceable option for improving the crop productivity and soil fertility status.
Program IbM ini bertujuan untuk (1) Membentuk petani mandiri dalam pemenuhan kebutuhan pupuk pada usahatani padi (2) menciptakan teknologi pengolahan limbah organik berbasis sumberdaya lokal (3) Meningkatkan pengetahuan dan kemampuan... more
Program IbM ini bertujuan untuk (1) Membentuk petani mandiri dalam pemenuhan kebutuhan pupuk pada usahatani padi (2) menciptakan teknologi pengolahan limbah organik berbasis sumberdaya lokal (3) Meningkatkan pengetahuan dan kemampuan kelompok tani dalam manajemen produksi pembuatan biokomposer, (4) Meningkatkan kepedulian kelompok tani dalam berusahatani yang memperhatikan prinsip-prinsip pertanian berkelanjutan, (5) Membentuk wirausaha baru yang dapat menambah pendapatan petani. Target dalam program IbM ini antara lain : (1) setiap kelompok tani memiliki wawasan dan pengetahuan tentang teknologi pembuatan biokomposer, (2) setiap kelompok tani mampu mengolah limbah organik (kotoran ternak, bonggol-batang pisang, limbah organik rumah tangga), (3) setiap kelompok tani mampu mengelola usaha biokomposer dengan baik, mengelola dari kebutuhan bahan baku, penjadwalan, dan mengatur kapasitas produksi, (4) setiap kelompok tani memiliki unit instalasi pengolahan biokomposer beserta tempatnya, (5) setiap kelompok tani dapat memanfaatkan mesin pencacah bahan organik, sehingga lebih mudah dalam pemotongan bonggol-batang pisang, sayur atau buah. Metode pendekatan yang dipakai dalam kegiatan ini adalah : (1) Pelatihan pengolahan limbah organik menjadi biokomposer, (2) demo dan pendampingan pembuatan biokomposer bersama-sama dengan kelompok tani, (3) Pelatihan dan pembinaan manajemen produksi,(4) Pelatihan dalam pengelolaan manaj emen keuangan, (5) Pelatihan leadership(kepemimpinan) bagi pengurus, (6) Mengembangkan usaha menjadi usaha baru yang menguntungkan dan (7) Pembuatan instalasi biokomposer MOL bersama-sama dengan seluruh anggota kelompok tani mitra. Hasilnya adalah (1) Sebagian besar anggota kelompok tani (Mitra) berkisar 90% bisa dalam proses pembuatan biokomposer. (2) Sebagian besar anggota kelompok tani (Mitra) berkisar 85% bisa dalam proses manajemen produksi (penjadwalan, pengaturan bahan baku dan kerjasama dalam proses pembuatan biokomposer. (3) Pembuatan instalasi biokomposer di kelompok tani (mitra) sudah selesai 100% dan siap digunakan oleh kelompok tani. (4) Ketua kelompok tani sudah menerapkan pembagian tugas sesuai devisi masing-masing dan mulai membuat administrasi laporan kinerja dan laporan keuangan meskipun masih sederhana.
Kata kunci : kelompok tani, limbah organik, biokomposer, sukorejo
Kata kunci : kelompok tani, limbah organik, biokomposer, sukorejo
Waste generation nowadays is rising in the world and it seems hard to prevent it. Solid Waste Management (SWM) has been a major problem worldwide in most of the fast growing towns and cities among the developing countries all around the... more
Waste generation nowadays is rising in the world and it seems hard to prevent it. Solid Waste Management (SWM) has been a major problem worldwide in most of the fast growing towns and cities among the developing countries all around the world. Food waste and green waste constitute high volumes of municipal solid waste (MSW). The application of compost in the agricultural sector can contribute to sustainable soil health and other co-benefits. The compost produced from biological waste does not contain any chemicals unfavorable to living soil. The objective of this research was to calculate the greenhouse gas emission from the compost processed from the food and green wastes generated on-campus in Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) as a pilot project. The result indicated that the composting process promotes the university as a green campus by converting organic wastes into valuable products such as organic fertilizer.
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