Bermuda

Keywords: Bermuda, Third Culture Kids, Expatriates, Identity, Anthropology, Symbolic Interactionism

This research is based on twelve in-depth interviews conducted in Bermuda, Southampton and on Skype. The subjects are the adult children of expatriates who have spent a significant period of their adolescent years in Bermuda. These individuals are ATCKS, second-generation expatriates since they are the children of parents who have moved abroad from their country of citizenship (Lyttle and Barker, 2011, 686). The focus of this research is on these individuals as adults.
In the last century, we have seen “Third Culture Kids” become more significant within Anthropological enquiry as they come to comprise a global presence. Bermuda’s culture is unique as it is one of the only countries that had no native population before colonisation. I attempt to contribute to empirical studies of ATCKs, especially as very few exist regarding Bermuda.
Through an interactionist lens, this research explores Bermuda’s ATCKs using the following themes: Subculture, migration, globalisation, homelessness, belonging, rootlessness, identity and Bermuda in terms of the expatriate community and the tensions between this community and Bermudians. Case studies of attitudes towards ATCKs in the Caymans are referred to alongside this, in order to test the dominant thought surrounding this subject.
The methodology, conducted from a phenomenological perspective, explains the qualitative paradigm deemed appropriate for accessing informants and retrieving their experiences. Key themes emerge, including Bermudian culture, race, identity, immigration issues and relationships. The results found the following:
• The cohort had mixed views towards island life and Bermudians, with the cohort seeing friendliness, cultural events, climate and opportunities as positive, but tensions between expatriates and Bermudians, the country’s size, gossip and homophobia as negative.
• Race, immigration and accent played a large part in individuals’ affiliation to the expatriate community.
• Draconian immigration laws caused massive dissatisfaction amongst the cohort.
The study concludes by considering how effectively the research objectives have been met and recommendations for further research.

Published on behalf of the Bermuda Race Relations Initiative by The Bermuda Government, Hamilton Bermuda.
Launched by Deputy Premier Paula Cox (acting on behalf of Premier Dr. Ewart Brown) in March 2007, the Bermuda Race Relations Initiative or the “The Big Conversation” was charged to actively pursue an agenda designed to dismantle white supremacy in Bermuda. In March of 2008 the Premier Dr. Brown reemphasized both his personal commitment and that of the Progressive Labour Party Government to this initiative. In 2008 the BRRI’s initial mandate remained constant though the organizational structure of the organization changed to encompass more input from Bermudians.
Following the program handover from the 2007 facilitators – Dr. Bernestine Singley and Dr. Robert Jensen – Mr. Rolfe Commissiong assumed complete leadership over the BRRI in the position of Director. In 2008 the BRRI acquired an Advisory Group which was designed to serve as a “Board of Directors”, offering advice, support and innovative ideas.  Also a committee of volunteers, known as the BRRI Dialogue Group Committee, were tasked with organizing the periodic race dialogues, which were dubbed the “Big Conversation”. The creation of this unit meant that the planning and organization of the monthly panel discussions became the primary domain of the Director, the Assistant Project Manager, Mr. Cordell Riley, and the Research and Programming Consultant, Mr. Theodore Francis.
The BRRI Dialogue Group Committee tackled the smaller conversations between Bermudians away from the lights and camera of the panel discussions. In these spaces, the grand ideas, and speeches of the panellists came face to face with the lived experiences of racism in Bermuda. The ultimate purpose of these dialogues being to encourage understanding between the races in order to help all Bermudians see the need to develop new sets of practices, policies, behaviours and standards to counteract white supremacy and all other forms of racism in Bermuda. The 2008 organizational shifts, positioned the panel discussions to function as the teaching component of the BRRI, while the “Big Conversation” dialogues functioned as the component where real-world solutions and understandings could be developed based on a combination of local experiences and the ideas shared in the panels.

Architectural paint research carried out by the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation in collaboration with the Bermuda National Trust has shed light on how early houses on the island were constructed and finished from the late 17th century to the present. This is the first comprehensive effort to study historic Bermuda architecture through paint analysis, and the findings elucidate uncommon uses for a common finish: limewash. Our research shows that exteriors and interiors were rendered with stucco and plaster made of native limestone and the island's distinctive pink calcareous sand. Limewashes were also applied inside and out, from the ground to the rooftops. Most were unpigmented (white), but earth pigments were added regularly to create a stunning variety of hues from pale pastels to rich reds, oranges, yellows, and browns. Limewashes are inherently brittle and can present significant challenges during sampling and analysis. These can be overcome with careful in situ documentation, collecting and mounting larger samples, and using ultraviolet light and digital enhancements to differentiate between successive layers.

The Bermudian shipbuilding industry was an important part of the local economy, and made a particular international contribution to trade and maritime design during the 18th century. Whilst its importance has long been recognized by historians, little archaeological attention has hitherto been paid to the extant remains. This paper describes archaeological survey of two shipbuilding sites, undertaken in 2004 and 2006. The project found that extensive remains of Bermuda’s important shipbuilding industry survive; future directions for research are outlined.

Historical Perspectives of the Portuguese in the Caribbean by Dr. Joanne Collins-Gonsalves
This paper is an historical analysis of the Portuguese from Madeira, the Azores and Cape Verde Islands in the English-official Caribbean  territories of Guyana, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago, Bermuda, St. Kitts, Grenada and Antigua from the nineteenth century. Grounded in the nineteenth century, this research includes contemporary references and builds on the existing scholarship on the Portuguese in the Caribbean. The paper is presented thematically with a focus on arrivals across the Caribbean, entrepreneurship, inter-country communication and travel, culture, religion, country statistics and historical gastronomical references. Lusophone connections are
explored and assessed in a comparative context.

Highest center of the universe created Earth (solar System) and heaven (galaxies) by unconditioned thought expression or by conditioned thought expression by higher centers (B.B.Bs). Hence laws of physics are made by these two ways of thought expressions. It is called Laws of Nature. But at certain places, highest center of the universe or Creator B.B.B has made Lawlessness i.e. Thoughts of natural laws (Thought of law of Flying or thought of law of Floating) get inhibited. It is time mildness (TM) that triggers this unconditioned thought expressions (lawlessness) at Bermuda triangle leading to sinking effect of ships or crashing effect of aero planes while crossing that Devil's triangle. Hence it is "fed act of God" like triggering of thought of Earthquakes by sun rather than tectonic plate movements.

The 1930s and 40s saw a spike in anti-racist and women’s rights activism in Bermuda. This article explores the relationship between the whitedominated Bermuda Woman’s Suffrage Society (BWSS), its Secretary Gladys Morrell, and the Afro-Bermudian Recorder newspaper under editor David Tucker. Tucker and the Recorder expressed an ideological alliance with the BWSS in the 1930s, citing a shared battle against discrimination. Suffragists also mobilized against reactionary government policies targeting the black community. However, the Society’s failure to take up a broader anti-racist agenda coupled with political opportunism on Tucker’s part – led to a split in the early 1940s. These experiences illustrate both the potential of and difficulties sustaining alliances across race/class/gender lines in a deeply divided society. The tendency of both the Recorder and the BWSS to speak on behalf of (rather than providing a platform for) black women also fuelled the splintering of agendas in these years.

Situated some 600 mi (965 km) east of North Carolina, the island of Bermuda is Britain's oldest surviving colony. While much of the British Empire has been dismantled, Bermuda remains within the Imperial fold, and is today designated a BBritish overseas territory.^ Within this framework, Bermuda's heritage tourism landscape perpetuates an institutionally imposed colonialist narrative that neglects to explore the contributions of the island's under-represented communities. This article explores these issues with respect to the island's tourism plan. It concludes by highlighting new archaeological research centered on the material lives of enslaved Bermudians.

The first detailed study of a hydrographic survey that helped change Bermuda forever. Painstaking research by the author has brought to light the activities of Thomas Hurd, Andrew Evans, Jemmy Darrell and many others. Also included in this attractive volume is a great deal of information relating to the survey and how it was used from the time it was completed in 1800 until the present.

postmedieval, Volume 7, Issue 4, December 2016
Our Sea of Islands: New Approaches to British Insularity in the Late Middle Ages

This is a special issue of 'postmedieval', co-edited by Matthew Boyd Goldie and Sebastian Sobecki

Contents:

About the Cover
Sebastian Sobecki Pages 469-470

Editors’ Introduction
Our seas of islands
Matthew Boyd Goldie, Sebastian Sobecki Pages 471-483

The trouble with Britain
Patricia Clare Ingham Pages 484-496

Britain and the sea of darkness: Islandology in al-Idrīsī’s Nuzhat al-Mushtaq
Christine Chism Pages 497-510

From Pliny to Brexit: Spatial representation of the British Isles
Alfred Hiatt Pages 511-525

Brendan meets Columbus: A more commodious islescape
James L. Smith Pages 526-538

Fictions of the Island: girdling the sea
Lynn Staley Pages 539-550

The Bermuda assemblage: Toward a posthuman globalization
Steve Mentz Pages 551-564

Afterword
Peregrine Horden Pages 565-571

Book Review Essay
Dynamic fluidity and wet ontology: Current work on the archipelagic North Sea
Robert Rouse Pages 572-580

Hepatic microsomes prepared from 10 fish species from Bermuda were studied to establish features of cytochrome P450 (CYP) systems in tropical marine fish. The majority (7/10) of the species had total P450 content between 0.1 and 0.5 nmol/mg, and cytochrome b5 content between 0.025 and 0.25 nmol/mg. Ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase (ECOD) and aminopyrine N-demethylase (APND) rates in these 7 species were 0.23-2.1 nmol/min/mg and 0.5-11 nmol/min/mg, respectively, similar to rates in many temperate fish species. In contrast to those 7 species, sergeant major (Abudefduf saxatilis) and Bermuda chub (Kyphosus sectatrix) had microsomal P450 contents near 1.7 nmol/mg, among the highest values reported in untreated fish, and had greater rates of ECOD, APND, ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) and pentoxyresorufin O-depentylase than did most of the other species. Freshly caught individuals of all species had detectable levels of EROD and aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) activities. Those individ...

Published in The archaeology of contact: Processes and consequences. Proceedings of the twenty-fifth annual conference of the Archaeological Association of the University of Calgary (2002). Edited by Kurtis Lesick, Barbara Kulle, Christine Cluney, and Meghan Peuramaki-Browne. Calgary: The Archaeological Association of the University of Calgary. Pages 294-300.

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

This paper examines the behaviour of one linguistic feature among one black and one white group of Bermudian men over the age of 50. The acoustic analysis of the mouth vowel, one of the most heavily stereotyped sounds of Bermudian English, is used as a window onto linguistic parody observed in the white group, a community of practice known locally for theatrical dialect performance. In combination with contextual analysis, and in light of social conditions in Bermuda, phonetic findings suggest that this linguistic practice is not only a performance of "Bermudian-ness," but also a performance of a racialized stereotype which reflects and reinforces the raciolinguistic hierarchies of contemporary Bermudian society. The paper introduces this under-researched and unusual sociolinguistic setting to the literature on racialized mock language, as well as attesting further to the usefulness of methods that examine highly self-conscious speech.

KEYWORDS: Bermudian English, mock language, MOUTH vowel, performance speech, race, stereotypes

This paper will look to reconstruct Bermuda's whaling past and track the depletion of humpback, sperm, and right whale populations.1 Previous work has analysed the practice of whaling, but little has been done to look at the island's environmental history and marine animals.2 This study of whale population was inspired by Marah Hardt's reconstruction of Jamaica's reef fish levels using a combination of historical, archaeological, and biological research.3 Jackson, et al, published a seminal article in 2001 calling for similar archaeological and historical research in the face of climate change. Since then, more studies have been published (as illustrated in the bibliography) and several important books have echoed the same call and Bermuda should be added to the discussion.

Analysis: The island of Bermuda is well known for its sun and sand, but it also has a littleknown connection to Ireland During the years of the Great Famine, thousands of men, women, and children, many driven to crime by poverty and civil unrest, were sentenced to be transported overseas. For some male convicts, their destination was Bermuda, 3,000 miles from home.

View original article here: https://www.rte.ie/brainstorm/2021/0608/1226956-bermuda-irish-convicts-great-famine/

Several of the EU Member States possess overseas territories lying thousands of kilometres away from Brussels. The application of EU law in such areas can very much differ from the way how this law functions on the European continent. Focusing on the detailed analysis of all the main exceptional statuses enjoyed by the overseas territories of the Member States vis-a-vis the European Union, this article provides an essential outline of the procedural and substantive aspects of the application of European law overseas, drawing on the examples provided by application of European law to the British, Danish, Dutch, Finnish, French, Portuguese and Spanish special territories. Profoundly updating an earlier article which appeared in this Journal before the entry of the Treaty of Lisbon into force and a deep reform of the Dutch and French overseas (Vol. 17, 2008–2009), this contribution contains a brief overview of the key aspects of the field of EU law of the Overseas.

Inadequate staffing of clinical laboratories may compromise quality and throughput, whereas excess staff unnecessarily increases the cost of testing. To measure productivity of technical staff and management span of control in a large number of laboratories and to determine factors associated with favorable staffing ratios. A total of 151 clinical laboratories provided information about technical and management staffing and output (workload) for 4 laboratory sections: anatomic pathology, chemistry/hematology/immunology, microbiology, and transfusion medicine. For each laboratory section, there was wide variation in labor productivity (output per nonmanagement full-time equivalent) and in management span of control (nonmanagement full-time equivalent per manager). Productivity ratios for the 10th- and 90th-percentile laboratories varied more than 3-fold. Except in histology, laboratory sections with higher test volumes had higher labor productivity (P < .001 for cytology, chemistr...