Basalt Fibre

In this modern world, building structures have their own requirements in terms of design and durability. To satisfy this requirement of the structural integrity of each structure, modification of traditional cement concrete has become mandatory. plain concrete (PC) is a fragile material with low tensile strength and may crack under traction. Randomly distributed basalt fibers can bind these cracks and hinder their development. Copper smelting is an industrial by-product obtained during copper slag increase the workability of concrete. Green concrete is concrete which uses waste material as at least one of its components, which does not lead to environmental destruction or it has high performance and life cycle sustainability. This experimental work was conducted on concrete samples containing cut basalt fiber as replacement by weight of cement in concrete and copper slag as a partial replacement of a fine aggregate by copper slag at 10% 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% by weight. The standard cube measure the compressive strength after 7 days, 14 days and 28 days and water absorption test carried out to evaluate the properties for 28 days and durability test
carried out to evaluate properties at 28 and 56 days. Also cost compared to the control mixes of M25 grade.

This paper describes the comparative experimental data on the mechanical properties of Steel and Basalt fibre reinforced self compacting concrete under compression strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength. With Steel and Basalt fibre concrete mix M 25 have been used to cube, cylinder and prism specimens for compressive strength test, flexural strength test and split tensile strength test. The total dosage of fibre are maintained at 1%, 1.2%,1.4% by the volume of fine aggregate. The experimental data demonstrated Steel and Basalt fibre reinforced concrete to be stronger in compression, tensile and flexure in early stages. This paper also present the increase in compressive strength of fibre reinforced concrete by addition of admixture (superplasticizer Master Glenium sky 8587). Specimens were made by the addition of fibres to compare the changes in compressive strength of nominal concrete. Results showed that the hybrid fibre reinforced concrete shows significant enhancement in mechanical properties of Self Compacting Concrete.

Fiber reinforced composites are used in many engineering applications because of their low strength to weight ratio. Delamination is one of the major problems in manufacturing field for using composites as a raw material. In this work, the delamination of basalt fiber reinforced composites was studied with the effect of coolant in drilling operation. The three set of Basalt fiber reinforced composites is prepared by using hand layup techniques with Vetiver and vinyl ester at varying composition. Taguchi design of experiment was used to investigate the effects of drilling parameters such as spindle speed [2500, 2750, 3000 rpm], feed rate (0.2, 0.4, 0.6 mm/rev). A series of experiments based on L9 orthogonal arrays are conducted using CNC machine for both with the coolant and without the coolant and resulting delamination factor was determined. It was observed that speed is highly influencing parameters than feed rate for the delamination of the basalt fiber reinforced composites when the coolants were not employed. The delamination is very less even at the high speed and feed rate when the coolants were employed for all the three varying compositions made.

The paper focuses on design aspects regarding the repair works and the
construction of a new roof in archeologic area. The conceptual approach and the design process for these specific cultural heritage monuments are described. The proposed application allows to clarify the peculiarity of the design process due to the archaeological characteristics of the objects. A case example is presented in Championnet area (Regio VIII
2,1-2-3) in the archaeological site of Pompeii, recognized by UNESCO. The design has been oriented to construct a new roof having a steel structure with a Corian surface, laying on the ancient masonry walls. The design has been developed respecting the principles of restoration for Cultural Heritage and the Italian Construction Code (NCT2008) that is
really restrictive, especially in seismic areas. Innovative restoration  Techniques have been applied in order to achieve safety, to assure material compatibility, to obtain a reversible and distinguishable intervention. The masonry walls have been primarily reinforced by
grout injection and by robes and nets made of basalt fibres. The steel structures have been  laid on the masonry walls through rubber bearing devices that allow a better redistribution of the horizontal forces among the walls. Long steel bars let anchor the steel structure of the roof to the underneath masonry walls (appropriately raised with parts of modern
masonry) in order to assure an efficient behaviour for wind loading. An extensive experimental campaign has allowed to check pre-intervention masonry characteristics, the upgrade status obtained through the intervention, to control the efficiency of the anchoring steel bars, the load capability of the Corian surface of the roof. The paper describes the numerical and experimental analyses to prove the efficiency of the adopted technological and structural system to restore the masonry walls and their loading capacity. The comparison between a traditional design solution and the proposed innovative solution has given the measure of the effectiveness of the use of rubber bearing devices in terms of seismic safety. Experimental testing such as GPR, sonic tests and tomographies, combined with material tests on mortar and natural stones, have been applied before and after repair rehabilitation (grout injections and basalt fibres), these can give useful information on the
effectiveness of the strengthening technique applied. The results could enter in a methodological procedure to identify the best restoration solution, considering that the preservation of archaeological structure is an environmentally and human responsible practice that should combine safety with the principles of restoration.