Annotations

Apart from glosses, illuminations and diagrams, the margins of medieval manuscripts commonly feature annotation symbols – signs that were used to perform routine operations with text or provided a framework for its use. Two annotation symbol certainly familiar to anyone handling a medieval manuscript are the nota monogram, used in the Middle Ages to mark points of interest, and the r-shaped siglum, used to mark passages in need of rechecking because they contained an error or corruption. In this paper, I show that these two annotation symbols originated as elements in a particular package of late antique Christian annotation practices. From humble origins in Late Antiquity, the nota and the require rose to become the dominant forms of annotation symbols in the early medieval Latin West, surpassing in popularity other signs that came into being in the same period and context or which had even older and nobler pedigree. The prestige that the two signs attained by the Carolingian period is not self-explanatory, but rather points to the influence that specific late antique Christian practices had on the early medieval intellectual life.

This article provides an overview of the annotated pre-1200 manuscripts of the Etymologiae of Isidore of Seville and discusses the nature and character of the annotation of this work. It shows that the Etymologiae was annotated principally in the early Middle Ages. The glossing took place in three contexts: in the insular world, perhaps in the aftermath of the arrival of Isidore's encyclopaedia in Ireland; in Carolingian northern France as a result of the introduction of Etym. I (De grammatica) into schools; and by scholarly readers in pre-Carolingian, Carolingian and Ottonian northern Italy. To a lesser extent, the Etymologiae was also annotated in the German area and northern Spain. The three main strains of annotation can be discerned because of their interest in different sections of the Etymologiae and because of distinct patterns of glossing they left behind. The intermixing of the three strains was exceptionally limited. The only region where it is attested is Brittany. The differences between regions and the limited circulation of glosses beyond their region of origin suggest that there existed several distinct reception frameworks for the Etymologiae in the early Middle Ages. The article is accompanied by a list of 45 most important annotated pre-1200 manuscripts of the Etymologiae.

The earliest extant medieval Hebrew Bible manuscripts (late ninth and mid-eleventh) feature several innovations with respect to the Hebrew biblical textual witnesses preserved from earlier periods (the biblical scrolls found in the Qumran caves, third century BCE - first century CE). One of those features is the annotations to the biblical text found in every folio of most of those manuscripts. This article provides a comprehensive overview of these annotations: their main characteristics (location, format, presentation, content), their function, their purpose, and their origin and authorship. To end, a brief state of the art and some ideas for future research are offered.
https://www.gorgiaspress.com/scribal-habits-in-near-eastern-manuscript-tradition

Although there have been a number of fairly recent studies in which researchers have explored the information-seeking and management behaviors of people interacting with musical retrieval systems, there have been very few published studies of the interaction and use behaviors of musicians interacting with their primary information object, the musical score. The ethnographic research reported here seeks to correct this deficiency in the literature. In addition to observing rehearsals and conducting 22 in-depth musician interviews, this research provides in-depth analysis of 25,000 annotations representing 250 parts from 13 complete musical works, made by musicians of all skill levels and performance modes. In addition to producing specific and practical recommendations for digital-library development, this research also provides an augmented annotation framework that will enable more specific study of human-information interaction , both with musical scores, and with more general notational/instructional information objects.

This paper describes the AusTalk corpus, which was designed and created through the Big ASC, a collaborative project with the two main goals of providing a standardised infrastructure for audio-visual recordings in Australia and of producing a large audio-visual corpus of Australian English, with 3 hours of AV recordings for 1000 speakers. We first present the overall project, then describe the corpus itself and its components, the strict data collection protocol with high levels of standardisation and automation, and the processes put in place for quality control. We also discuss the annotation phase of the project, along with its goals and challenges; a major contribution of the project has been to explore procedures for automating annotations and we present our solutions. We conclude with the current status of the corpus and with some examples of research already conducted with this new resource. AusTalk is one of the corpora included in the HCS vLab, which is briefly sketched in...

Digital text is quickly becoming essential to modern daily life. The article you're reading right now is born digital; unlike texts of the not-so-distant past, it may never be printed at all. Worldwide, the trend is clear: Digital text is on the way in, and print is on its way out. Year-by-year, more and more readers are turning to ebooks, internet news, and other forms of ereading, while generation-by-generation, print is becoming less and less relevant.

These trends aren't unique to English-to meet the demands and expectations of today's readers, Tibetan texts, too, are being digitized by many organizations and institutions with a shared appreciation for the Tibetan literary heritage. They include a variety of secular publishers, monastic institutions, and Buddhist foundations, among others. But while these organizations share common goals for common texts, their work is all too frequently completely disconnected from the community at large.

This situation negatively impacts what is already a minoritized and under-resourced language. While competition-from other languages, as well as other publishers in the Tibetan etext world-has been a driver of innovation in the adoption of ereading technology, we believe that a rich, shared data source is not only in everyone's best interest, but the only practical way forward when we consider the time, effort, expertise, and money that quality digitization takes.

That's why we've designed OpenPecha to be a public, open platform for collaborative etext curation and annotation sharing. Its aim is providing a wide range of users with the latest version of the exact "view" of any text they need, while maintaining the integrity of the text and its annotations, and simultaneously allowing for community improvements and additions. In this paper, we explore the details of how the project came to be; what it is and how it works; while also presenting a few common use cases.

—In this paper we present CIA-Store, a new conflict-free replicated data type for scalable collaborative annotating distributed image stores based on Open Annotation Collaboration technologies. This approach aims to reduce the limitations of the traditional collaborative image annotation systems by providing a framework that enables multiple users to perform simultaneous concurrent annotations on shared image files and also provide eventual consistency paradigm. To evaluate the performance of our solution, we ran a series of experiments based on collaborative image annotation traces; the results show that CIA-Store is efficient and scalable. 

(Annotate one of each type listed below.)
9) YA science fiction, fantasy or horror book
10) YA historical fiction published within the last 20 years
11) YA biography
12) Nonfiction YA book
13) YA poetry book
14) YA drama or short story book
15) YA graphic novel
16) YA book that has been made into a movie

Content-based retrieval has become a very popular and also powerful paradigm for searching in multimedia collections, especially in large collections of images. However, such queries require that one or even several reference images are available prior to the start of the search process. These reference images must be close to the final result so that the user can take them to express her information need. If such reference images are not available or if the information need is covered only by parts of the query object, the result usually does not meet the user’s expectation. Therefore, more flexible user interfaces are needed that allow users to sketch a query image by hand drawings and to dynamically select regions of interest from a given query image. In this paper, we present a novel approach to query by sketch where interactive paper and image similarity search are seamlessly combined. It is based on the iPaper/iServer system of ETH Zurich and the ISIS/OSIRIS content-based imag...

Contemporary and later owners and readers of medieval medical manuscripts used the margins and the blank spaces of their books to write notes of diverse nature. Written at different historical periods, these annotations frequently contain information the annotators were willing to store and recall: information which, in most cases, is related to the text where it was copied and conveys a reaction to it. By flagging up a few late medieval instances, this paper will show how, like modern diaries, some of these medieval and post-medieval annotations were intended to act as reminders of personal and/or professional facts the annotators, often medical practitioners, considered valuable and worth keeping close at hand.

Provenance tracking for Linked Data requires the identification of Linked Data resources. Annotating Linked Data on the level of single statements requires the identification of these statements. The concept of a Provenance Context is introduced as the basis for a consistent data model for Linked Data that incorporates current best-practices and creates identity for every published Linked Dataset. A comparison of this model with the Dublin Core Abstract Model is provided to gain further understanding, how Linked Data affects the traditional view on metadata and to what extent our approach could help to mediate. Finally, a linking mechanism based on RDF reification is developed to annotate single statements within a Provenance Context.

<p>The GO terms grouped into Cellular Components that are uniquely enriched in healthy patients (green) and chronic periodontits patients (red). Significantly enriched GO terms in both comparisons are marked yellow. The degree of color saturation of each node is positively correlated with the significance of enrichment of the corresponding GO term. Red arrows stand for relationship between two enriched GO terms, black solid arrows stand for relationship between enriched and unenriched terms.</p

<p>The GO terms assigned to healthy patients (black) and chronic periodontits patients (striped) were grouped into clusters. In general, a similar percentage of genes were found in most categories. The apparently significant difference between the number of genes from healthy patients and chronic periodontitis patients falls into the apoptosis cluster. Differences in demonstrated categories are significant.</p