AMPs

Channel modeling is a fundamental research area in wireless communication due to the complexity of the signal propagation process. To design these new wireless systems, it is essential to use channel models. It plays a crucial role in the investigation of MIMO system capacity. The independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) channel model has been used by researchers to derive the useful bounds of MIMO capacity. The SCM (Spatial Channel Model) is an example of a more realistic channel model. It is a standardized model developed by 3GPP-3GPP2 spatial channel model (SCM) ad-hoc groups (AHG), which are standardization bodies for 3G cellular systems. This model allows us to perform system level simulations and offers three propagation scenarios for investigation: suburban macro-cell, urban macro-cell and urban micro-cell.

Future wireless communication systems will utilize the spatial properties of the wireless channel to improve the spectral efficiency and thus increase capacity. This is realized by deploying multiple antennas at both the transmitter and receiver. Due to the unpredictable nature of the wireless channel, a common approach is to model its effects statistically. A few large world-wide co operations, like the third generation partnership project (3GPP) have developed channel models intended for reference and standardization use. These models are partly based on some bulk parameters that describe the characteristics of the channel over larger areas of several wavelengths. Such parameters include shadow fading, angle spread, and delay spread, etc. In the spatial channel model (SCM) these large-scale parameters are assumed independently between separate links, i.e., channel modelling, propagation between different mobile and base stations. This paper focuses on investigation of MIMO system capacity using the Spatial Channel Model (SCM) and Channel Capacity, Spatial Autocorrelation for different channel environments, proposed by standardization bodies (3GPP-3GPP2) for third generation systems. This SCM offers three environments such as suburban macro-cell, urban macro-cell and urban micro-cell parameters are obtained by using MATLAB 7.12.0.

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) serve as a first line of host defense and represent an important, though poorly understood components of the innate immune system. The present study was an attempt to identify and characterize the major molecules having anti-bacterial activities from the vaginal fluid of rabbit, Oryctologus cuniculus. AMPs from the rabbit vaginal fluid (RVF) were identified in the acid extracts of pooled RVF samples after RP-HPLC purification. The protein, RVFAMP was effective against Gram negative (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and Gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes) bacteria. The results of acid urea-PAGE-gel overlay assay (AU-PAGE-GOA) demonstrated clear zone of growth inhibition of E. coli corresponding to 6 and 15 kDa protein bands. LC–MS data of these proteins indicated that 15 kDa protein consists of lysozyme, lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP), hemoglobin-α and β subunits (Hb-α/β), whereas 9 kDa protein band consists of transthyretin and calcyclin while uteroglobulin and neutrophil antibacterial peptide-5 (NAMP-5) are present in the 6 kDa protein band. Of the eight proteins, Hb-α derived protein was further characterized, as it showed the highest Probability Based Mowse Score (PBMS) of 288. A 25 mer peptide, RVFHbαp was active against several clinical pathogens as demonstrated by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and radial diffusion assays (RDA). The interaction of RVFHbαP with bacterial liposome membrane was assessed by calcein dye leakage assay. RVFHbαP did not show cytotoxicity against human endocervical cells (End1/E6E7) or erythrocytes. RT-PCR and immunofluorescence results revealed the expression of RVFHbαP mRNA and protein in rabbit vaginal tissue. To the best our knowledge, this is the first report describing the detection of AMPs in RVFs. In conclusion, these studies indicated that vaginal epithelial cells (VEC) derived RVFHbαP may have therapeutic potential in the management of reproductive well being of rabbits. The major reason for undertaking this study in rabbits is that, it forms an excellent in vivo model system for human's studies.

The impact of injury-induced immune responses on animal regenerative processes is highly variable, positive or negative depending on the context. This likely reflects the complexity of the innate immune system that behaves as a sentinel in the transition from injury to regeneration. Early-branching invertebrates with high regenerative potential as Hydra provide a unique framework to dissect how injury-induced immune responses impact regeneration. A series of early cellular events likely require an efficient immune response after amputation, as antimicrobial defence, epithelial cell stretching for wound closure, migration of interstitial progenitors toward the wound, cell death, phagocytosis of cell debris, or reconstruction of the extracellular matrix. The analysis of the injury-induced transcriptomic modulations of 2636 genes annotated as immune genes in Hydra identified 43 genes showing an immediate/early pulse regulation in all regenerative contexts examined. These regulations po...