EUROPEAN ORGANISATION FOR NUCLEAR RESEARCH (CERN)
CERN-PH-EP-2012-102
arXiv:1205.2067v1 [hep-ex] 9 May 2012
Submitted to: Physics Letters B
Measurement of the top quark
√ pair production cross section
with ATLAS in pp collisions at s = 7 TeV using final states with
an electron or a muon and a hadronically decaying τ lepton
The ATLAS Collaboration
Abstract
A measurement of the cross section of top quark pair production in proton−proton collisions
recorded with the ATLAS detector at the LHC at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV is reported. The
data sample used corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 2.05 fb−1 . Events with an isolated electron or muon and a τ lepton decaying hadronically are used. In addition, a large missing transverse
momentum and two or more energetic jets are required. At least one of the jets must be identified as
originating from a b quark. The measured cross section, σtt = 186 ± 13 (stat.) ± 20 (syst.) ± 7(lumi.) pb,
is in good agreement with the Standard Model prediction.
Measurement of the top quark pair cross section with ATLAS in pp collisions
√
at s = 7 TeV using final states with an electron or a muon
and a hadronically decaying τ lepton
The ATLAS Collaboration
Abstract
A measurement of the cross section of top quark pair production in proton−proton collisions recorded with the ATLAS detector
at the LHC at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV is reported. The data sample used corresponds to an integrated luminosity of
2.05 fb−1 . Events with an isolated electron or muon and a τ lepton decaying hadronically are used. In addition, a large missing
transverse momentum and two or more energetic jets are required. At least one of the jets must be identified as originating from a b
quark. The measured cross section, σtt = 186 ± 13 (stat.) ± 20 (syst.) ± 7(lumi.) pb, is in good agreement with the Standard Model
prediction.
Keywords: top-quark physics, cross section, lepton+τ
1. Introduction
Measuring the top quark pair (tt) production cross section
(σtt ) in different decay channels is of interest because it can
open a window to physics beyond the Standard Model (SM).
In the SM, the top quark decays with a branching ratio close to
100% into a W boson and a b quark, and tt pairs are identified
by either the hadronic or leptonic decays of the W bosons and
the presence of additional jets. ATLAS has previously used the
single-lepton channel [1], and the dilepton channels including
only electrons and muons [2] to perform cross-section measurements.
The large cross section for tt production at the LHC provides
an opportunity to measure σtt using final states with an electron or a muon and a τ lepton with high precision. The σtt in
this channel has been measured at the Tevatron with 25% precision [6] and recently by the CMS Collaboration at the LHC
with 18% precision [7]. A deviation from σtt measured in other
channels would be an indication of non-Standard Model decays
of the top quark, such as a decay to a charged Higgs (H + ) and
a b quark with H + decaying to a τ lepton and a τ neutrino,
or contributions from non-Standard Model processes [3, 4, 5].
ATLAS has set upper limits on the branching ratio of top quark
decays to an H + bosons decaying to a τ lepton and a neutrino
[8].
This analysis uses 2.05 fb−1 of data collected by ATLAS at
the LHC from pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV
between March and August 2011. After application of kinematic selection criteria that require one top quark to decay via
W → ℓν (where ℓ is either a muon or an electron) and identification of a jet as originating from a b quark (b-tag), the dominant
background to the tt → ℓ + τ + X channels with the τ lepton
decaying hadronically is the tt → ℓ + jets channel in which a
jet is misidentified as a hadronic τ lepton decay. Therefore, τ
Preprint submitted to Elsevier
lepton identification (τ ID) is critical for separating signal and
background. The τ ID methodology employed in this analysis
exploits a multivariate technique to build a discriminant [9].
A boosted decision tree (BDT) algorithm is used [10]. The
number of τ leptons in a sample is extracted by fitting the distributions of BDT outputs to background and signal templates.
The results are checked using an alternative method, referred to
as the “matrix method”, based on a cut on the BDT output.
2. ATLAS Detector
The ATLAS detector [11] at the LHC covers nearly the entire solid angle around the collision point.1 It consists of an
inner tracking detector surrounded by a thin superconducting
solenoid, electromagnetic (EM) and hadronic calorimeters, and
an external muon spectrometer incorporating three large superconducting toroid magnet assemblies. The inner tracking detector provides tracking information in a pseudorapidity range
|η| < 2.5. The liquid-argon (LAr) EM sampling calorimeters
cover a range of |η| < 3.2 with fine granularity. An iron–
scintillator tile calorimeter provides hadronic energy measurements in the central rapidity range (|η| < 1.7). The endcap
and forward regions are instrumented with LAr calorimeters for
both EM and hadronic energy measurements covering |η| < 4.9.
The muon spectrometer provides precise tracking information
in a range of |η| < 2.7.
1 Atlas
uses a right-handed coordinate system with its origin at the nominal
interaction point in the centre of the detector and the z-axis along the beam
pipe. The x-axis points to the centre of the LHC ring, and the y-axis points
upwards. The azimuthal angle φ is measured around the beam axis and the
polar angle θ is the angle from the beam axis. The pseudorapidity is defined
as η = − ln[tan(θ/2)]. The distance ∆R in η − φ space is defined as ∆R =
p
(∆φ)2 + (∆η)2 .
May 10, 2012
ATLAS uses a three-level trigger system to select events. The
level-1 trigger is implemented in hardware using a subset of detector information to reduce the event rate below 75 kHz. This
is followed by two software based-trigger levels, level-2 and
the event filter, which together reduce the event rate to about
300 Hz recorded for analysis.
isolated and have ET > 25 GeV and |ηcluster | < 2.47, excluding the barrel-endcap transition region (1.37 < |ηcluster | < 1.52),
where ET is the transverse energy and ηcluster is the pseudorapidity of the calorimeter energy cluster associated with the candidate.The electron is defined as isolated if the ET deposited in the
calorimeter and not associated with the electron in a cone in η-φ
space of radius ∆R = 0.2 is less than 4 GeV. The muons must
also be isolated and have pT > 20 GeV and |η| < 2.5. For isolated muons, both the corresponding ET and the analogous track
isolation transverse momentum (pT ) must be less than 4 GeV
in a cone of ∆R = 0.3. The track isolation pT is calculated
from the sum of the track transverse momenta for tracks with
pT > 1 GeV around the muon. Jets are reconstructed with the
anti-kt algorithm [22] with a radius parameter R = 0.4, starting
from energy deposits (clusters) in the calorimeter reconstructed
using the scale established for electromagnetic objects. These
jets are then calibrated to the hadronic energy scale using pT and η-dependent correction factors obtained from simulation
[25]. The jet candidates are required to have pT > 25 GeV
and |η| < 2.5. Jets identified as originating from a b quark (btag) by a vertex tagging algorithm are those that pass a decay
length significance cut corresponding to an efficiency of 70%
for b-quark jets from tt events and a 1% efficiency for lightquark and gluon jets [2, 26].
The missing transverse momentum is constructed from the
vector sum of all calorimeter cells with |η| < 4.5, projected
onto the transverse plane. Its magnitude is denoted ETmiss . The
hadronic energy scale is used for the energies of cells associated
with jets; τ candidates are treated as jets. Contributions from
cells associated with electrons employ the electromagnetic energy calibration. Contributions from the pT of muon tracks are
included, removing the contributions of any calorimeter cells
associated with the muon.
3. Simulated Event Samples
Monte Carlo (MC) simulation samples are used to optimise
selection procedures, to calculate the signal acceptance and to
evaluate contributions from some background processes.
For the tt and single top-quark final states, the next-toleading-order (NLO) generator MC@NLO [12] is used with a
top-quark mass of 172.5 GeV and with the NLO parton distribution function (PDF) set CTEQ6.6 [13]. The “diagram removal
scheme” is used to remove overlaps between the single topquark and the tt final states. The tt cross section is normalised
to the prediction of HATHOR (164+11
−16 pb) [14], which employs
an approximate next-to-next-to-leading-order (NNLO) perturbative QCD calculation.
For the background channels, MC samples of W/Z, single
top-quark events and diboson WW, WZ, and ZZ events (all in
association with jets) are used. W+jets events and Z/γ∗ +jets
events (with dilepton invariant mass mℓ+ ℓ− > 40 GeV) are generated by the ALPGEN generator [15] with up to five outgoing
partons from the hard scattering process, in addition to the vector bosons.2 The MLM matching scheme of the ALPGEN
generator is used to remove overlaps between matrix-element
and parton-shower products. Parton evolution and hadronisation is handled by HERWIG [16], as is the generation of diboson events. The leading-order PDF set CTEQ6L is used for all
backgrounds described above.
All samples that use HERWIG for parton shower evolution
and hadronisation rely on JIMMY [17] for the underlying event
model. The τ-lepton decays are handled by TAUOLA [18].
The effect of multiple pp interactions per bunch crossing (“pileup”) is modelled by overlaying simulated minimum bias events
over the original hard-scattering event [19]. MC events are then
reweighted so that the distribution of interactions per crossing
in the MC simulation matches that observed in data. The average number of pile-up events in the sample is 6.3. After event
generation, all samples are processed with the GEANT4 [20]
simulation of the ATLAS detector, the trigger simulation and
are then subject to the same reconstruction algorithms as the
data [21].
4.1. τ Reconstruction and Identification
The reconstruction and identification of hadronically decaying τ leptons proceeds as follows:
1. the τ candidate reconstruction starts by considering each
jet as a τ candidate;
2. energy clusters in the calorimeter associated with the τ
candidate are used to calculate kinematic quantities (such
as ET ) and the associated tracks are found;
3. identification variables are calculated from the tracking
and calorimeter information;
4. these variables are combined into multivariate discriminants and the outputs of the discriminants are used to separate jets and electrons misidentified as τ leptons decaying
hadronically from τ leptons.
4. Data and Event Selection
The event selection uses the same object definition as in the tt
cross-section measurement in the dilepton channel [2] with the
exception of a τ candidate instead of a second electron or muon
candidate and some minor adjustments. The electrons must be
Details are given in Ref. 9. In this analysis the outputs of BDT
discriminants are used.
Reconstructed τ candidates are required to have 20 GeV <
ET < 100 GeV. They must also have |η| < 2.3, and one, two
or three associated tracks. A track is associated with the τ candidate if it has pT > 1 GeV and is inside a cone of ∆R < 0.4
around the jet axis. The associated track with highest pT must
2 The fraction of events with m + − < 40 GeV is estimated to be less than
ℓ ℓ
0.2% of the total after all selections.
2
have pT > 4 GeV. The charge is given by the sum of the charges
of the associated tracks, and is required to be non-zero. The
probability of misidentifying the τ lepton charge sign is about
1%. The charge misidentification rate for muons and electrons
is negligible.
If the τ candidate overlaps with a muon (pT > 4 GeV, no isolation required) or an electron candidate within ∆R(ℓ, τ) < 0.4,
the τ candidate is removed. To remove electrons misidentified
as τ leptons, an additional criterion is used that relies on a BDT
trained to separate τ leptons and electrons (BDTe ) using seven
variables shown to be well modelled by comparing Z → e+ e−
and Z → τ+ τ− events in data and in MC simulation. The variables were chosen after ranking a large set by their effectiveness.3 The most effective variables for BDTe are E/p, the
EM fraction (the ratio of the τ candidate energy measured in
the EM calorimeter to the total τ candidate energy measured in
the calorimeter), and the cluster-based shower width. The BDT
output tends to be near 1 (0) if the τ candidate is a τ lepton
(electron). The τ candidate is required to satisfy BDTe > 0.51;
85% of reconstructed τ leptons decaying hadronically satisfy
that requirement as measured in Z → τ+ τ− events. The additional rejection for electrons is a factor of 60.
The majority of objects reconstructed as τ candidates in a
multi-jet environment are jets misidentified as τ leptons (fake
τ). Another BDT (BDT j ) based on eight variables is used
to separate τ leptons in τ candidates with one track (denoted
τ1 ) from such jets. For candidates with more than one track
(denoted τ3 ) BDT j includes ten variables. The most effective
variables for BDT j are calorimeter and track isolation, clusterbased jet mass, and the fraction of energy within ∆R = 0.1 of
the jet axis. The BDT j distributions are fit with templates for
background and signal to extract the number of τ leptons in
the sample. Details are given in Section 6. The fake τ background in the τ3 sample is significantly higher than in the τ1
sample, leading to very different BDT j distributions. Hence independent measurements are carried out for τ1 and τ3 candidate
events and the results are combined at the end. If there is a τ1
and a τ3 candidate in the event, the τ1 candidate is kept as the
probability that the τ1 is a τ lepton is much higher. If there are
two τ1 or τ3 candidates, both are kept.
• one and only one isolated high-pT muon and no identified
electrons for the µ+τ channel, or one and only one isolated
electron and no isolated muons for the e + τ channel;
• at least one τ candidate (as defined in Section 4.1);
• at least two jets not overlapping with a τ candidate, i.e.
∆R(τ, jet) > 0.4;
• ETmiss > 30 GeV to reduce the multi-jet background, and
the scalar sum of the pT of the leptons (including τ), jets,
and ETmiss must be greater then 200 GeV, to reduce the
W+jets background.
The ℓ + τ samples are divided into events with no jets identified as a b-quark jet (0 b-tag control sample) and those with
at least one such jet (≥ 1 b-tag tt sample). The 0 b-tag sample
is used to estimate the background in the ≥ 1 b-tag tt sample.
Each sample is split into two, one with the τ candidate and ℓ
having the opposite sign charge (OS), and the other one with τ
and ℓ having the same sign charge (SS). While the τ candidates
in the SS samples are almost all fake τ leptons, the OS samples
have a mixture of τ leptons and fake τ leptons. The numbers of
observed and expected events in the above samples are shown
in Table 1. All processes contribute more events to OS than SS
because of the correlation between a leading-quark charge and
the lepton charge, except for the multi-jet channel contribution
which has equal number of OS and SS events within the uncertainties. The ℓ+jets entry includes the contribution from events
with τ leptons when the τ candidate is actually a fake τ. The
τ entries require the reconstructed τ candidate be matched to a
generated τ lepton. The matching criterion is ∆R < 0.1 between
the τ candidate and the observable component of the generated
τ lepton.
To estimate the multi-jet background from data, an event selection identical to the µ + τ (e + τ) event selection except for an
inverted muon (electron) isolation cut is used to obtain a multijet template for the shape of the transverse mass, mT .4 The
normalization of each selected data sample is obtained by fitting
the mT distribution of the selected data samples with the multijet template and the sum of non-multi-jet processes predicted
by MC, allowing the amount of both to float. The uncertainty
on the multi-jet background is estimated to be 30%. However,
because of the subtraction method discussed in Section 5, the
multi-jet background plays no role in the cross-section measurement. There are small differences between the total number
of events predicted and observed which motivate using data as
much as possible to estimate the background.
As one can see from Table 1, the τ leptons are almost all
in the OS sample and come mainly from two sources: Z →
τ+ τ− , which is the dominant source in the sample with 0 btag, and tt → ℓ + τ + X which is the dominant source in the
sample ≥ 1 b-tag. The sources of fake τ leptons are also quite
distinct between the 0 b-tag and the ≥ 1 b-tag samples: the
first is mainly W/Z+jets with small contributions from other
channels, the second is mainly tt.
4.2. Event Selection
For this analysis, events are selected using a single-muon
trigger with a pT threshold of 18 GeV or a single-electron trigger with a pT threshold of 20 GeV, rising to 22 GeV during
periods of high instantaneous luminosity. The offline requirements are based on data quality criteria and optimised using
Monte Carlo simulation:
• a primary vertex with at least five tracks, each with pT >
400 MeV, associated with it;
3 The effectiveness is quantified by quadratically summing over the change
in the purity between the mother and daughter leaves for every node in which
the given variable is used in a decision tree.
4m
3
T
=
q
miss )2 .
ℓ
2
(ETℓ + ETmiss )2 − (pℓx + E miss
x ) − (py + Ey
Table 1: Number of ℓ +τ candidates for Monte Carlo samples and data. tt(ℓ +e) are tt events with one identified lepton and an electron reconstructed as a τ candidate.
tt(ℓ + jets) are tt events with one identified lepton and a jet reconstructed as a τ candidate. ℓ+jets are events with one identified lepton and a jet reconstructed as a τ
candidates from sources other than tt and multi-jets. Sources contributing to jet fakes are W+jets, Z+jets, single top-quark and diboson events. Wt(ℓ + τ) is W + t
production with one W decaying to ℓ and another to τ. Excepting multi-jets the uncertainties are statistical only. MC samples are normalized to the data integrated
luminosity
µ+τ
tt(µ + τ)
tt(µ + e)
tt(µ+jets)
µ+jets
Multi−jets
Wt(µ + τ)
Z → ττ
Total
Data
e+τ
tt(e + τ)
tt(e + e)
tt(e+jets)
e+jets
Multi−jets
Z → ee
Wt(e + τ)
Z → ττ
Total
Data
τ1
0 b-tag
OS
SS
60 ± 2
<1
3± 1
<1
308 ± 4
163 ± 3
5010 ± 70 3020 ± 60
470 ± 140
540 ± 160
7± 1
<1
301 ± 13
2± 1
6160 ± 160 3730 ± 170
5450
3700
τ1
0 b-tag
OS
SS
54 ± 7
1± 1
2± 1
<1
273 ± 17
146 ± 12
3950 ± 60 2590 ± 50
600 ± 180
620 ± 190
92 ± 10
3± 2
7± 3
<1
217 ± 15
2± 1
5190 ± 190 3360 ± 200
5111
3462
≥ 1 b-tag
OS
SS
390 ± 4
2± 1
12 ± 1
1± 1
1528 ± 9
660 ± 6
496 ± 17
297 ± 13
117 ± 35
150 ± 40
18 ± 1
1± 1
16 ± 3
<1
2580 ± 40 1110 ± 40
2472
1332
≥ 1 b-tag
OS
SS
342 ± 19
3± 2
11 ± 3
1± 1
1340 ± 40
599 ± 25
380 ± 20
256 ± 16
170 ± 50
140 ± 40
9± 3
<1
17 ± 4
<1
15 ± 4
<1
2280 ± 70
990 ± 50
2277
1107
5. Background Models
τ3
0 b-tag
OS
SS
17 ± 1
1± 1
1± 1
<1
685 ± 6
443 ± 5
12230 ± 120
8670 ± 90
990 ± 300
1120 ± 340
2± 1
<1
75 ± 7
1± 1
14000 ± 320 10230 ± 350
13322
10193
τ3
0 b-tag
OS
SS
15 ± 4
<1
<1
<1
633 ± 25
399 ± 20
10140 ± 100
7530 ± 90
2000 ± 600
2000 ±600
11 ± 3
2± 1
1± 1
<1
60 ± 7
1± 1
12900 ± 600
9900 ± 600
12102
9635
≥ 1 b-tag
OS
SS
118 ± 3
2± 1
3± 1
<1
3484 ± 13 2000 ± 10
1293 ± 28
928 ± 24
460 ± 140
400 ± 120
5± 1
<1
3± 2
<1
5370 ± 140 3330 ± 120
5703
3683
≥ 1 b-tag
OS
SS
103 ± 10
2± 1
2± 1
<1
3090 ± 60 1780 ± 40
1120 ± 33
841 ± 29
690 ± 210
610 ± 180
<1
<1
5± 2
<1
3± 2
<1
5020 ± 220 3230 ± 180
5033
3192
jets. MC studies indicate that the BDT j distributions of c-quark
jets misidentified as τ leptons are not noticeably different from
those of light-quark jets.
The jet origin can strongly influence the τ-lepton fake probability. Due to their narrow shower width and lower track multiplicity, light-quark jets have a higher probability of faking a τ
lepton than other jet types. Thus the BDT j distributions have
a strong dependence on the jet type. It is therefore crucial to
build a background model which properly reflects the jet composition in order to correctly estimate the fake τ contamination
in the signal region. Deriving this background model from control regions in data rather than MC simulation is preferable in
order to avoid systematic effects related to jet composition in
the MC models.
The gluon component of the fake τ leptons is charge symmetric; therefore it is expected to have the same shape in SS events
as in OS events and should contribute the same number of fake
τ leptons in each sample. The contribution of fake τ leptons
from gluons can be removed by subtracting the distribution of
any quantity for SS events from the corresponding distribution
for OS events. The multi-jet background also cancels, as can
be seen in Table 1. The resulting distributions are labeled OSSS. Similarly, since each sample is expected to have an almost
equal contribution from b-jets and b-jets, the small b-jet component should also be removed by OS-SS (asymmetric single b
production is negligible compared to bb production). The only
jet types remaining in the OS-SS distributions are light-quark
One can construct a background BDT j distribution from the
0 b-tag data sample by subtracting the expected amount of true
τ signal. The signal is mainly from Z → τ+ τ− and can be
reliably predicted from MC. A control sample dominated by
W+jets events is considered as a check. The latter sample is
selected by requiring events with a muon and a τ candidate, no
additional jets, ETmiss > 30 GeV and 40 GeV < mT < 100 GeV.
According to MC simulation, in W+jets events where exactly
one jet is required, 90% of the fake τ leptons are from lightquark jets and 10% from gluons. This sample is labeled W + 1
jet.
The BDT j background shapes for the OS-SS 0 b-tag and ≥ 1
b-tag data samples are not identical to the W +1 jet distributions
for two reasons: (1) the shape depends on the jet multiplicity,
(2) different OS/SS ratios are observed in the samples. The
dependence on the OS/SS ratio comes from the differences in
jet fragmentation for a leading particle with the opposite charge
and the same charge as the initial quark. MC studies of the ratio
of OS-SS BDT j background distributions derived from W + 1
jet and ≥ 1 b-tag show that significant corrections are needed
(30% for BDT j > 0.8, a region dominated by the true τ signal).
For the 0 b-tag sample the corresponding corrections are much
4
OS - SS Events
smaller (5% in the same region). Both the 0 b-tag and the W +
1 jet data samples are used to obtain statistically independent
estimates of the background in the ≥ 1 b-tag sample.
Two different approaches are used for constructing backgrounds in the ≥ 1 b-tag data sample. One, used by the fit
method (Section 6), is to reweight the BDT j distribution of the
background bin-by-bin using the MC-based ratio of the ≥ 1 btag background to the background model. In this case the 0
b-tag sample is preferred as it requires smaller corrections derived from MC simulation; the W + 1 jet is used as a cross
check. The other approach is to split the background into bins
of some variable within which the shapes of BDT j distributions
of the background model are close to those from the ≥ 1 b-tag
background. This approach, used in the Matrix Method cross
check (Section 6.1), avoids using MC corrections, but assumes
the data and MC simulation behave similarly as function of the
binning variable.
1400
1200
0 b-tag data
τ1 simulation
Derived background
Bkg stat. uncertainty
ATLAS
∫ L dt = 2.05 fb
-1
1000
800
600
400
200
OS - SS Events
0
0
2000
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0 b-tag data
τ3 simulation
Derived background
Bkg stat. uncertainty
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
BDTj (τ1)
ATLAS
∫ L dt = 2.05 fb
-1
1500
1000
6. Fits to BDT j Distributions
500
The contribution from tt → ℓ+τ+X signal is derived from the
≥ 1 b-tag data sample by a χ2 fit to the OS−SS BDT j distribution with a background template and a signal template. The parameters of the fit are the amount of background and the amount
of signal. The shapes of the templates are fixed.
Two background templates corrected by MC, as discussed in
Section 5, are used: one derived from 0 b-tag data, the other
from the W + 1 jet data sample. The signal BDT j templates for
0 b-tag and ≥ 1 b-tag are derived from τ leptons in tt and Z →
τ+ τ− MC simulation. Contributions to the BDT j distributions
from electrons passing the BDTe cut cannot be distinguished
from τ leptons so they are treated as part of the signal.
The uncertainty on the background templates is determined
by the numbers of data and MC simulated events. The signal
template for the 0 b-tag control sample also has non-negligible
statistical uncertainty (2% for τ1 , 5% for τ3 ) because of the low
acceptance.
The fitting procedure was tested extensively with MC simulation before applying it to data. In the fits to the ≥ 1 b-tag data,
applying MC corrections to the 0 b-tag background template increases the statistical uncertainty but raises the measured cross
section by only 1%.
Figure 1 shows the BDT j (OS-SS) distributions of ℓ+τ events
with 0 b-tag and the 0 b-tag background template after subtracting the expected number of τ leptons and applying the MC corrections. The τ signal is mostly Z → τ+ τ− events with a small
contamination of electrons faking τ leptons (from tt → ℓ +e+ X
and Z → e+ e− ) and a small contribution from tt → ℓ + τ + X.
The uncertainty on the background template includes the statistical uncertainty of the correction, the statistical uncertainty
from MC and the 0 b-tag data uncertainty.
Figure 2 shows the result of the fit to the ≥ 1 b-tag samples.
The τ lepton signal is mostly tt → ℓ+τ+X with a small contamination of misidentified electrons (estimated by applying fake
probabilities derived from data), and small contributions from
Z → τ+ τ− events and single top-quark events (estimated from
0
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
BDTj (τ3)
Figure 1: BDT j (OS-SS) distributions of ℓ + τ (e and µ combined) events in the
0 b-tag data (black points). The expected contributions from τ and e are shown
as a solid red line. The derived background templates are shown as dashed
histogram with shaded/blue statistical uncertainty bands. The shapes of these
background templates are used for the fits to the ≥ 1 b-tag distributions after
applying MC corrections. Top is for τ1 , bottom for τ3 .
MC simulation). These contributions are subtracted from the
number of signal events before calculating the cross section.
The fit results using the background templates derived from 0
b-tag data and W + 1 jet data are shown in Table 2. The results
are consistent with each other within the statistical uncertainties
of the background templates. The BDT j distributions for τ1 and
τ3 are fitted separately. The combined ℓ + τi results are obtained
by fitting the sum of the distributions. After adding ℓ + τ1 and
ℓ + τ3 signals obtained from a χ2 fit to the combined e + τ and
µ + τ distributions and subtracting the small contributions to the
signal from Z → τ+ τ− , Z → e+ e− and tt¯ → e + ℓ (given in
Table 1) the results are 840 ± 70 (243 ± 60) tt¯ → ℓ + τ1 (τ3 ) + X
events. The uncertainty is from the fit only and does not include systematic uncertainties. The results are in good agreement with the 780 ± 50 (243 ± 60) events obtained with the
W + 1 jet background template and consistent with the number
expected from MC simulation, 726 ± 19 (217 ± 10). Note that
the fit uncertainty is dominated by the uncertainty on the background template, thus the statistical uncertainties of the results
with the two different background templates are not strongly
correlated.
Figure 3 shows the OS-SS distribution of the number of jets
for ≥ 1 b-tag events adding all channels for two BDT j regions:
BDT j < 0.7, which is dominated by tt → ℓ + jets, and BDT j >
5
OS - SS Events
900
≥ 1 b-tag data
800
Bkg from fit
700
Bkg stat. uncertainty
Figure 4 shows the invariant mass of a selected jet with the τ
candidate for BDT j < 0.7 and BDT j > 0.7 for events with
a τ candidate and three or more jets. The selected jet is the
highest pT untagged jet in events with more than one b-tag and
the second highest pT untagged jet in events with one b-tag.
The distribution shows clearly the presence of a W decaying
to two jets in the BDT j < 0.7 region dominated by tt → ℓ +
jets. The mass distribution in the BDT j > 0.7 signal region
is significantly broader as expected for tt → ℓ + τ + X. The
signal and background shown in these figures are based on the
fit using the 0 b-tag background template.
ATLAS
∫ L dt = 2.05 fb
-1
600
τ1 signal from fit
500
χ2/ndf = 0.5
400
300
200
100
0.1
0.2
1200
ATLAS
1000
∫
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
BDTj (τ1)
OS - SS Events
OS - SS Events
0
0
≥ 1 b-tag data
Bkg from fit
-1
L dt = 2.05 fb
Bkg stat. uncertainty
τ3 signal from fit
800
ATLAS
Data
2500
tt → l + τhad
tt bkg
2000
other EW
1500
uncertainty
χ2/ndf = 0.7
600
BDTj < 0.7
1000
∫ L dt = 2.05 fb
400
-1
500
200
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
3
4
5
6
7
Figure 2: BDT j (OS-SS) distributions of ℓ + τ in the ≥ 1 b-tag sample. The
normalisation of each template is derived from a fit to the data. The fitted
contributions are shown as the light/red (signal), dashed/blue (background derived from 0 b-tag after applying MC corrections) and dark/black (total) lines.
Shaded/blue bands are the statistical uncertainty of the background template.
ATLAS
Table 2: Results of template fits to µ + τ, e + τ and the combined BDT j distributions. The combined results are obtained by fitting the sum of the µ + τ and
e + τ BDT j distributions. The first column gives the channel and the second
the τ type. The third column shows the extracted signal (sum of τ leptons and
electrons misidentified as τ leptons) with the background template derived from
0 b-tag data distributions. The fourth column shows the extracted signal with
the background template derived from W + 1 jet. The uncertainties are from
the uncertainties in the fit parameters and do not include the systematic uncertainties. The MC columns give the expected τ signal and the expected number
of tt → l + τ events after subtracting the contribution from non-tt events to the
signal, assuming the theoretical tt cross section (164 pb).
µ+τ
e+τ
Combined
τ1
τ3
τ1
τ3
τ1
τ3
MC
Signal
432
126
388
114
820
239
9
≥ 10
Jet Multiplicity
Data
500
tt → l + τhad
tt bkg
400
other EW
uncertainty
300
Background template
0 b-tag
W + 1 jet
490 ± 40 456 ± 32
135 ± 33 130 ± 50
440 ± 50 430 ± 50
116 ± 32 120 ± 28
930 ± 70 860 ± 50
260 ± 60 260 ± 40
8
0.9
1
BDTj (τ3)
OS - SS Events
0
0
200
BDTj > 0.7
100
∫ L dt = 2.05 fb
-1
0
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
≥ 10
Jet Multiplicity
Figure 3: OS-SS number of jets distributions for events with at least one b-tag.
The µ + τ and e + τ channels have been summed together. The solid circles
indicate data and the histograms indicate the expected signal and backgrounds.
The normalisation of the expected signal and the backgrounds are based on the
fit result. The uncertainty includes statistical and systematic contributions. The
fraction of each background is estimated from MC. Top is for BDT j < 0.7,
bottom for BDT j > 0.7.
tt
388
116
338
101
726
217
6.1. Check with Matrix Method
From Figures 3 and 4 one can see that a BDT j > 0.7 requirement separates well a region dominated by tt → ℓ+jets from a
region dominated by tt → ℓ + τ + X. One can extract the signal
from the same OS-SS ≥ 1 b-tag sample used by the fit method
via a matrix method. All τ candidates are labeled “loose”, and
τ candidates with BDT j > 0.7 are labeled “tight”. The probability that the loose τ candidates are also tight τ candidates, for
0.7, in which the largest contribution is from tt → ℓ + τ + X. As
expected, the multiplicity of jets peaks at four when BDT j <
0.7 and three when BDT j > 0.7 (the τ is counted as a jet).
6
OS - SS Events / 5 GeV
500
ATLAS
400
∫ L dt = 2.05 fb
Table 3: Number of signal events obtained with the matrix method for µ+τ, e+τ
and the combined channels. The first column gives the channel and the second
the τ type. The third column shows the extracted signal with the background
template derived from 0 b-tag data distributions. The fourth column shows the
extracted signal with the background template derived from W + 1 jet. In order
to compare the matrix
P realmethod results to the fit results the number of signal
events shown is Ntight
/ǭreal where ǭreal is the ǫreal averaged over the three
EM-fraction bins. The uncertainties are statistical only.
Data
tt → l + τhad
-1
tt bkg
other EW
300
uncertainty
200
BDTj < 0.7
100
µ+τ
OS - SS Events / 5 GeV
0
0
60
50
20
40
60
80
100 120 140 160 180 200
m(τ, jet) [GeV]
ATLAS
∫
e+τ
Data
Combined
tt → l + τhad
-1
L dt = 2.05 fb
tt bkg
other EW
40
uncertainty
the ≥ 1 b-tag background are similar. Table 3 shows the number of signal events obtained with the matrix method using the
background derived from the 0 b-tag data sample and from the
W + 1 jet data sample. The numbers in each pair are in good
agreement and consistent with the numbers obtained by fitting
the OS-SS BDT j distributions.
30
BDTj > 0.7
20
10
0
0
20
40
60
80
100 120 140 160 180 200
m(τ, jet) [GeV]
6.2. Systematic Uncertainty
Several experimental and theoretical sources of systematic
uncertainty are considered. Lepton trigger, reconstruction and
selection efficiencies are assessed by comparing the Z → ℓ+ ℓ−
events selected with the same object criteria as used for the tt
analyses in data and MC.
Scale factors are applied to MC samples when calculating
acceptances to account for any differences between predicted
and observed efficiencies. The scale factors are evaluated by
comparing the observed efficiencies with those determined with
simulated Z boson events. Systematic uncertainties on these
scale factors are evaluated by varying the selection of events
used in the efficiency measurements and by checking the stability of the measurements over the course of data taking.
The modeling of the lepton momentum scale and resolution
is studied using reconstructed invariant mass distributions of
Z → ℓ+ ℓ− candidate events and used to adjust the simulation
accordingly [23, 24].
The jet energy scale (JES) and its uncertainty are derived
by combining information from test-beam data, LHC collision
data and simulation [25]. For jets within the acceptance, the
JES uncertainty varies in the range 4–8% as a function of jet
pT and η. Comparing MC and data the estimated systematic
uncertainties are 10% and 1–2% for the jet energy resolution
(JER) and the efficiency, respectively. The uncertainty on the
efficiency of the b-tagging algorithm has been estimated to be
6% for b-quark jets, based on b-tagging calibration studies [26].
The uncertainty in the kinematic distributions of the tt signal events gives rise to systematic uncertainties in the signal acceptance, with contributions from the choice of generator, the modeling of initial- and final-state radiation (ISR/FSR)
Figure 4: OS-SS invariant mass of jet and τ candidate for events with at least
one b-tag. The jet is the highest pT untagged jet in events with more than one
b-tag and the second highest pT untagged jet in events with one b-tag. The
µ + τ and e + τ channels have been summed together. The solid circles indicate
data and the histograms indicate the expected signal and backgrounds. The
normalisation of the expected signal and the backgrounds are based on the fit
result. The uncertainty includes statistical and systematic contributions. The
fraction of each background is estimated from MC. Top is for BDT j < 0.7,
bottom for BDT j > 0.7.
both τ leptons and fake τ leptons, is defined as
tight
tight
ǫreal =
Nreal
loose
Nreal
ǫfake =
Nfake
loose
Nfake
where the “real” subscript denotes τ lepton, the “fake” subscript
denotes fake τ and N is the number of τ candidates. The number
of “tight” τ leptons is then given by
tight
τ1
τ3
τ1
τ3
τ1
τ3
Background template
0 b-tag
W + 1 jet
460 ± 50 440 ± 50
130 ± 40 105 ± 35
420 ± 60 350 ± 50
140 ± 40 160 ± 40
880 ± 70 800 ± 70
270 ± 60 260 ± 60
tight
Nreal = Ndata −
ǫfake
tight
(N loose · ǫreal − Ndata ).
ǫreal − ǫfake data
The value of ǫfake is measured utilizing the OS-SS BDT j distributions from the background control samples; ǫreal is derived
from MC and was tested using Z → τ+ τ− events. This method
uses the binning approach described in Section 5 to estimate the
background. Values of ǫfake and ǫreal are measured separately
for three EM-fraction bins. The EM-fraction, the ratio of the
energy measured in the EM calorimeter to the total τ candidate
energy measured in the calorimeter, is an effective variable for
splitting the data into regions where the shapes of MC OS-SS
BDT j distributions for the W+1 jet background template and
7
and the choice of the PDF set. The generator uncertainty is
evaluated by comparing the MC@NLO predictions with those
of POWHEG [27, 28, 29] interfaced to either HERWIG or
PYTHIA. The uncertainty due to ISR/FSR is evaluated using
the AcerMC generator [30] interfaced to the PYTHIA shower
model, and by varying the parameters controlling ISR and FSR
in a range consistent with experimental data [21]. Finally, the
PDF uncertainty is evaluated using a range of current PDF
sets [31, 32, 33]. The dominant uncertainty in this category
of systematic uncertainties is the modelling of ISR/FSR.
The τ ID uncertainty is derived from a template fit to a
Z → τ+ τ− data sample selected with the same µ and τ candidate requirements as the sample for this analysis, but with fewer
than two jets and mT < 20 GeV to remove W+jets events. The
fit relies on the W + 1 jet data sample for a background template
and Z → τ+ τ− MC events for a signal template. The uncertainty includes the statistical uncertainty of the data samples,
the uncertainty in the Z/γ∗ cross section measured by ATLAS
[34] (excluding luminosity uncertainty) and jet energy scale uncertainty. It also includes the uncertainty on the number of
misidentified electrons (< 0.5%, determined from Z → e+ e−
data).
Table 5: Measured cross section from the τ1 and τ3 samples, as well as the combination (τ1 +τ3 ) for each channel separately. The uncertainty in the integrated
luminosity (3.7%) is not included.
µ+τ
τ1
τ3
τ1 +τ3
µ+τ
−1.1 /+1.5
–
−2.0/+2.2
±1.0
±4.8
±0.7
±2.0
−7.7/+9.0
−3.0/+3.2
−3.1/+3.4
186 ± 15 (stat.) ± 20 (syst.) pb
e+τ
τ1
τ3
τ1 +τ3
190 ± 20 (stat.) ± 20 (syst.) pb
170 ± 50 (stat.) ± 21 (syst.) pb
187 ± 18 (stat.) ± 20 (syst.) pb
The systematic uncertainties are estimated as the quadratic sum
of all uncertainties given in Table 4, which includes the uncertainty from the subtraction.
The results are given separately for τ1 and τ3 and then combined (weighted by their statistical uncertainty and assuming
all systematic uncertainties other than from τ ID are fully correlated). The results using the 0 b-tag background template are
shown in Table 5.
The results for the µ + τ and e + τ channels are combined taking into account the correlated uncertainties using the BLUE
(Best Linear Unbiased Estimator) technique [36]. Combining
them does not improve the systematic uncertainty as the systematic uncertainties are almost 100% correlated.
The results for each lepton type are:
Table 4: Relative systematic uncertainties, in %, for the cross-section measurement. The first column gives the source of systematic uncertainty, ID/Trigger
stands for the combined uncertainty of lepton identification and lepton trigger.
The τ ID uncertainty includes electrons misidentified as τ leptons. The second
and third columms give the channel.
Source
µ (ID/Trigger)
e (ID/Trigger)
JES
JER
ISR/FSR
Generator
PDF
b-tag
τ1 ID
τ3 ID
189 ± 16 (stat.) ± 20 (syst.) pb
180 ± 40 (stat.) ± 21 (syst.) pb
e+τ
–
±2.9
−1.9 /+2.8
±1.2
±3.5
±0.7
±2.1
−7.5/+8.9
−2.7/+3.0
−2.9/+3.2
µ + τ : σtt = 186 ± 15 (stat.) ± 20 (syst.) ± 7 (lumi.) pb,
e + τ : σtt = 187 ± 18 (stat.) ± 20 (syst.) ± 7 (lumi.) pb,
Combining both channels one obtains:
σtt = 186 ± 13 (stat.) ± 20 (syst.) ± 7 (lumi.) pb
To check the fit measurements, the cross sections can be calculated using the matrix method and the results obtained with
the W + 1 jet background to minimize the correlation with the
fit results. The combination of the matrix method and the fit
results with the BLUE method show they are compatible at the
45% and 10% confidence level for µ + τ and e + τ, respectively.
The effect of these variations on the final result is evaluated
by varying each source of systematic uncertainty by ±1σ, applying the selection cuts and recalculating the cross section.
The uncertainties obtained for the fit method using the 0 btag background template are shown in Table 4. The systematic
uncertainties for the matrix method are very similar. The uncertainty on the measured integrated luminosity is 3.7% [35].
8. Conclusions
The cross section for tt production in pp collisions at 7 TeV
has been measured in the µ + τ and the e + τ channels in which
the τ decays hadronically. The number of τ leptons in these
channels has been extracted using multivariate discriminators
to separate τ leptons from electrons and jets misidentified as
hadronically decaying τ leptons. These numbers were obtained
by fitting the discriminator outputs and checked with a matrix
method. Combining the measurements from µ + τ and e + τ
events, the cross section is measured to be
7. Measuring the t t Cross Section
The cross section is derived from the number of observed
OS-SS signal events in the ≥ 1 b-tag data sample assuming the
only top quark decay mode is t → Wb, and subtracting from
that number the small contribution from tt → e + ℓ (from electrons faking τ leptons) and τ leptons from Z → τ+ τ− (Table 1).
σtt = 186 ± 13 (stat.) ± 20 (syst.) ± 7 (lumi.) pb,
8
+
[8] ATLAS Collaboration, Search for charged Higgs bosons
√ decaying via H
in top quark pair events using pp collision data at s = 7 TeV with the
ATLAS detector, arXiv:1204.2760 [hep-ex], submitted to JHEP.
[9] ATLAS Collaboration, Performance of the Reconstruction and Identification of Hadronic Tau Decays with the ATLAS Detector, ATLAS-CONF2011-152.
[10] Y. Freund and R.E. Schapire, in Machine Learning: Proceedings of the
Thirteenth International Conference, edited by L. Saitta (Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco,1996) p. 148; B.P. Roe, H.-J. Yang, J. Zhu, Y. Liu, I.
Stancu, and G. McGregor, Nucl. Instrum. and Meth. Phys. Res., Boosted
decision trees as an alternative to artificial neural networks for particle
identification, Sect. A 543, (2005) 577.
[11] ATLAS Collaboration, The ATLAS Experiment at the CERN Large
Hadron Collider, JINST 3 (2008) S08003.
[12] S. Frixione and B.R. Webber, Matching NLO QCD computations and parton shower simulations, JHEP 06 (2002) 029;
S. Frixione, P. Nason and B.R. Webber, Matching NLO QCD and parton
showers in heavy flavour production, JHEP 08 (2003) 007;
S. Frixione, E. Laenen and P. Motylinski, Single-top production in
MC@NLO, JHEP 03 (2006) 092.
[13] P.M. Nadolsky et al., Implications of CTEQ global analysis for collider
observables, Phys. Rev. D 78 (2008) 013004.
[14] M. Aliev et al. -HATHOR- HAdronic Top and Heavy quarks crOss section
calculatoR, Comput. Phys. Commun. 182 (2011) 1034.
[15] M.L. Mangano, M. Moretti, H. Lai, P. Nadolsky, and A.D. Polosa, ALPGEN, a generator for hard multiparton processes in hadronic collisions,
JHEP 07 (2003) 001.
[16] G. Corcella et al., HERWIG 6.5: an event generator for Hadron Emission Reactions With Interfering Gluons (including supersymmetric processes), JHEP 01 (2001) 010; G. Corcella et al., HERWIG 6.5 release
notes, arXiv:hep-ph/0210213.
[17] J. Butterworth, J.R. Forshaw, and M.H. Seymour, Multiparton interactions in photoproduction at HERA, Zeit. f. Phys. C72 (1996) 637.
[18] N.Davidson et al., Universal Interface of TAUOLA Technical and Physics
Documentation, arXiv:1002.0543.
[19] ATLAS Collaboration, ATLAS tunes of PYTHIA 6 and PYTHIA 8 for
MC11, ATL-PHYS-PUB-2011-009.
[20] GEANT4 Collaboration, S. Agostinelli et al., A simulation toolkit, Nucl.
Instrum. and Meth. A506 (2003) 250.
[21] ATLAS Collaboration, The ATLAS Simulation Infrastructure, Eur. Phys.
J. C70 (2010) 823-874.
[22] M. Cacciari, G. P. Salam, and G. Soyez. The anti-kt clustering algorithm,
JHEP 0804 (2008) 063.
[23] ATLAS Collaboration, Electron performance measurements with the ATLAS detector using the 2010 LHC proton-proton collision data, Eur. Phys.
J. C72 (2012) 1909.
[24] ATLAS Collaboration, Muon reconstruction efficiency in reprocessed
2010 LHC proton-proton collision data recorded with the ATLAS Detector, ATLAS-CONF-2011-063.
[25] ATLAS Collaboration, Jet energy
√ measurement with the ATLAS detector
in proton-proton collisions at s = 7 TeV, arXiv:1112.6426
[26] ATLAS Collaboration, Commisioning of the ATLAS high-performance btagging algorithms in the 7 TeV collision data, ATL-CONF-2011-102.
[27] P. Nason, A new method for combining NLO QCD with shower Monte
Carlo algorithms, JHEP 11 (2007) 070.
[28] S. Frixione, P. Nason, and C. Oleari, Matching NLO QCD computations
with parton shower simulations: the Powheg method, JHEP 11 (2007)
040.
[29] S. Alioli, P. Nason, C.Oleari, and E. Re, A general framework for implementing NLO calculations in shower Monte Carlo programs: the
POWHEG BOX, JHEP 06 (2010) 043.
[30] B.P. Kersevan and E.Richter-Was, The Monte Carlo event generator AcerMC version 2.0 with interfaces to PYTHIA 6.2 and HERWIG 6.5,
arXiv:hep-ph/0405247.
[31] J. Pumpli, D. Stump, J. Huston, H. Lai, P. Nadolsky, and W. Tung, New
generation of parton distributions with uncertainties from global QCD
analysis, JHEP 07 (2002) 012.
[32] A.D Martin, R.G. Roberts, W.J. Stirling and R.S. Thorne, Parton distributions: a new global anslyis, Eur. Phys. J. C4 (1998) 463; Parton distributions and the LHC: W and Z production, Eur. Phys. J. C14 (2000)
133.
in good agreement with the cross section measured by ATLAS
in other channels [1, 2], with the cross-section measurement
by the CMS Collaboration [7, 37] and with the SM prediction,
164+11
−16 pb [14].
9. Acknowledgements
We thank CERN for the very successful operation of the
LHC, as well as the support staff from our institutions without
whom ATLAS could not be operated efficiently.
We acknowledge the support of ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; SSTC, Belarus; CNPq and FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC,
NRC and CFI, Canada; CERN; CONICYT, Chile; CAS, MOST
and NSFC, China; COLCIENCIAS, Colombia; MSMT CR,
MPO CR and VSC CR, Czech Republic; DNRF, DNSRC
and Lundbeck Foundation, Denmark; EPLANET and ERC,
European Union; IN2P3-CNRS, CEA-DSM/IRFU, France;
GNAS, Georgia; BMBF, DFG, HGF, MPG and AvH Foundation, Germany; GSRT, Greece; ISF, MINERVA, GIF, DIP and
Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT and JSPS, Japan;
CNRST, Morocco; FOM and NWO, Netherlands; RCN, Norway; MNiSW, Poland; GRICES and FCT, Portugal; MERYS
(MECTS), Romania; MES of Russia and ROSATOM, Russian
Federation; JINR; MSTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS and
MVZT, Slovenia; DST/NRF, South Africa; MICINN, Spain;
SRC and Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SER, SNSF and
Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; NSC, Taiwan;
TAEK, Turkey; STFC, the Royal Society and Leverhulme
Trust, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United States of America.
The crucial computing support from all WLCG partners is
acknowledged gratefully, in particular from CERN and the
ATLAS Tier-1 facilities at TRIUMF (Canada), NDGF (Denmark, Norway, Sweden), CC-IN2P3 (France), KIT/GridKA
(Germany), INFN-CNAF (Italy), NL-T1 (Netherlands), PIC
(Spain), ASGC (Taiwan), RAL (UK) and BNL (USA) and in
the Tier-2 facilities worldwide.
References
[1] ATLAS Collaboration, Measurement of the top quark production cross
section with ATLAS in the single lepton channel, Phys. Lett. B711 (2012)
244-263.
[2] ATLAS Collaboration, Measurement
√ of the cross section for top-quark
pair production in pp collisions at s = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector
using final states with two high-pT leptons, arXiv:1202.4892 (submitted
to JHEP).
[3] G.L. Kane, C. Kolda, L. Roszkowski, J.D. Wells, Study of constrained
minimal supersymmetry, Phys. Rev. D 49, (1994) 6173.
[4] T. Han and M.B. Magro, Top-quark decay via R-parity violating interactions at the Tevatron, Phys. Lett. B476, (2000) 79.
[5] C. Yue, H. Zong, and L. Liu, Non Universal Gauge Bosons Z’ and Rare
Top Decays, Mod. Phys. Lett. A 18, (2003) 2187.
[6] DØ Collaboration, Combination of tt cross section measurements and
constraints on the mass of the top quark and its decays into charged Higgs
bosons, Phys. Rev. D 80 (2009) 071102(R).
[7] CMS
√ Collaboration, Measurement of the tt cross section in pp collisions
at s = 7 TeV in dilepton final states containing a τ, arXiv:1203.6810,
submitted to Phys. Rev. D.
9
[33] CTEQ Collaboration, H. Lai et al. Global QCD analysis of parton structure of the nucleon: CTEQ5 parton distributions, Eur. Phys. J. C12 (2000)
375.
[34] ATLAS Collaboration, Measurement of the inclusive W ±√and Z/γ∗ cross
sections in the e and µ decay channels in pp collisions at s = 7 TeV with
the ATLAS detector,Phys. Rev. D85 (2012) 041805.
[35] ATLAS
Collaboration, Luminosity Determination in pp collisions at
√
s = 7 TeV using the ATLAS Detector in 2011, ATLAS-CONF-2011-016
(2011).
[36] L. Lyons, D. Gibaut and P. Clifford, How to combine correlated estimates
of a single physical quantity, Nucl. Instrum. and Meth. A270 (1988) 110.
[37] CMS Collaboration,
√ Measurement of the tt Production Cross Section in
pp Collisions at s =7 TeV in Lepton+Jets Events Using b-quark Jet
Identification, Phys. Rev. D84 (2011) 092004.
10
The ATLAS Collaboration
G. Aad48 , B. Abbott111 , J. Abdallah11 , S. Abdel Khalek115 , A.A. Abdelalim49 , O. Abdinov10, B. Abi112 , M. Abolins88 ,
O.S. AbouZeid158, H. Abramowicz153, H. Abreu136 , E. Acerbi89a,89b , B.S. Acharya164a,164b, L. Adamczyk37, D.L. Adams24 ,
T.N. Addy56 , J. Adelman176 , S. Adomeit98 , P. Adragna75, T. Adye129 , S. Aefsky22 , J.A. Aguilar-Saavedra124b,a , M. Aharrouche81,
S.P. Ahlen21 , F. Ahles48 , A. Ahmad148 , M. Ahsan40 , G. Aielli133a,133b , T. Akdogan18a, T.P.A. Åkesson79 , G. Akimoto155 ,
A.V. Akimov 94 , A. Akiyama66, M.S. Alam1 , M.A. Alam76 , J. Albert169 , S. Albrand55, M. Aleksa29 , I.N. Aleksandrov64,
F. Alessandria89a , C. Alexa25a , G. Alexander153, G. Alexandre49, T. Alexopoulos9, M. Alhroob164a,164c, M. Aliev15 , G. Alimonti89a ,
J. Alison120 , B.M.M. Allbrooke17, P.P. Allport73 , S.E. Allwood-Spiers53, J. Almond82, A. Aloisio102a,102b , R. Alon172 , A. Alonso79 ,
B. Alvarez Gonzalez88 , M.G. Alviggi102a,102b , K. Amako65, C. Amelung22, V.V. Ammosov128, A. Amorim124a,b , G. Amorós167,
N. Amram153 , C. Anastopoulos29, L.S. Ancu16 , N. Andari115 , T. Andeen34 , C.F. Anders58b , G. Anders58a, K.J. Anderson30,
A. Andreazza89a,89b, V. Andrei58a, X.S. Anduaga70, P. Anger43 , A. Angerami34, F. Anghinolfi29, A. Anisenkov107, N. Anjos124a ,
A. Annovi47, A. Antonaki8, M. Antonelli47 , A. Antonov96, J. Antos144b , F. Anulli132a , S. Aoun83, L. Aperio Bella4 , R. Apolle118,c ,
G. Arabidze88, I. Aracena143 , Y. Arai65 , A.T.H. Arce44 , S. Arfaoui148, J-F. Arguin14, E. Arik18a,∗ , M. Arik18a , A.J. Armbruster87,
O. Arnaez81 , V. Arnal80 , C. Arnault115 , A. Artamonov95, G. Artoni132a,132b , D. Arutinov20, S. Asai155 , R. Asfandiyarov173,
S. Ask27 , B. Åsman146a,146b , L. Asquith5 , K. Assamagan24 , A. Astbury169 , B. Aubert4, E. Auge115 , K. Augsten127 ,
M. Aurousseau145a, G. Avolio163 , R. Avramidou9, D. Axen168, G. Azuelos93,d , Y. Azuma155 , M.A. Baak29 , G. Baccaglioni89a,
C. Bacci134a,134b , A.M. Bach14 , H. Bachacou136, K. Bachas29 , M. Backes49 , M. Backhaus20 , E. Badescu25a , P. Bagnaia132a,132b ,
S. Bahinipati2 , Y. Bai32a , D.C. Bailey158 , T. Bain158 , J.T. Baines129 , O.K. Baker176 , M.D. Baker24 , S. Baker77 , E. Banas38 ,
P. Banerjee93 , Sw. Banerjee173 , D. Banfi29 , A. Bangert150 , V. Bansal169 , H.S. Bansil17 , L. Barak172 , S.P. Baranov94,
A. Barbaro Galtieri14 , T. Barber48 , E.L. Barberio86, D. Barberis50a,50b , M. Barbero20 , D.Y. Bardin64 , T. Barillari99 , M. Barisonzi175 ,
T. Barklow143 , N. Barlow27 , B.M. Barnett129 , R.M. Barnett14 , A. Baroncelli134a , G. Barone49 , A.J. Barr118 , F. Barreiro80 ,
J. Barreiro Guimarães da Costa57 , P. Barrillon115 , R. Bartoldus143 , A.E. Barton71 , V. Bartsch149 , R.L. Bates53 , L. Batkova144a,
J.R. Batley27 , A. Battaglia16 , M. Battistin29 , F. Bauer136 , H.S. Bawa143,e , S. Beale98 , T. Beau78 , P.H. Beauchemin161,
R. Beccherle50a , P. Bechtle20 , H.P. Beck16 , A.K. Becker175 , S. Becker98 , M. Beckingham138, K.H. Becks175 , A.J. Beddall18c ,
A. Beddall18c , S. Bedikian176 , V.A. Bednyakov64, C.P. Bee83 , M. Begel24 , S. Behar Harpaz152 , P.K. Behera62 , M. Beimforde99,
C. Belanger-Champagne85, P.J. Bell49 , W.H. Bell49 , G. Bella153 , L. Bellagamba19a, F. Bellina29 , M. Bellomo29 , A. Belloni57 ,
O. Beloborodova107, f , K. Belotskiy96 , O. Beltramello29 , O. Benary153 , D. Benchekroun135a, K. Bendtz146a,146b , N. Benekos165 ,
Y. Benhammou153, E. Benhar Noccioli49 , J.A. Benitez Garcia159b , D.P. Benjamin44 , M. Benoit115 , J.R. Bensinger22 ,
K. Benslama130 , S. Bentvelsen105 , D. Berge29 , E. Bergeaas Kuutmann41, N. Berger4, F. Berghaus169, E. Berglund105, J. Beringer14 ,
P. Bernat77 , R. Bernhard48, C. Bernius24 , T. Berry76 , C. Bertella83 , A. Bertin19a,19b , F. Bertolucci122a,122b , M.I. Besana89a,89b ,
N. Besson136 , S. Bethke99 , W. Bhimji45 , R.M. Bianchi29 , M. Bianco72a,72b , O. Biebel98 , S.P. Bieniek77 , K. Bierwagen54 ,
J. Biesiada14 , M. Biglietti134a , H. Bilokon47 , M. Bindi19a,19b , S. Binet115 , A. Bingul18c , C. Bini132a,132b , C. Biscarat178 , U. Bitenc48 ,
K.M. Black21 , R.E. Blair5 , J.-B. Blanchard136, G. Blanchot29 , T. Blazek144a , C. Blocker22 , J. Blocki38 , A. Blondel49 , W. Blum81 ,
U. Blumenschein54, G.J. Bobbink105 , V.B. Bobrovnikov107, S.S. Bocchetta79 , A. Bocci44 , C.R. Boddy118 , M. Boehler41 ,
J. Boek175 , N. Boelaert35 , J.A. Bogaerts29 , A. Bogdanchikov107, A. Bogouch90,∗ , C. Bohm146a , J. Bohm125 , V. Boisvert76 ,
T. Bold37 , V. Boldea25a , N.M. Bolnet136 , M. Bomben78 , M. Bona75 , M. Bondioli163 , M. Boonekamp136, C.N. Booth139 ,
S. Bordoni78 , C. Borer16 , A. Borisov128 , G. Borissov71 , I. Borjanovic12a, M. Borri82 , S. Borroni87 , V. Bortolotto134a,134b, K. Bos105 ,
D. Boscherini19a , M. Bosman11 , H. Boterenbrood105, D. Botterill129 , J. Bouchami93 , J. Boudreau123, E.V. Bouhova-Thacker71,
D. Boumediene33, C. Bourdarios115 , N. Bousson83 , A. Boveia30 , J. Boyd29 , I.R. Boyko64 , N.I. Bozhko128, I. Bozovic-Jelisavcic12b ,
J. Bracinik17 , P. Branchini134a , A. Brandt7 , G. Brandt118 , O. Brandt54 , U. Bratzler156 , B. Brau84 , J.E. Brau114 , H.M. Braun175 ,
B. Brelier158 , J. Bremer29 , K. Brendlinger120, R. Brenner166 , S. Bressler172 , D. Britton53 , F.M. Brochu27 , I. Brock20 , R. Brock88 ,
E. Brodet153 , F. Broggi89a, C. Bromberg88, J. Bronner99 , G. Brooijmans34, W.K. Brooks31b , G. Brown82 , H. Brown7 ,
P.A. Bruckman de Renstrom38 , D. Bruncko144b , R. Bruneliere48 , S. Brunet60 , A. Bruni19a , G. Bruni19a , M. Bruschi19a , T. Buanes13 ,
Q. Buat55 , F. Bucci49 , J. Buchanan118, P. Buchholz141 , R.M. Buckingham118, A.G. Buckley45 , S.I. Buda25a , I.A. Budagov64,
B. Budick108 , V. Büscher81 , L. Bugge117 , O. Bulekov96, A.C. Bundock73, M. Bunse42 , T. Buran117 , H. Burckhart29, S. Burdin73,
T. Burgess13 , S. Burke129 , E. Busato33 , P. Bussey53 , C.P. Buszello166 , B. Butler143 , J.M. Butler21 , C.M. Buttar53 ,
J.M. Butterworth77, W. Buttinger27 , S. Cabrera Urbán167 , D. Caforio19a,19b, O. Cakir3a , P. Calafiura14 , G. Calderini78 ,
P. Calfayan98 , R. Calkins106 , L.P. Caloba23a , R. Caloi132a,132b , D. Calvet33 , S. Calvet33 , R. Camacho Toro33 , P. Camarri133a,133b ,
D. Cameron117 , L.M. Caminada14 , S. Campana29 , M. Campanelli77 , V. Canale102a,102b , F. Canelli30,g , A. Canepa159a , J. Cantero80 ,
R. Cantrill76 , L. Capasso102a,102b , M.D.M. Capeans Garrido29, I. Caprini25a , M. Caprini25a , D. Capriotti99 , M. Capua36a,36b ,
R. Caputo81 , R. Cardarelli133a , T. Carli29 , G. Carlino102a , L. Carminati89a,89b , B. Caron85 , S. Caron104 , E. Carquin31b ,
G.D. Carrillo Montoya173, A.A. Carter75 , J.R. Carter27 , J. Carvalho124a,h , D. Casadei108 , M.P. Casado11 , M. Cascella122a,122b ,
C. Caso50a,50b,∗ , A.M. Castaneda Hernandez173, E. Castaneda-Miranda173, V. Castillo Gimenez167 , N.F. Castro124a , G. Cataldi72a ,
P. Catastini57 , A. Catinaccio29 , J.R. Catmore29 , A. Cattai29 , G. Cattani133a,133b , S. Caughron88, D. Cauz164a,164c , P. Cavalleri78 ,
D. Cavalli89a , M. Cavalli-Sforza11 , V. Cavasinni122a,122b , F. Ceradini134a,134b, A.S. Cerqueira23b , A. Cerri29 , L. Cerrito75 ,
F. Cerutti47 , S.A. Cetin18b , A. Chafaq135a , D. Chakraborty106, I. Chalupkova126, K. Chan2 , B. Chapleau85 , J.D. Chapman27,
11
J.W. Chapman87, E. Chareyre78, D.G. Charlton17 , V. Chavda82 , C.A. Chavez Barajas29 , S. Cheatham85 , S. Chekanov5,
S.V. Chekulaev159a, G.A. Chelkov64, M.A. Chelstowska104 , C. Chen63 , H. Chen24 , S. Chen32c , X. Chen173 , A. Cheplakov64,
R. Cherkaoui El Moursli135e , V. Chernyatin24, E. Cheu6 , S.L. Cheung158, L. Chevalier136 , G. Chiefari102a,102b , L. Chikovani51a,
J.T. Childers29 , A. Chilingarov71, G. Chiodini72a , A.S. Chisholm17 , R.T. Chislett77 , M.V. Chizhov64 , G. Choudalakis30,
S. Chouridou137, I.A. Christidi77 , A. Christov48 , D. Chromek-Burckhart29, M.L. Chu151 , J. Chudoba125, G. Ciapetti132a,132b ,
A.K. Ciftci3a , R. Ciftci3a , D. Cinca33 , V. Cindro74 , C. Ciocca19a,19b , A. Ciocio14 , M. Cirilli87 , M. Citterio89a , M. Ciubancan25a,
A. Clark49 , P.J. Clark45 , W. Cleland123 , J.C. Clemens83 , B. Clement55 , C. Clement146a,146b , Y. Coadou83 , M. Cobal164a,164c ,
A. Coccaro138 , J. Cochran63 , P. Coe118 , J.G. Cogan143, J. Coggeshall165 , E. Cogneras178 , J. Colas4 , A.P. Colijn105 , N.J. Collins17 ,
C. Collins-Tooth53 , J. Collot55 , T. Colombo119a,119b, G. Colon84 , P. Conde Muiño124a , E. Coniavitis118 , M.C. Conidi11 ,
S.M. Consonni89a,89b, V. Consorti48 , S. Constantinescu25a , C. Conta119a,119b , G. Conti57 , F. Conventi102a,i , M. Cooke14 ,
B.D. Cooper77 , A.M. Cooper-Sarkar118, K. Copic14 , T. Cornelissen175 , M. Corradi19a , F. Corriveau85, j , A. Cortes-Gonzalez165,
G. Cortiana99 , G. Costa89a , M.J. Costa167 , D. Costanzo139 , T. Costin30 , D. Côté29 , L. Courneyea169, G. Cowan76 , C. Cowden27 ,
B.E. Cox82 , K. Cranmer108 , F. Crescioli122a,122b , M. Cristinziani20 , G. Crosetti36a,36b , R. Crupi72a,72b , S. Crépé-Renaudin55,
C.-M. Cuciuc25a , C. Cuenca Almenar176 , T. Cuhadar Donszelmann139, M. Curatolo47 , C.J. Curtis17 , C. Cuthbert150 ,
P. Cwetanski60 , H. Czirr141 , P. Czodrowski43, Z. Czyczula176 , S. D’Auria53 , M. D’Onofrio73, A. D’Orazio132a,132b, C. Da Via82 ,
W. Dabrowski37, A. Dafinca118 , T. Dai87 , C. Dallapiccola84 , M. Dam35 , M. Dameri50a,50b , D.S. Damiani137 , H.O. Danielsson29 ,
V. Dao49 , G. Darbo50a, G.L. Darlea25b , W. Davey20 , T. Davidek126 , N. Davidson86 , R. Davidson71, E. Davies118,c , M. Davies93 ,
A.R. Davison77 , Y. Davygora58a, E. Dawe142 , I. Dawson139 , R.K. Daya-Ishmukhametova22, K. De7 , R. de Asmundis102a ,
S. De Castro19a,19b , S. De Cecco78 , J. de Graat98 , N. De Groot104 , P. de Jong105 , C. De La Taille115 , H. De la Torre80 ,
F. De Lorenzi63, B. De Lotto164a,164c , L. de Mora71 , L. De Nooij105 , D. De Pedis132a , A. De Salvo132a , U. De Sanctis164a,164c ,
A. De Santo149 , J.B. De Vivie De Regie115 , G. De Zorzi132a,132b , W.J. Dearnaley71 , R. Debbe24 , C. Debenedetti45 , B. Dechenaux55,
D.V. Dedovich64, J. Degenhardt120, C. Del Papa164a,164c , J. Del Peso80 , T. Del Prete122a,122b , T. Delemontex55, M. Deliyergiyev74,
A. Dell’Acqua29, L. Dell’Asta21 , M. Della Pietra102a,i , D. della Volpe102a,102b , M. Delmastro4 , P.A. Delsart55 , C. Deluca105 ,
S. Demers176 , M. Demichev64 , B. Demirkoz11,k , J. Deng163 , S.P. Denisov128, D. Derendarz38, J.E. Derkaoui135d, F. Derue78 ,
P. Dervan73, K. Desch20 , E. Devetak148 , P.O. Deviveiros105, A. Dewhurst129 , B. DeWilde148 , S. Dhaliwal158 , R. Dhullipudi24,l ,
A. Di Ciaccio133a,133b , L. Di Ciaccio4 , A. Di Girolamo29 , B. Di Girolamo29, S. Di Luise134a,134b , A. Di Mattia173 , B. Di Micco29 ,
R. Di Nardo47 , A. Di Simone133a,133b, R. Di Sipio19a,19b , M.A. Diaz31a , E.B. Diehl87 , J. Dietrich41 , T.A. Dietzsch58a , S. Diglio86 ,
K. Dindar Yagci39 , J. Dingfelder20, C. Dionisi132a,132b , P. Dita25a , S. Dita25a , F. Dittus29 , F. Djama83 , T. Djobava51b ,
M.A.B. do Vale23c , A. Do Valle Wemans124a , T.K.O. Doan4 , M. Dobbs85 , R. Dobinson 29,∗ , D. Dobos29 , E. Dobson29,m , J. Dodd34 ,
C. Doglioni49 , T. Doherty53 , Y. Doi65,∗ , J. Dolejsi126 , I. Dolenc74 , Z. Dolezal126 , B.A. Dolgoshein96,∗ , T. Dohmae155 ,
M. Donadelli23d , M. Donega120, J. Donini33, J. Dopke29 , A. Doria102a , A. Dos Anjos173 , A. Dotti122a,122b , M.T. Dova70 ,
A.D. Doxiadis105 , A.T. Doyle53 , M. Dris9 , J. Dubbert99, S. Dube14 , E. Duchovni172, G. Duckeck98, A. Dudarev29, F. Dudziak63,
M. Dührssen 29 , I.P. Duerdoth82, L. Duflot115 , M-A. Dufour85, M. Dunford29, H. Duran Yildiz3a , R. Duxfield139 , M. Dwuznik37 ,
F. Dydak 29 , M. Düren52, J. Ebke98 , S. Eckweiler81 , K. Edmonds81, C.A. Edwards76 , N.C. Edwards53 , W. Ehrenfeld41, T. Eifert143 ,
G. Eigen13 , K. Einsweiler14 , E. Eisenhandler75, T. Ekelof166 , M. El Kacimi135c , M. Ellert166 , S. Elles4 , F. Ellinghaus81, K. Ellis75 ,
N. Ellis29 , J. Elmsheuser98, M. Elsing29 , D. Emeliyanov129, R. Engelmann148, A. Engl98 , B. Epp61 , A. Eppig87 , J. Erdmann54,
A. Ereditato16 , D. Eriksson146a , J. Ernst1 , M. Ernst24 , J. Ernwein136, D. Errede165 , S. Errede165 , E. Ertel81 , M. Escalier115 ,
C. Escobar123 , X. Espinal Curull11 , B. Esposito47 , F. Etienne83, A.I. Etienvre136, E. Etzion153 , D. Evangelakou54, H. Evans60 ,
L. Fabbri19a,19b, C. Fabre29 , R.M. Fakhrutdinov128, S. Falciano132a , Y. Fang173 , M. Fanti89a,89b , A. Farbin7 , A. Farilla134a ,
J. Farley148 , T. Farooque158, S. Farrell163 , S.M. Farrington118, P. Farthouat29 , P. Fassnacht29 , D. Fassouliotis8 , B. Fatholahzadeh158,
A. Favareto89a,89b, L. Fayard115 , S. Fazio36a,36b , R. Febbraro33, P. Federic144a , O.L. Fedin121 , W. Fedorko88, M. Fehling-Kaschek48,
L. Feligioni83 , D. Fellmann5 , C. Feng32d , E.J. Feng30 , A.B. Fenyuk128, J. Ferencei144b , W. Fernando5, S. Ferrag53 , J. Ferrando53,
V. Ferrara41 , A. Ferrari166 , P. Ferrari105 , R. Ferrari119a , D.E. Ferreira de Lima53 , A. Ferrer167 , D. Ferrere49 , C. Ferretti87 ,
A. Ferretto Parodi50a,50b , M. Fiascaris30 , F. Fiedler81 , A. Filipčič74 , F. Filthaut104 , M. Fincke-Keeler169, M.C.N. Fiolhais124a,h ,
L. Fiorini167 , A. Firan39 , G. Fischer41 , M.J. Fisher109 , M. Flechl48 , I. Fleck141 , J. Fleckner81 , P. Fleischmann174 , S. Fleischmann175 ,
T. Flick175 , A. Floderus79, L.R. Flores Castillo173 , M.J. Flowerdew99 , T. Fonseca Martin16 , D.A. Forbush138, A. Formica136 ,
A. Forti82 , D. Fortin159a , D. Fournier115, H. Fox71 , P. Francavilla11 , S. Franchino119a,119b, D. Francis29 , T. Frank172 , M. Franklin57 ,
S. Franz29 , M. Fraternali119a,119b , S. Fratina120 , S.T. French27 , C. Friedrich41 , F. Friedrich 43 , R. Froeschl29 , D. Froidevaux29,
J.A. Frost27 , C. Fukunaga156, E. Fullana Torregrosa29, B.G. Fulsom143 , J. Fuster167 , C. Gabaldon29, O. Gabizon172 , T. Gadfort24 ,
S. Gadomski49 , G. Gagliardi50a,50b, P. Gagnon60, C. Galea98 , E.J. Gallas118 , V. Gallo16 , B.J. Gallop129 , P. Gallus125 , K.K. Gan109 ,
Y.S. Gao143,e , A. Gaponenko14, F. Garberson176, M. Garcia-Sciveres14, C. Garcı́a167 , J.E. Garcı́a Navarro167, R.W. Gardner30,
N. Garelli29 , H. Garitaonandia105, V. Garonne29, J. Garvey17, C. Gatti47 , G. Gaudio119a, B. Gaur141 , L. Gauthier136 ,
P. Gauzzi132a,132b , I.L. Gavrilenko94, C. Gay168 , G. Gaycken20 , E.N. Gazis9 , P. Ge32d , Z. Gecse168 , C.N.P. Gee129 ,
D.A.A. Geerts105 , Ch. Geich-Gimbel20, K. Gellerstedt146a,146b , C. Gemme50a , A. Gemmell53 , M.H. Genest55 , S. Gentile132a,132b ,
M. George54, S. George76, P. Gerlach175 , A. Gershon153 , C. Geweniger58a, H. Ghazlane135b , N. Ghodbane33, B. Giacobbe19a,
S. Giagu132a,132b , V. Giakoumopoulou8, V. Giangiobbe11, F. Gianotti29 , B. Gibbard24, A. Gibson158 , S.M. Gibson29 , D. Gillberg28 ,
A.R. Gillman129 , D.M. Gingrich2,d , J. Ginzburg153, N. Giokaris8 , M.P. Giordani164c , R. Giordano102a,102b, F.M. Giorgi15,
12
P. Giovannini99, P.F. Giraud136 , D. Giugni89a, M. Giunta93 , P. Giusti19a , B.K. Gjelsten117 , L.K. Gladilin97 , C. Glasman80 ,
J. Glatzer48 , A. Glazov41 , K.W. Glitza175 , G.L. Glonti64 , J.R. Goddard75, J. Godfrey142, J. Godlewski29 , M. Goebel41 , T. Göpfert43 ,
C. Goeringer81, C. Gössling42 , S. Goldfarb87, T. Golling176 , A. Gomes124a,b , L.S. Gomez Fajardo41 , R. Gonçalo76 ,
J. Goncalves Pinto Firmino Da Costa41 , L. Gonella20 , S. Gonzalez173, S. González de la Hoz167 , G. Gonzalez Parra11 ,
M.L. Gonzalez Silva26 , S. Gonzalez-Sevilla49, J.J. Goodson148, L. Goossens29 , P.A. Gorbounov95, H.A. Gordon24, I. Gorelov103,
G. Gorfine175 , B. Gorini29 , E. Gorini72a,72b , A. Gorišek74 , E. Gornicki38 , B. Gosdzik41 , A.T. Goshaw5 , M. Gosselink105 ,
M.I. Gostkin64 , I. Gough Eschrich163 , M. Gouighri135a, D. Goujdami135c , M.P. Goulette49 , A.G. Goussiou138 , C. Goy4 ,
S. Gozpinar22, I. Grabowska-Bold37, P. Grafström29 , K-J. Grahn41, F. Grancagnolo72a, S. Grancagnolo15, V. Grassi148 ,
V. Gratchev121 , N. Grau34 , H.M. Gray29 , J.A. Gray148 , E. Graziani134a , O.G. Grebenyuk121, T. Greenshaw73, Z.D. Greenwood24,l ,
K. Gregersen35, I.M. Gregor41, P. Grenier143 , J. Griffiths138 , N. Grigalashvili64, A.A. Grillo137 , S. Grinstein11 , Y.V. Grishkevich97 ,
J.-F. Grivaz115 , E. Gross172 , J. Grosse-Knetter54 , J. Groth-Jensen172, K. Grybel141 , D. Guest176 , C. Guicheney33, A. Guida72a,72b ,
S. Guindon54, H. Guler85,n , J. Gunther125 , B. Guo158 , J. Guo34 , V.N. Gushchin128, P. Gutierrez111 , N. Guttman153, O. Gutzwiller173 ,
C. Guyot136 , C. Gwenlan118 , C.B. Gwilliam73 , A. Haas143 , S. Haas29 , C. Haber14 , H.K. Hadavand39, D.R. Hadley17 , P. Haefner99,
F. Hahn29 , S. Haider29 , Z. Hajduk38, H. Hakobyan177, D. Hall118 , J. Haller54 , K. Hamacher175 , P. Hamal113 , M. Hamer54 ,
A. Hamilton145b,o , S. Hamilton161 , L. Han32b , K. Hanagaki116, K. Hanawa160 , M. Hance14 , C. Handel81 , P. Hanke58a ,
J.R. Hansen35 , J.B. Hansen35 , J.D. Hansen35 , P.H. Hansen35 , P. Hansson143 , K. Hara160 , G.A. Hare137 , T. Harenberg175,
S. Harkusha90 , D. Harper87 , R.D. Harrington45, O.M. Harris138 , K. Harrison17 , J. Hartert48 , F. Hartjes105 , T. Haruyama65,
A. Harvey56, S. Hasegawa101 , Y. Hasegawa140 , S. Hassani136 , S. Haug16 , M. Hauschild29 , R. Hauser88 , M. Havranek20,
C.M. Hawkes17 , R.J. Hawkings29 , A.D. Hawkins79 , D. Hawkins163 , T. Hayakawa66 , T. Hayashi160 , D. Hayden76, C.P. Hays118 ,
H.S. Hayward73 , S.J. Haywood129, M. He32d , S.J. Head17 , V. Hedberg79, L. Heelan7 , S. Heim88 , B. Heinemann14,
S. Heisterkamp35 , L. Helary4 , C. Heller98 , M. Heller29 , S. Hellman146a,146b , D. Hellmich20 , C. Helsens11 , R.C.W. Henderson71,
M. Henke58a , A. Henrichs54 , A.M. Henriques Correia29 , S. Henrot-Versille115, F. Henry-Couannier83, C. Hensel54 , T. Henß175 ,
C.M. Hernandez7, Y. Hernández Jiménez167 , R. Herrberg15, G. Herten48 , R. Hertenberger98, L. Hervas29 , G.G. Hesketh77 ,
N.P. Hessey105 , E. Higón-Rodriguez167, J.C. Hill27 , K.H. Hiller41 , S. Hillert20 , S.J. Hillier17 , I. Hinchliffe14 , E. Hines120 ,
M. Hirose116 , F. Hirsch42 , D. Hirschbuehl175, J. Hobbs148 , N. Hod153 , M.C. Hodgkinson139, P. Hodgson139, A. Hoecker29 ,
M.R. Hoeferkamp103, J. Hoffman39 , D. Hoffmann83, M. Hohlfeld81, M. Holder141 , S.O. Holmgren146a, T. Holy127 ,
J.L. Holzbauer88, T.M. Hong120 , L. Hooft van Huysduynen108, C. Horn143 , S. Horner48, J-Y. Hostachy55, S. Hou151 ,
A. Hoummada135a, J. Howard118 , J. Howarth82 , I. Hristova 15 , J. Hrivnac115 , I. Hruska125 , T. Hryn’ova4, P.J. Hsu81 , S.-C. Hsu14 ,
Z. Hubacek127, F. Hubaut83, F. Huegging20, A. Huettmann41, T.B. Huffman118 , E.W. Hughes34 , G. Hughes71 , M. Huhtinen29,
M. Hurwitz14 , U. Husemann41, N. Huseynov64,p , J. Huston88 , J. Huth57 , G. Iacobucci49, G. Iakovidis9, M. Ibbotson82,
I. Ibragimov141, L. Iconomidou-Fayard115, J. Idarraga115, P. Iengo102a, O. Igonkina105, Y. Ikegami65, M. Ikeno65 , D. Iliadis154 ,
N. Ilic158 , M. Imori155 , T. Ince20 , J. Inigo-Golfin29, P. Ioannou8, M. Iodice134a , K. Iordanidou8, V. Ippolito132a,132b,
A. Irles Quiles167 , C. Isaksson166 , A. Ishikawa66 , M. Ishino67, R. Ishmukhametov39, C. Issever118 , S. Istin18a , A.V. Ivashin128 ,
W. Iwanski38 , H. Iwasaki65 , J.M. Izen40 , V. Izzo102a , B. Jackson120 , J.N. Jackson73 , P. Jackson143 , M.R. Jaekel29 , V. Jain60 ,
K. Jakobs48 , S. Jakobsen35 , T. Jakoubek125, J. Jakubek127 , D.K. Jana111 , E. Jansen77 , H. Jansen29 , A. Jantsch99 , M. Janus48 ,
G. Jarlskog79 , L. Jeanty57 , I. Jen-La Plante30 , P. Jenni29 , A. Jeremie4 , P. Jež35 , S. Jézéquel4 , M.K. Jha19a , H. Ji173 , W. Ji81 , J. Jia148 ,
Y. Jiang32b , M. Jimenez Belenguer41 , S. Jin32a , O. Jinnouchi157, M.D. Joergensen35, D. Joffe39 , L.G. Johansen13,
M. Johansen146a,146b, K.E. Johansson146a , P. Johansson139, S. Johnert41, K.A. Johns6 , K. Jon-And146a,146b, G. Jones170 ,
R.W.L. Jones71 , T.J. Jones73 , C. Joram29 , P.M. Jorge124a, K.D. Joshi82 , J. Jovicevic147 , T. Jovin12b , X. Ju173 , C.A. Jung42 ,
R.M. Jungst29 , V. Juranek125, P. Jussel61 , A. Juste Rozas11 , S. Kabana16 , M. Kaci167 , A. Kaczmarska38, P. Kadlecik35 , M. Kado115 ,
H. Kagan109, M. Kagan57 , E. Kajomovitz152, S. Kalinin175 , L.V. Kalinovskaya64, S. Kama39 , N. Kanaya155 , M. Kaneda29 ,
S. Kaneti27 , T. Kanno157 , V.A. Kantserov96, J. Kanzaki65 , B. Kaplan176 , A. Kapliy30 , J. Kaplon29 , D. Kar53 , M. Karagounis20,
M. Karnevskiy41, V. Kartvelishvili71 , A.N. Karyukhin128, L. Kashif173 , G. Kasieczka58b , R.D. Kass109 , A. Kastanas13 ,
M. Kataoka4 , Y. Kataoka155 , E. Katsoufis9 , J. Katzy41 , V. Kaushik6, K. Kawagoe69 , T. Kawamoto155, G. Kawamura81 ,
M.S. Kayl105 , V.A. Kazanin107 , M.Y. Kazarinov64, R. Keeler169 , R. Kehoe39 , M. Keil54 , G.D. Kekelidze64 , J.S. Keller138 ,
J. Kennedy98, M. Kenyon53, O. Kepka125 , N. Kerschen29, B.P. Kerševan74 , S. Kersten175 , K. Kessoku155 , J. Keung158 ,
F. Khalil-zada10 , H. Khandanyan165, A. Khanov112, D. Kharchenko64, A. Khodinov96, A. Khomich58a, T.J. Khoo27, G. Khoriauli20,
A. Khoroshilov175, V. Khovanskiy95, E. Khramov64, J. Khubua51b , H. Kim146a,146b , M.S. Kim2 , S.H. Kim160 , N. Kimura171,
O. Kind15 , B.T. King73 , M. King66 , R.S.B. King118 , J. Kirk129 , A.E. Kiryunin99 , T. Kishimoto66 , D. Kisielewska37 ,
T. Kittelmann123, A.M. Kiver128 , E. Kladiva144b , M. Klein73 , U. Klein73 , K. Kleinknecht81, M. Klemetti85 , A. Klier172 ,
P. Klimek146a,146b , A. Klimentov24, R. Klingenberg42, J.A. Klinger82 , E.B. Klinkby35, T. Klioutchnikova29, P.F. Klok104 ,
S. Klous105 , E.-E. Kluge58a , T. Kluge73 , P. Kluit105 , S. Kluth99 , N.S. Knecht158 , E. Kneringer61, E.B.F.G. Knoops83 , A. Knue54 ,
B.R. Ko44 , T. Kobayashi155, M. Kobel43 , M. Kocian143 , P. Kodys126 , K. Köneke29, A.C. König104 , S. Koenig81 , L. Köpke81 ,
F. Koetsveld104 , P. Koevesarki20, T. Koffas28 , E. Koffeman105, L.A. Kogan118, S. Kohlmann175, F. Kohn54, Z. Kohout127 ,
T. Kohriki65, T. Koi143 , G.M. Kolachev107 , H. Kolanoski15, V. Kolesnikov64, I. Koletsou89a , J. Koll88 , M. Kollefrath48 ,
A.A. Komar94 , Y. Komori155, T. Kondo65, T. Kono41,q , A.I. Kononov48, R. Konoplich108,r , N. Konstantinidis77 , A. Kootz175 ,
S. Koperny37, K. Korcyl38, K. Kordas154 , A. Korn118 , A. Korol107 , I. Korolkov11, E.V. Korolkova139, V.A. Korotkov128,
13
O. Kortner99, S. Kortner99, V.V. Kostyukhin20, S. Kotov99 , V.M. Kotov64 , A. Kotwal44 , C. Kourkoumelis8, V. Kouskoura154,
A. Koutsman159a, R. Kowalewski169 , T.Z. Kowalski37 , W. Kozanecki136, A.S. Kozhin128 , V. Kral127 , V.A. Kramarenko97,
G. Kramberger74, M.W. Krasny78 , A. Krasznahorkay108, J. Kraus88 , J.K. Kraus20 , F. Krejci127 , J. Kretzschmar73, N. Krieger54 ,
P. Krieger158 , K. Kroeninger54, H. Kroha99 , J. Kroll120 , J. Kroseberg20, J. Krstic12a , U. Kruchonak64, H. Krüger20, T. Kruker16,
N. Krumnack63, Z.V. Krumshteyn64, A. Kruth20 , T. Kubota86 , S. Kuday3a, S. Kuehn48 , A. Kugel58c, T. Kuhl41 , D. Kuhn61,
V. Kukhtin64, Y. Kulchitsky90, S. Kuleshov31b, C. Kummer98, M. Kuna78 , J. Kunkle120, A. Kupco125 , H. Kurashige66 , M. Kurata160 ,
Y.A. Kurochkin90, V. Kus125 , E.S. Kuwertz147 , M. Kuze157 , J. Kvita142 , R. Kwee15 , A. La Rosa49 , L. La Rotonda36a,36b,
L. Labarga80, J. Labbe4 , S. Lablak135a , C. Lacasta167 , F. Lacava132a,132b , H. Lacker15 , D. Lacour78 , V.R. Lacuesta167 , E. Ladygin64,
R. Lafaye4 , B. Laforge78, T. Lagouri80, S. Lai48 , E. Laisne55 , M. Lamanna29, L. Lambourne77, C.L. Lampen6, W. Lampl6 ,
E. Lancon136, U. Landgraf48, M.P.J. Landon75, J.L. Lane82 , C. Lange41 , A.J. Lankford163, F. Lanni24 , K. Lantzsch175 , S. Laplace78 ,
C. Lapoire20 , J.F. Laporte136 , T. Lari89a , A. Larner118, M. Lassnig29 , P. Laurelli47 , V. Lavorini36a,36b , W. Lavrijsen14 , P. Laycock73 ,
O. Le Dortz78 , E. Le Guirriec83 , C. Le Maner158 , E. Le Menedeu11 , T. LeCompte5 , F. Ledroit-Guillon55, H. Lee105 , J.S.H. Lee116 ,
S.C. Lee151 , L. Lee176 , M. Lefebvre169, M. Legendre136, B.C. LeGeyt120 , F. Legger98, C. Leggett14 , M. Lehmacher20,
G. Lehmann Miotto29 , X. Lei6 , M.A.L. Leite23d , R. Leitner126 , D. Lellouch172, B. Lemmer54, V. Lendermann58a, K.J.C. Leney145b ,
T. Lenz105 , G. Lenzen175, B. Lenzi29 , K. Leonhardt43, S. Leontsinis9 , F. Lepold58a , C. Leroy93 , J-R. Lessard169 , C.G. Lester27 ,
C.M. Lester120 , J. Levêque4, D. Levin87 , L.J. Levinson172, A. Lewis118 , G.H. Lewis108 , A.M. Leyko20 , M. Leyton15 , B. Li83 ,
H. Li173,s , S. Li32b,t , X. Li87 , Z. Liang118,u , H. Liao33 , B. Liberti133a , P. Lichard29, M. Lichtnecker98, K. Lie165 , W. Liebig13 ,
C. Limbach20 , A. Limosani86 , M. Limper62 , S.C. Lin151,v , F. Linde105 , J.T. Linnemann88, E. Lipeles120 , A. Lipniacka13,
T.M. Liss165 , D. Lissauer24 , A. Lister49 , A.M. Litke137 , C. Liu28 , D. Liu151 , H. Liu87 , J.B. Liu87 , M. Liu32b , Y. Liu32b ,
M. Livan119a,119b, S.S.A. Livermore118, A. Lleres55 , J. Llorente Merino80 , S.L. Lloyd75 , E. Lobodzinska41, P. Loch6 ,
W.S. Lockman137, T. Loddenkoetter20, F.K. Loebinger82, A. Loginov176, C.W. Loh168 , T. Lohse15 , K. Lohwasser48 ,
M. Lokajicek125, V.P. Lombardo4, R.E. Long71 , L. Lopes124a , D. Lopez Mateos57 , J. Lorenz98 , N. Lorenzo Martinez115 ,
M. Losada162 , P. Loscutoff14 , F. Lo Sterzo132a,132b , M.J. Losty159a , X. Lou40 , A. Lounis115 , K.F. Loureiro162, J. Love21 , P.A. Love71,
A.J. Lowe143,e , F. Lu32a , H.J. Lubatti138 , C. Luci132a,132b , A. Lucotte55 , A. Ludwig43 , D. Ludwig41, I. Ludwig48, J. Ludwig48,
F. Luehring60, G. Luijckx105 , W. Lukas61 , D. Lumb48, L. Luminari132a, E. Lund117, B. Lund-Jensen147, B. Lundberg79,
J. Lundberg146a,146b, J. Lundquist35, M. Lungwitz81, D. Lynn24 , E. Lytken79 , H. Ma24 , L.L. Ma173 , J.A. Macana Goia93 ,
G. Maccarrone47, A. Macchiolo99, B. Maček74 , J. Machado Miguens124a , R. Mackeprang35, R.J. Madaras14 , W.F. Mader43,
R. Maenner58c, T. Maeno24 , P. Mättig175 , S. Mättig41 , L. Magnoni29, E. Magradze54, K. Mahboubi48, S. Mahmoud73, G. Mahout17 ,
C. Maiani136 , C. Maidantchik23a, A. Maio124a,b , S. Majewski24 , Y. Makida65 , N. Makovec115, P. Mal136 , B. Malaescu29 ,
Pa. Malecki38 , P. Malecki38 , V.P. Maleev121 , F. Malek55 , U. Mallik62 , D. Malon5 , C. Malone143 , S. Maltezos9 , V. Malyshev107 ,
S. Malyukov29, R. Mameghani98, J. Mamuzic12b , A. Manabe65, L. Mandelli89a , I. Mandić74 , R. Mandrysch15, J. Maneira124a ,
P.S. Mangeard88, L. Manhaes de Andrade Filho23a , A. Mann54 , P.M. Manning137 , A. Manousakis-Katsikakis8, B. Mansoulie136,
A. Mapelli29 , L. Mapelli29 , L. March 80 , J.F. Marchand28, F. Marchese133a,133b , G. Marchiori78, M. Marcisovsky125, C.P. Marino169,
F. Marroquim23a, Z. Marshall29 , F.K. Martens158 , S. Marti-Garcia167, B. Martin29 , B. Martin88 , J.P. Martin93 , T.A. Martin17 ,
V.J. Martin45 , B. Martin dit Latour49 , S. Martin-Haugh149, M. Martinez11 , V. Martinez Outschoorn57, A.C. Martyniuk169,
M. Marx82 , F. Marzano132a , A. Marzin111 , L. Masetti81 , T. Mashimo155 , R. Mashinistov94, J. Masik82 , A.L. Maslennikov107,
I. Massa19a,19b , G. Massaro105 , N. Massol4 , A. Mastroberardino36a,36b, T. Masubuchi155, P. Matricon115 , H. Matsunaga155,
T. Matsushita66 , C. Mattravers118,c , J. Maurer83 , S.J. Maxfield73 , A. Mayne139 , R. Mazini151 , M. Mazur20 , L. Mazzaferro133a,133b,
M. Mazzanti89a , S.P. Mc Kee87 , A. McCarn165 , R.L. McCarthy148 , T.G. McCarthy28 , N.A. McCubbin129 , K.W. McFarlane56 ,
J.A. Mcfayden139, H. McGlone53 , G. Mchedlidze51b, T. Mclaughlan17, S.J. McMahon129, R.A. McPherson169, j , A. Meade84 ,
J. Mechnich105 , M. Mechtel175 , M. Medinnis41 , R. Meera-Lebbai111, T. Meguro116, S. Mehlhase35 , A. Mehta73 , K. Meier58a ,
B. Meirose79 , C. Melachrinos30, B.R. Mellado Garcia173 , F. Meloni89a,89b , L. Mendoza Navas162 , Z. Meng151,s ,
A. Mengarelli19a,19b, S. Menke99 , E. Meoni11 , K.M. Mercurio57, P. Mermod49, L. Merola102a,102b , C. Meroni89a , F.S. Merritt30 ,
H. Merritt109 , A. Messina29,w , J. Metcalfe103 , A.S. Mete163 , C. Meyer81, C. Meyer30 , J-P. Meyer136 , J. Meyer174, J. Meyer54,
T.C. Meyer29, W.T. Meyer63 , J. Miao32d , S. Michal29 , L. Micu25a , R.P. Middleton129, S. Migas73 , L. Mijović41, G. Mikenberg172,
M. Mikestikova125, M. Mikuž74 , D.W. Miller30 , R.J. Miller88 , W.J. Mills168 , C. Mills57 , A. Milov172 , D.A. Milstead146a,146b ,
D. Milstein172 , A.A. Minaenko128, M. Miñano Moya167 , I.A. Minashvili64 , A.I. Mincer108 , B. Mindur37 , M. Mineev64 , Y. Ming173 ,
L.M. Mir11 , G. Mirabelli132a , J. Mitrevski137 , V.A. Mitsou167 , S. Mitsui65 , P.S. Miyagawa139 , K. Miyazaki66, J.U. Mjörnmark79,
T. Moa146a,146b , P. Mockett138 , S. Moed57 , V. Moeller27 , K. Mönig41 , N. Möser20 , S. Mohapatra148, W. Mohr48 , R. Moles-Valls167 ,
J. Molina-Perez29, J. Monk77, E. Monnier83, S. Montesano89a,89b, F. Monticelli70 , S. Monzani19a,19b, R.W. Moore2,
G.F. Moorhead86, C. Mora Herrera49, A. Moraes53 , N. Morange136, J. Morel54 , G. Morello36a,36b, D. Moreno81, M. Moreno
Llácer167 , P. Morettini50a, M. Morgenstern43, M. Morii57 , J. Morin75 , A.K. Morley29 , G. Mornacchi29, J.D. Morris75 , L. Morvaj101,
H.G. Moser99 , M. Mosidze51b , J. Moss109 , R. Mount143 , E. Mountricha9,x , S.V. Mouraviev94, E.J.W. Moyse84 , F. Mueller58a ,
J. Mueller123 , K. Mueller20 , T.A. Müller98 , T. Mueller81 , D. Muenstermann29, Y. Munwes153 , W.J. Murray129 , I. Mussche105 ,
E. Musto102a,102b , A.G. Myagkov128, M. Myska125 , J. Nadal11 , K. Nagai160 , K. Nagano65, A. Nagarkar109, Y. Nagasaka59 ,
M. Nagel99 , A.M. Nairz29 , Y. Nakahama29, K. Nakamura155, T. Nakamura155, I. Nakano110 , G. Nanava20 , A. Napier161 ,
R. Narayan58b , M. Nash77,c , T. Nattermann20, T. Naumann41 , G. Navarro162 , H.A. Neal87 , P.Yu. Nechaeva94, T.J. Neep82 ,
14
A. Negri119a,119b , G. Negri29 , S. Nektarijevic49, A. Nelson163 , T.K. Nelson143 , S. Nemecek125 , P. Nemethy108,
A.A. Nepomuceno23a, M. Nessi29,y , M.S. Neubauer165, A. Neusiedl81 , R.M. Neves108 , P. Nevski24 , P.R. Newman17 ,
V. Nguyen Thi Hong136 , R.B. Nickerson118 , R. Nicolaidou136 , B. Nicquevert29, F. Niedercorn115, J. Nielsen137 , N. Nikiforou34,
A. Nikiforov15, V. Nikolaenko128, I. Nikolic-Audit78 , K. Nikolics49 , K. Nikolopoulos24, H. Nilsen48 , P. Nilsson7 , Y. Ninomiya 155 ,
A. Nisati132a , T. Nishiyama66 , R. Nisius99 , L. Nodulman5, M. Nomachi116 , I. Nomidis154 , M. Nordberg29, P.R. Norton129,
J. Novakova126, M. Nozaki65 , L. Nozka113 , I.M. Nugent159a , A.-E. Nuncio-Quiroz20, G. Nunes Hanninger86, T. Nunnemann98,
E. Nurse77 , B.J. O’Brien45 , S.W. O’Neale17,∗ , D.C. O’Neil142 , V. O’Shea53 , L.B. Oakes98 , F.G. Oakham28,d , H. Oberlack99 ,
J. Ocariz78 , A. Ochi66 , S. Oda69 , S. Odaka65 , J. Odier83 , H. Ogren60 , A. Oh82 , S.H. Oh44 , C.C. Ohm146a,146b , T. Ohshima101 ,
S. Okada66 , H. Okawa163 , Y. Okumura101, T. Okuyama155, A. Olariu25a , A.G. Olchevski64 , S.A. Olivares Pino31a , M. Oliveira124a,h ,
D. Oliveira Damazio24 , E. Oliver Garcia167 , D. Olivito120 , A. Olszewski38 , J. Olszowska38 , A. Onofre124a,z , P.U.E. Onyisi30 ,
C.J. Oram159a , M.J. Oreglia30 , Y. Oren153 , D. Orestano134a,134b , N. Orlando72a,72b, I. Orlov107 , C. Oropeza Barrera53 , R.S. Orr158 ,
B. Osculati50a,50b , R. Ospanov120, C. Osuna11 , G. Otero y Garzon26 , J.P. Ottersbach105 , M. Ouchrif135d, E.A. Ouellette169 ,
F. Ould-Saada117 , A. Ouraou136, Q. Ouyang32a, A. Ovcharova14, M. Owen82 , S. Owen139 , V.E. Ozcan18a , N. Ozturk7 ,
A. Pacheco Pages11 , C. Padilla Aranda11 , S. Pagan Griso14 , E. Paganis139 , F. Paige24 , P. Pais84 , K. Pajchel117 , G. Palacino159b ,
C.P. Paleari6 , S. Palestini29 , D. Pallin33 , A. Palma124a , J.D. Palmer17 , Y.B. Pan173 , E. Panagiotopoulou9, P. Pani105 ,
N. Panikashvili87, S. Panitkin24, D. Pantea25a , A. Papadelis146a , Th.D. Papadopoulou9, A. Paramonov5, D. Paredes Hernandez33,
W. Park24,aa , M.A. Parker27 , F. Parodi50a,50b, J.A. Parsons34 , U. Parzefall48 , S. Pashapour54, E. Pasqualucci132a , S. Passaggio50a ,
A. Passeri134a , F. Pastore134a,134b , Fr. Pastore76 , G. Pásztor 49,ab , S. Pataraia175 , N. Patel150 , J.R. Pater82 , S. Patricelli102a,102b ,
T. Pauly29 , M. Pecsy144a , M.I. Pedraza Morales173 , S.V. Peleganchuk107, D. Pelikan166 , H. Peng32b , B. Penning30, A. Penson34 ,
J. Penwell60 , M. Perantoni23a, K. Perez34,ac , T. Perez Cavalcanti41 , E. Perez Codina159a , M.T. Pérez Garcı́a-Estañ167 ,
V. Perez Reale34 , L. Perini89a,89b , H. Pernegger29, R. Perrino72a , P. Perrodo4, S. Persembe3a , V.D. Peshekhonov64, K. Peters29 ,
B.A. Petersen29 , J. Petersen29 , T.C. Petersen35 , E. Petit4 , A. Petridis154 , C. Petridou154 , E. Petrolo132a , F. Petrucci134a,134b ,
D. Petschull41 , M. Petteni142 , R. Pezoa31b , A. Phan86 , P.W. Phillips129 , G. Piacquadio29, A. Picazio49 , E. Piccaro75 ,
M. Piccinini19a,19b , S.M. Piec41 , R. Piegaia26 , D.T. Pignotti109 , J.E. Pilcher30 , A.D. Pilkington82, J. Pina124a,b , M. Pinamonti164a,164c,
A. Pinder118 , J.L. Pinfold2, B. Pinto124a , C. Pizio89a,89b , M. Plamondon169, M.-A. Pleier24 , E. Plotnikova64, A. Poblaguev24,
S. Poddar58a, F. Podlyski33 , L. Poggioli115, T. Poghosyan20, M. Pohl49 , F. Polci55 , G. Polesello119a , A. Policicchio36a,36b,
A. Polini19a , J. Poll75 , V. Polychronakos24, D.M. Pomarede136, D. Pomeroy22, K. Pommès29 , L. Pontecorvo132a, B.G. Pope88 ,
G.A. Popeneciu25a, D.S. Popovic12a, A. Poppleton29, X. Portell Bueso29 , G.E. Pospelov99, S. Pospisil127 , I.N. Potrap99 ,
C.J. Potter149 , C.T. Potter114 , G. Poulard29 , J. Poveda173 , V. Pozdnyakov64, R. Prabhu77, P. Pralavorio83 , A. Pranko14, S. Prasad29 ,
R. Pravahan24 , S. Prell63 , K. Pretzl16 , D. Price60 , J. Price73 , L.E. Price5 , D. Prieur123 , M. Primavera72a, K. Prokofiev108 ,
F. Prokoshin31b , S. Protopopescu24, J. Proudfoot5, X. Prudent43, M. Przybycien37, H. Przysiezniak4, S. Psoroulas20 , E. Ptacek114 ,
E. Pueschel84 , J. Purdham87, M. Purohit24,aa , P. Puzo115 , Y. Pylypchenko62, J. Qian87 , A. Quadt54 , D.R. Quarrie14 , W.B. Quayle173 ,
F. Quinonez31a, M. Raas104 , V. Radescu41 , P. Radloff114 , T. Rador18a , F. Ragusa89a,89b , G. Rahal178 , A.M. Rahimi109 , D. Rahm24 ,
S. Rajagopalan24, M. Rammensee48 , M. Rammes141 , A.S. Randle-Conde39, K. Randrianarivony28, F. Rauscher98 , T.C. Rave48 ,
M. Raymond29, A.L. Read117 , D.M. Rebuzzi119a,119b , A. Redelbach174 , G. Redlinger24, R. Reece120 , K. Reeves40 ,
E. Reinherz-Aronis153, A. Reinsch114 , I. Reisinger42 , C. Rembser29 , Z.L. Ren151 , A. Renaud115 , M. Rescigno132a , S. Resconi89a ,
B. Resende136 , P. Reznicek98 , R. Rezvani158 , R. Richter99 , E. Richter-Was4,ad , M. Ridel78 , M. Rijpstra105 , M. Rijssenbeek148 ,
A. Rimoldi119a,119b , L. Rinaldi19a , R.R. Rios39 , I. Riu11 , G. Rivoltella89a,89b , F. Rizatdinova112 , E. Rizvi75 , S.H. Robertson85, j ,
A. Robichaud-Veronneau118, D. Robinson27, J.E.M. Robinson77 , A. Robson53 , J.G. Rocha de Lima106 , C. Roda122a,122b ,
D. Roda Dos Santos29 , D. Rodriguez162, A. Roe54 , S. Roe29 , O. Røhne117 , S. Rolli161 , A. Romaniouk96, M. Romano19a,19b,
G. Romeo26 , E. Romero Adam167 , L. Roos78 , E. Ros167 , S. Rosati132a , K. Rosbach49 , A. Rose149 , M. Rose76 , G.A. Rosenbaum158,
E.I. Rosenberg63, P.L. Rosendahl13 , O. Rosenthal141 , L. Rosselet49 , V. Rossetti11 , E. Rossi132a,132b , L.P. Rossi50a , M. Rotaru25a ,
I. Roth172 , J. Rothberg138, D. Rousseau115 , C.R. Royon136 , A. Rozanov83 , Y. Rozen152 , X. Ruan32a,ae , F. Rubbo11, I. Rubinskiy41 ,
B. Ruckert98 , N. Ruckstuhl105 , V.I. Rud97 , C. Rudolph43 , G. Rudolph61, F. Rühr6 , F. Ruggieri134a,134b , A. Ruiz-Martinez63,
L. Rumyantsev64, K. Runge48 , Z. Rurikova48, N.A. Rusakovich64, J.P. Rutherfoord6, C. Ruwiedel14 , P. Ruzicka125 , Y.F. Ryabov121,
P. Ryan88 , M. Rybar126 , G. Rybkin115 , N.C. Ryder118 , A.F. Saavedra150 , I. Sadeh153 , H.F-W. Sadrozinski137, R. Sadykov64,
F. Safai Tehrani132a , H. Sakamoto155 , G. Salamanna75, A. Salamon133a , M. Saleem111 , D. Salek29 , D. Salihagic99 , A. Salnikov143,
J. Salt167 , B.M. Salvachua Ferrando5, D. Salvatore36a,36b , F. Salvatore149 , A. Salvucci104 , A. Salzburger29, D. Sampsonidis154 ,
B.H. Samset117 , A. Sanchez102a,102b , V. Sanchez Martinez167 , H. Sandaker13 , H.G. Sander81 , M.P. Sanders98 , M. Sandhoff175,
T. Sandoval27, C. Sandoval 162 , R. Sandstroem99, D.P.C. Sankey129 , A. Sansoni47 , C. Santamarina Rios85 , C. Santoni33 ,
R. Santonico133a,133b, H. Santos124a , J.G. Saraiva124a , T. Sarangi173 , E. Sarkisyan-Grinbaum7, F. Sarri122a,122b , G. Sartisohn175 ,
O. Sasaki65 , N. Sasao67 , I. Satsounkevitch90, G. Sauvage4 , E. Sauvan4 , J.B. Sauvan115 , P. Savard158,d , V. Savinov123, D.O. Savu29 ,
L. Sawyer24,l , D.H. Saxon53 , J. Saxon120 , C. Sbarra19a, A. Sbrizzi19a,19b , O. Scallon93 , D.A. Scannicchio163, M. Scarcella150 ,
J. Schaarschmidt115, P. Schacht99 , D. Schaefer120 , U. Schäfer81 , S. Schaepe20 , S. Schaetzel58b , A.C. Schaffer115 , D. Schaile98 ,
R.D. Schamberger148, A.G. Schamov107, V. Scharf58a , V.A. Schegelsky121, D. Scheirich87, M. Schernau163, M.I. Scherzer34,
C. Schiavi50a,50b , J. Schieck98 , M. Schioppa36a,36b, S. Schlenker29, E. Schmidt48 , K. Schmieden20, C. Schmitt81 , S. Schmitt58b ,
M. Schmitz20 , B. Schneider16, U. Schnoor43, A. Schöning58b, M. Schott29 , D. Schouten159a, J. Schovancova125, M. Schram85 ,
15
C. Schroeder81, N. Schroer58c, M.J. Schultens20 , J. Schultes175 , H.-C. Schultz-Coulon58a, H. Schulz15 , J.W. Schumacher20,
M. Schumacher48, B.A. Schumm137 , Ph. Schune136, C. Schwanenberger82, A. Schwartzman143, Ph. Schwemling78,
R. Schwienhorst88 , R. Schwierz43 , J. Schwindling136 , T. Schwindt20 , M. Schwoerer4, G. Sciolla22 , W.G. Scott129 , J. Searcy114 ,
G. Sedov41, E. Sedykh121 , S.C. Seidel103 , A. Seiden137 , F. Seifert43 , J.M. Seixas23a , G. Sekhniaidze102a, S.J. Sekula39 ,
K.E. Selbach45 , D.M. Seliverstov121, B. Sellden146a , G. Sellers73 , M. Seman144b , N. Semprini-Cesari19a,19b, C. Serfon98,
L. Serin115 , L. Serkin54 , R. Seuster99 , H. Severini111 , A. Sfyrla29 , E. Shabalina54, M. Shamim114 , L.Y. Shan32a , J.T. Shank21 ,
Q.T. Shao86 , M. Shapiro14 , P.B. Shatalov95 , K. Shaw164a,164c, D. Sherman176 , P. Sherwood77, A. Shibata108 , H. Shichi101 ,
S. Shimizu29 , M. Shimojima100 , T. Shin56 , M. Shiyakova64, A. Shmeleva94 , M.J. Shochet30 , D. Short118 , S. Shrestha63 ,
E. Shulga96, M.A. Shupe6, P. Sicho125 , A. Sidoti132a , F. Siegert48 , Dj. Sijacki12a , O. Silbert172 , J. Silva124a , Y. Silver153 ,
D. Silverstein143 , S.B. Silverstein146a , V. Simak127 , O. Simard136 , Lj. Simic12a , S. Simion115 , B. Simmons77 , R. Simoniello89a,89b ,
M. Simonyan35, P. Sinervo158 , N.B. Sinev114 , V. Sipica141 , G. Siragusa174 , A. Sircar24 , A.N. Sisakyan64 , S.Yu. Sivoklokov97,
J. Sjölin146a,146b , T.B. Sjursen13 , L.A. Skinnari14 , H.P. Skottowe57 , K. Skovpen107, P. Skubic111 , M. Slater17 , T. Slavicek127 ,
K. Sliwa161 , V. Smakhtin172, B.H. Smart45 , S.Yu. Smirnov96, Y. Smirnov96, L.N. Smirnova97, O. Smirnova79, B.C. Smith57 ,
D. Smith143 , K.M. Smith53 , M. Smizanska71 , K. Smolek127 , A.A. Snesarev94 , S.W. Snow82 , J. Snow111 , S. Snyder24, R. Sobie169, j ,
J. Sodomka127, A. Soffer153 , C.A. Solans167 , M. Solar127 , J. Solc127 , E. Soldatov96, U. Soldevila167 , E. Solfaroli Camillocci132a,132b ,
A.A. Solodkov128, O.V. Solovyanov128, N. Soni2 , V. Sopko127 , B. Sopko127 , M. Sosebee7 , R. Soualah164a,164c, A. Soukharev107,
S. Spagnolo72a,72b, F. Spanò76 , R. Spighi19a , G. Spigo29 , F. Spila132a,132b , R. Spiwoks29 , M. Spousta126 , T. Spreitzer158 ,
B. Spurlock7, R.D. St. Denis53 , J. Stahlman120 , R. Stamen58a , E. Stanecka38 , R.W. Stanek5 , C. Stanescu134a , M. Stanescu-Bellu41 ,
S. Stapnes117 , E.A. Starchenko128, J. Stark55 , P. Staroba125 , P. Starovoitov41, A. Staude98 , P. Stavina144a , G. Steele53 ,
P. Steinbach43 , P. Steinberg24, I. Stekl127 , B. Stelzer142 , H.J. Stelzer88 , O. Stelzer-Chilton159a , H. Stenzel52 , S. Stern99 ,
G.A. Stewart29 , J.A. Stillings20 , M.C. Stockton85, K. Stoerig48 , G. Stoicea25a , S. Stonjek99 , P. Strachota126 , A.R. Stradling7 ,
A. Straessner43 , J. Strandberg147, S. Strandberg146a,146b, A. Strandlie117 , M. Strang109 , E. Strauss143 , M. Strauss111 , P. Strizenec144b ,
R. Ströhmer174 , D.M. Strom114 , J.A. Strong76,∗ , R. Stroynowski39, J. Strube129 , B. Stugu13 , I. Stumer24,∗ , J. Stupak148 , P. Sturm175 ,
N.A. Styles41 , D.A. Soh151,u , D. Su143 , HS. Subramania2, A. Succurro11, Y. Sugaya116, C. Suhr106 , K. Suita66 , M. Suk126 ,
V.V. Sulin94 , S. Sultansoy3d , T. Sumida67 , X. Sun55 , J.E. Sundermann48, K. Suruliz139 , G. Susinno36a,36b, M.R. Sutton149 ,
Y. Suzuki65 , Y. Suzuki66 , M. Svatos125 , S. Swedish168 , I. Sykora144a , T. Sykora126 , J. Sánchez167 , D. Ta105 , K. Tackmann41,
A. Taffard163 , R. Tafirout159a , N. Taiblum153 , Y. Takahashi101 , H. Takai24 , R. Takashima68 , H. Takeda66 , T. Takeshita140 ,
Y. Takubo65, M. Talby83 , A. Talyshev107, f , M.C. Tamsett24 , J. Tanaka155 , R. Tanaka115 , S. Tanaka131 , S. Tanaka65 ,
A.J. Tanasijczuk142 , K. Tani66 , N. Tannoury83, S. Tapprogge81, D. Tardif158 , S. Tarem152 , F. Tarrade28, G.F. Tartarelli89a , P. Tas126 ,
M. Tasevsky125 , E. Tassi36a,36b , M. Tatarkhanov14, Y. Tayalati135d , C. Taylor77 , F.E. Taylor92 , G.N. Taylor86 , W. Taylor159b ,
M. Teinturier115, M. Teixeira Dias Castanheira75 , P. Teixeira-Dias76, K.K. Temming48, H. Ten Kate29 , P.K. Teng151 , S. Terada65 ,
K. Terashi155 , J. Terron80, M. Testa47 , R.J. Teuscher158, j , J. Therhaag20, T. Theveneaux-Pelzer78, M. Thioye176 , S. Thoma48 ,
J.P. Thomas17 , E.N. Thompson34, P.D. Thompson17, P.D. Thompson158, A.S. Thompson53, L.A. Thomsen35, E. Thomson120,
M. Thomson27, R.P. Thun87, F. Tian34 , M.J. Tibbetts14 , T. Tic125 , V.O. Tikhomirov94, Y.A. Tikhonov107, f , S. Timoshenko96,
P. Tipton176 , F.J. Tique Aires Viegas29 , S. Tisserant83 , T. Todorov4, S. Todorova-Nova161, B. Toggerson163, J. Tojo69 , S. Tokár144a ,
K. Tokunaga66, K. Tokushuku65, K. Tollefson88 , M. Tomoto101 , L. Tompkins30 , K. Toms103 , A. Tonoyan13, C. Topfel16 ,
N.D. Topilin64 , I. Torchiani29 , E. Torrence114, H. Torres78 , E. Torró Pastor167 , J. Toth83,ab , F. Touchard83, D.R. Tovey139,
T. Trefzger174, L. Tremblet29 , A. Tricoli29 , I.M. Trigger159a, S. Trincaz-Duvoid78, M.F. Tripiana70 , W. Trischuk158, B. Trocmé55,
C. Troncon89a, M. Trottier-McDonald142, M. Trzebinski38, A. Trzupek38, C. Tsarouchas29 , J.C-L. Tseng118 , M. Tsiakiris105 ,
P.V. Tsiareshka90 , D. Tsionou4,a f , G. Tsipolitis9 , V. Tsiskaridze48 , E.G. Tskhadadze51a, I.I. Tsukerman95, V. Tsulaia14 ,
J.-W. Tsung20 , S. Tsuno65 , D. Tsybychev148, A. Tua139 , A. Tudorache25a, V. Tudorache25a, J.M. Tuggle30 , M. Turala38 ,
D. Turecek127, I. Turk Cakir3e , E. Turlay105 , R. Turra89a,89b , P.M. Tuts34 , A. Tykhonov74, M. Tylmad146a,146b, M. Tyndel129 ,
G. Tzanakos8, K. Uchida20 , I. Ueda155 , R. Ueno28 , M. Ugland13 , M. Uhlenbrock20, M. Uhrmacher54, F. Ukegawa160, G. Unal29 ,
A. Undrus24 , G. Unel163 , Y. Unno65, D. Urbaniec34 , G. Usai7 , M. Uslenghi119a,119b , L. Vacavant83 , V. Vacek127 , B. Vachon85,
S. Vahsen14 , J. Valenta125 , P. Valente132a , S. Valentinetti19a,19b , S. Valkar126 , E. Valladolid Gallego167 , S. Vallecorsa152 ,
J.A. Valls Ferrer167 , H. van der Graaf105 , E. van der Kraaij105 , R. Van Der Leeuw105 , E. van der Poel105 , D. van der Ster29 ,
N. van Eldik84 , P. van Gemmeren5, I. van Vulpen105 , M. Vanadia99, W. Vandelli29 , A. Vaniachine5, P. Vankov41, F. Vannucci78,
R. Vari132a , T. Varol84 , D. Varouchas14, A. Vartapetian7 , K.E. Varvell150 , V.I. Vassilakopoulos56, F. Vazeille33 ,
T. Vazquez Schroeder54, G. Vegni89a,89b , J.J. Veillet115 , F. Veloso124a , R. Veness29 , S. Veneziano132a, A. Ventura72a,72b,
D. Ventura84, M. Venturi48 , N. Venturi158 , V. Vercesi119a , M. Verducci138 , W. Verkerke105 , J.C. Vermeulen105, A. Vest43 ,
M.C. Vetterli142,d , I. Vichou165, T. Vickey145b,ag , O.E. Vickey Boeriu145b , G.H.A. Viehhauser118 , S. Viel168 , M. Villa19a,19b ,
M. Villaplana Perez167 , E. Vilucchi47 , M.G. Vincter28 , E. Vinek29 , V.B. Vinogradov64, M. Virchaux136,∗ , J. Virzi14 , O. Vitells172 ,
M. Viti41 , I. Vivarelli48 , F. Vives Vaque2 , S. Vlachos9 , D. Vladoiu98 , M. Vlasak127 , A. Vogel20 , P. Vokac127 , G. Volpi47 , M. Volpi86 ,
G. Volpini89a , H. von der Schmitt99 , J. von Loeben99, H. von Radziewski48 , E. von Toerne20, V. Vorobel126, V. Vorwerk11,
M. Vos167 , R. Voss29 , T.T. Voss175 , J.H. Vossebeld73 , N. Vranjes136 , M. Vranjes Milosavljevic105 , V. Vrba125 , M. Vreeswijk105 ,
T. Vu Anh48 , R. Vuillermet29 , I. Vukotic115, W. Wagner175 , P. Wagner120 , H. Wahlen175 , S. Wahrmund43, J. Wakabayashi101 ,
S. Walch87 , J. Walder71 , R. Walker98 , W. Walkowiak141 , R. Wall176 , P. Waller73 , C. Wang44 , H. Wang173 , H. Wang32b,ah ,
16
J. Wang151 , J. Wang55 , J.C. Wang138 , R. Wang103 , S.M. Wang151 , T. Wang20 , A. Warburton85 , C.P. Ward27 , M. Warsinsky48 ,
A. Washbrook45, C. Wasicki41 , P.M. Watkins17 , A.T. Watson17 , I.J. Watson150 , M.F. Watson17 , G. Watts138 , S. Watts82 ,
A.T. Waugh150 , B.M. Waugh77 , M. Weber129 , M.S. Weber16 , P. Weber54 , A.R. Weidberg118 , P. Weigell99 , J. Weingarten54,
C. Weiser48 , H. Wellenstein22 , P.S. Wells29 , T. Wenaus24 , D. Wendland15 , Z. Weng151,u , T. Wengler29 , S. Wenig29 , N. Wermes20 ,
M. Werner48 , P. Werner29 , M. Werth163 , M. Wessels58a , J. Wetter161 , C. Weydert55 , K. Whalen28 , S.J. Wheeler-Ellis163 , A. White7 ,
M.J. White86 , S. White122a,122b , S.R. Whitehead118 , D. Whiteson163 , D. Whittington60, F. Wicek115 , D. Wicke175 , F.J. Wickens129 ,
W. Wiedenmann173, M. Wielers129 , P. Wienemann20, C. Wiglesworth75 , L.A.M. Wiik-Fuchs48 , P.A. Wijeratne77 , A. Wildauer167 ,
M.A. Wildt41,q , I. Wilhelm126 , H.G. Wilkens29 , J.Z. Will98 , E. Williams34 , H.H. Williams120 , W. Willis34 , S. Willocq84 ,
J.A. Wilson17 , M.G. Wilson143 , A. Wilson87 , I. Wingerter-Seez4, S. Winkelmann48, F. Winklmeier29 , M. Wittgen143 ,
M.W. Wolter38 , H. Wolters124a,h , W.C. Wong40 , G. Wooden87 , B.K. Wosiek38 , J. Wotschack29 , M.J. Woudstra84 , K.W. Wozniak38 ,
K. Wraight53 , C. Wright53 , M. Wright53 , B. Wrona73 , S.L. Wu173 , X. Wu49 , Y. Wu32b,ai , E. Wulf34 , B.M. Wynne45 , S. Xella35 ,
M. Xiao136 , S. Xie48 , C. Xu32b,x , D. Xu139 , B. Yabsley150 , S. Yacoob145b, M. Yamada65, H. Yamaguchi155, A. Yamamoto65,
K. Yamamoto63, S. Yamamoto155, T. Yamamura155, T. Yamanaka155, J. Yamaoka44 , T. Yamazaki155 , Y. Yamazaki66, Z. Yan21 ,
H. Yang87 , U.K. Yang82 , Y. Yang60 , Z. Yang146a,146b, S. Yanush91, L. Yao32a , Y. Yao14 , Y. Yasu65 , G.V. Ybeles Smit130 , J. Ye39 ,
S. Ye24 , M. Yilmaz3c , R. Yoosoofmiya123, K. Yorita171 , R. Yoshida5 , C. Young143, C.J. Young118, S. Youssef21 , D. Yu24 , J. Yu7 ,
J. Yu112 , L. Yuan66, A. Yurkewicz106 , B. Zabinski38 , R. Zaidan62 , A.M. Zaitsev128 , Z. Zajacova29, L. Zanello132a,132b ,
A. Zaytsev107 , C. Zeitnitz175 , M. Zeller176 , M. Zeman125 , A. Zemla38 , C. Zendler20, O. Zenin128 , T. Ženiš144a , Z. Zinonos122a,122b,
S. Zenz14 , D. Zerwas115 , G. Zevi della Porta57 , Z. Zhan32d , D. Zhang32b,ah , H. Zhang88 , J. Zhang5 , X. Zhang32d , Z. Zhang115,
L. Zhao108 , T. Zhao138 , Z. Zhao32b , A. Zhemchugov64, J. Zhong118, B. Zhou87, N. Zhou163 , Y. Zhou151 , C.G. Zhu32d , H. Zhu41 ,
J. Zhu87 , Y. Zhu32b , X. Zhuang98, V. Zhuravlov99, D. Zieminska60 , R. Zimmermann20, S. Zimmermann20, S. Zimmermann48,
M. Ziolkowski141, R. Zitoun4, L. Živković34, V.V. Zmouchko128,∗ , G. Zobernig173, A. Zoccoli19a,19b , M. zur Nedden15 ,
V. Zutshi106 , L. Zwalinski29 .
1
University at Albany, Albany NY, United States of America
Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton AB, Canada
3 (a)
Department of Physics, Ankara University, Ankara; (b) Department of Physics, Dumlupinar University, Kutahya; (c) Department
of Physics, Gazi University, Ankara; (d) Division of Physics, TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Ankara; (e) Turkish
Atomic Energy Authority, Ankara, Turkey
4
LAPP, CNRS/IN2P3 and Université de Savoie, Annecy-le-Vieux, France
5
High Energy Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne IL, United States of America
6
Department of Physics, University of Arizona, Tucson AZ, United States of America
7
Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington TX, United States of America
8
Physics Department, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
9
Physics Department, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou, Greece
10
Institute of Physics, Azerbaijan Academy of Sciences, Baku, Azerbaijan
11
Institut de Fı́sica d’Altes Energies and Departament de Fı́sica de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and ICREA, Barcelona,
Spain
12 (a)
Institute of Physics, University of Belgrade, Belgrade; (b) Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade,
Belgrade, Serbia
13
Department for Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
14
Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley CA, United States of America
15
Department of Physics, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
16
Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics and Laboratory for High Energy Physics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
17
School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
18 (a)
Department of Physics, Bogazici University, Istanbul; (b) Division of Physics, Dogus University, Istanbul; (c) Department of
Physics Engineering, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep; (d) Department of Physics, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
19 (a)
INFN Sezione di Bologna; (b) Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
20
Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
21
Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston MA, United States of America
22
Department of Physics, Brandeis University, Waltham MA, United States of America
23 (a)
Universidade Federal do Rio De Janeiro COPPE/EE/IF, Rio de Janeiro; (b) Federal University of Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Juiz de
Fora; (c) Federal University of Sao Joao del Rei (UFSJ), Sao Joao del Rei; (d) Instituto de Fisica, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao
Paulo, Brazil
24
Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton NY, United States of America
25 (a)
National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest; (b) University Politehnica Bucharest, Bucharest; (c) West
University in Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
26
Departamento de Fı́sica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
2
17
27
Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa ON, Canada
29
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
30
Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago IL, United States of America
31 (a)
Departamento de Fisica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago; (b) Departamento de Fı́sica, Universidad Técnica
Federico Santa Marı́a, Valparaı́so, Chile
32 (a)
Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing; (b) Department of Modern Physics, University of
Science and Technology of China, Anhui; (c) Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Jiangsu; (d) School of Physics, Shandong
University, Shandong, China
33
Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire, Clermont Université and Université Blaise Pascal and CNRS/IN2P3, Aubiere Cedex,
France
34
Nevis Laboratory, Columbia University, Irvington NY, United States of America
35
Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Kobenhavn, Denmark
36 (a)
INFN Gruppo Collegato di Cosenza; (b) Dipartimento di Fisica, Università della Calabria, Arcavata di Rende, Italy
37
AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Krakow, Poland
38
The Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
39
Physics Department, Southern Methodist University, Dallas TX, United States of America
40
Physics Department, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson TX, United States of America
41
DESY, Hamburg and Zeuthen, Germany
42
Institut für Experimentelle Physik IV, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
43
Institut für Kern- und Teilchenphysik, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
44
Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham NC, United States of America
45
SUPA - School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
46
Fachhochschule Wiener Neustadt, Johannes Gutenbergstrasse 3 2700 Wiener Neustadt, Austria
47
INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
48
Fakultät für Mathematik und Physik, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg i.Br., Germany
49
Section de Physique, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
50 (a)
INFN Sezione di Genova; (b) Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, Genova, Italy
51 (a)
E.Andronikashvili Institute of Physics, Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi; (b) High Energy Physics Institute, Tbilisi State
University, Tbilisi, Georgia
52
II Physikalisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany
53
SUPA - School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
54
II Physikalisches Institut, Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen, Germany
55
Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie, Université Joseph Fourier and CNRS/IN2P3 and Institut National
Polytechnique de Grenoble, Grenoble, France
56
Department of Physics, Hampton University, Hampton VA, United States of America
57
Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge MA, United States of America
58 (a)
Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg; (b) Physikalisches Institut,
Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg; (c) ZITI Institut für technische Informatik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität
Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
59
Faculty of Applied Information Science, Hiroshima Institute of Technology, Hiroshima, Japan
60
Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington IN, United States of America
61
Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität, Innsbruck, Austria
62
University of Iowa, Iowa City IA, United States of America
63
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames IA, United States of America
64
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, JINR Dubna, Dubna, Russia
65
KEK, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
66
Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
67
Faculty of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
68
Kyoto University of Education, Kyoto, Japan
69
Department of Physics, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
70
Instituto de Fı́sica La Plata, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
71
Physics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
72 (a)
INFN Sezione di Lecce; (b) Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy
73
Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
74
Department of Physics, Jožef Stefan Institute and University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
75
School of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
28
18
76
Department of Physics, Royal Holloway University of London, Surrey, United Kingdom
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, United Kingdom
78
Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, UPMC and Université Paris-Diderot and CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
79
Fysiska institutionen, Lunds universitet, Lund, Sweden
80
Departamento de Fisica Teorica C-15, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
81
Institut für Physik, Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
82
School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
83
CPPM, Aix-Marseille Université and CNRS/IN2P3, Marseille, France
84
Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst MA, United States of America
85
Department of Physics, McGill University, Montreal QC, Canada
86
School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
87
Department of Physics, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor MI, United States of America
88
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing MI, United States of America
89 (a)
INFN Sezione di Milano; (b) Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano, Milano, Italy
90
B.I. Stepanov Institute of Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Republic of Belarus
91
National Scientific and Educational Centre for Particle and High Energy Physics, Minsk, Republic of Belarus
92
Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge MA, United States of America
93
Group of Particle Physics, University of Montreal, Montreal QC, Canada
94
P.N. Lebedev Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
95
Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics (ITEP), Moscow, Russia
96
Moscow Engineering and Physics Institute (MEPhI), Moscow, Russia
97
Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
98
Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
99
Max-Planck-Institut für Physik (Werner-Heisenberg-Institut), München, Germany
100
Nagasaki Institute of Applied Science, Nagasaki, Japan
101
Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
102 (a)
INFN Sezione di Napoli; (b) Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Università di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
103
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque NM, United States of America
104
Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics, Radboud University Nijmegen/Nikhef, Nijmegen, Netherlands
105
Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
106
Department of Physics, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb IL, United States of America
107
Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
108
Department of Physics, New York University, New York NY, United States of America
109
Ohio State University, Columbus OH, United States of America
110
Faculty of Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
111
Homer L. Dodge Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Oklahoma, Norman OK, United States of America
112
Department of Physics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater OK, United States of America
113
Palacký University, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic
114
Center for High Energy Physics, University of Oregon, Eugene OR, United States of America
115
LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud and CNRS/IN2P3, Orsay, France
116
Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
117
Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
118
Department of Physics, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
119 (a)
INFN Sezione di Pavia; (b) Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
120
Department of Physics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, United States of America
121
Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina, Russia
122 (a)
INFN Sezione di Pisa; (b) Dipartimento di Fisica E. Fermi, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
123
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA, United States of America
124 (a)
Laboratorio de Instrumentacao e Fisica Experimental de Particulas - LIP, Lisboa, Portugal; (b) Departamento de Fisica Teorica
y del Cosmos and CAFPE, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
125
Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Praha, Czech Republic
126
Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University in Prague, Praha, Czech Republic
127
Czech Technical University in Prague, Praha, Czech Republic
128
State Research Center Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino, Russia
129
Particle Physics Department, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, United Kingdom
130
Physics Department, University of Regina, Regina SK, Canada
131
Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
77
19
132 (a)
INFN Sezione di Roma I; (b) Dipartimento di Fisica, Università La Sapienza, Roma, Italy
INFN Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata; (b) Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy
134 (a)
INFN Sezione di Roma Tre; (b) Dipartimento di Fisica, Università Roma Tre, Roma, Italy
135 (a)
Faculté des Sciences Ain Chock, Réseau Universitaire de Physique des Hautes Energies - Université Hassan II, Casablanca;
(b)
Centre National de l’Energie des Sciences Techniques Nucleaires, Rabat; (c) Faculté des Sciences Semlalia, Université Cadi
Ayyad, LPHEA-Marrakech; (d) Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohamed Premier and LPTPM, Oujda; (e) Faculty of sciences,
Mohammed V-Agdal University, Rabat, Morocco
136
DSM/IRFU (Institut de Recherches sur les Lois Fondamentales de l’Univers), CEA Saclay (Commissariat a l’Energie
Atomique), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
137
Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz CA, United States of America
138
Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle WA, United States of America
139
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
140
Department of Physics, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan
141
Fachbereich Physik, Universität Siegen, Siegen, Germany
142
Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby BC, Canada
143
SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford CA, United States of America
144 (a)
Faculty of Mathematics, Physics & Informatics, Comenius University, Bratislava; (b) Department of Subnuclear Physics,
Institute of Experimental Physics of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Kosice, Slovak Republic
145 (a)
Department of Physics, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg; (b) School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand,
Johannesburg, South Africa
146 (a)
Department of Physics, Stockholm University; (b) The Oskar Klein Centre, Stockholm, Sweden
147
Physics Department, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
148
Departments of Physics & Astronomy and Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY, United States of America
149
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
150
School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
151
Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
152
Department of Physics, Technion: Israel Inst. of Technology, Haifa, Israel
153
Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
154
Department of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
155
International Center for Elementary Particle Physics and Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
156
Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
157
Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
158
Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto ON, Canada
159 (a)
TRIUMF, Vancouver BC; (b) Department of Physics and Astronomy, York University, Toronto ON, Canada
160
Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba,1-1-1 Tennodai,Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
161
Science and Technology Center, Tufts University, Medford MA, United States of America
162
Centro de Investigaciones, Universidad Antonio Narino, Bogota, Colombia
163
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Irvine, Irvine CA, United States of America
164 (a)
INFN Gruppo Collegato di Udine; (b) ICTP, Trieste; (c) Dipartimento di Chimica, Fisica e Ambiente, Università di Udine,
Udine, Italy
165
Department of Physics, University of Illinois, Urbana IL, United States of America
166
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
167
Instituto de Fı́sica Corpuscular (IFIC) and Departamento de Fı́sica Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear and Departamento de
Ingenierı́a Electrónica and Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM), University of Valencia and CSIC, Valencia,
Spain
168
Department of Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC, Canada
169
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria BC, Canada
170
Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
171
Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
172
Department of Particle Physics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
173
Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison WI, United States of America
174
Fakultät für Physik und Astronomie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität, Würzburg, Germany
175
Fachbereich C Physik, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
176
Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven CT, United States of America
177
Yerevan Physics Institute, Yerevan, Armenia
178
Domaine scientifique de la Doua, Centre de Calcul CNRS/IN2P3, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
a
Also at Laboratorio de Instrumentacao e Fisica Experimental de Particulas - LIP, Lisboa, Portugal
133 (a)
20
b
Also at Faculdade de Ciencias and CFNUL, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
Also at Particle Physics Department, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, United Kingdom
d
Also at TRIUMF, Vancouver BC, Canada
e
Also at Department of Physics, California State University, Fresno CA, United States of America
f
Also at Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
g
Also at Fermilab, Batavia IL, United States of America
h
Also at Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
i
Also at Università di Napoli Parthenope, Napoli, Italy
j
Also at Institute of Particle Physics (IPP), Canada
k
Also at Department of Physics, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
l
Also at Louisiana Tech University, Ruston LA, United States of America
m
Also at Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, United Kingdom
n
Also at Group of Particle Physics, University of Montreal, Montreal QC, Canada
o
Also at Department of Physics, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
p
Also at Institute of Physics, Azerbaijan Academy of Sciences, Baku, Azerbaijan
q
Also at Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
r
Also at Manhattan College, New York NY, United States of America
s
Also at School of Physics, Shandong University, Shandong, China
t
Also at CPPM, Aix-Marseille Université and CNRS/IN2P3, Marseille, France
u
Also at School of Physics and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guanzhou, China
v
Also at Academia Sinica Grid Computing, Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
w
Also at Dipartimento di Fisica, Università La Sapienza, Roma, Italy
x
Also at DSM/IRFU (Institut de Recherches sur les Lois Fondamentales de l’Univers), CEA Saclay (Commissariat a l’Energie
Atomique), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
y
Also at Section de Physique, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
z
Also at Departamento de Fisica, Universidade de Minho, Braga, Portugal
aa
Also at Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia SC, United States of America
ab
Also at Institute for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Budapest, Hungary
ac
Also at California Institute of Technology, Pasadena CA, United States of America
ad
Also at Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
ae
Also at LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud and CNRS/IN2P3, Orsay, France
af
Also at Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
ag
Also at Department of Physics, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
ah
Also at Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
ai
Also at Department of Physics, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor MI, United States of America
∗
Deceased
c
21