The
Language
Teacher
ISSN 0289-7938
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In this issue:
• Feature Article
Masanori Tokeshi investigates the listening comprehension
processes of Japanese junior high school students . . . . . .3
• Readers’ Forums
-Osamu Hanaoka looks at raising learner awareness of
grammar through spoken discourse in the media. . . . . . . 9
-Charlie Canning examines research and teaching . . . . . 15
-David Barker and Juanita Heigham highlight common
problems of conference presentations . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17
• My Share
Articles by Terence McLean, Warren Midgley, Daragh
Hayes, and Christopher Bozek. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21
• Book Reviews
by Nic Farrow, Jo Brooks, and Marlen Harrison . . . . . .27
January, 2006 • Volume 30, Number 1
The Japan Association for Language Teaching
全国語学教育学会
JANUARY 2006 • voLUmE 30, NUmbER 1
In this month’s issue . . .
CONTENTS
Feature Article
} Listening comprehension processes
of six Japanese junior high school students in interactive settings . . . . . . 3
Readers’ Forums
} Raising learner awareness of grammar
features through spoken discourse in
the media. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
} Research and teaching . . . . . . . . 15
} The seven deadly sins of conference
presentations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Resources
} my Share
» The rubber chicken .
» Quiz show . . . . . . .
» Astrological twister .
» Weekend review . . .
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. 21
. 22
. 24
. 26
} book Reviews . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
} Recently Received . . . . . . . . . . . 31
} Forum Digest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
JALT Focus
}
}
}
}
}
From JALT National . . . . . . . .
JALT Notices . . . . . . . . . . . . .
member’s Profile & Showcase .
Grassroots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
outreach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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. 33
. 34
. 37
. 39
. 41
Columns
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SIG News . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Chapter Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Chapter Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
JALT Contacts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Job Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Conference Calendar . . . . . . . . . 55
old Grammarians . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Staff List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
membership Information . . . . . . . 60
Submissions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
} Advertiser Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
} online Access Info . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
the irst issue of The Language Teacher for
2006. Not only do we have a new colour scheme for
our cover this year, but there are also some changes
to the inside of the journal, with the addition of new columns
and the way information is presented for our readers. I would
like to take this opportunity to introduce some of the people
that have taken up new positions within TLT. ted o’Neill will
be moving from the Job Information Center to take up his role
as Associate Editor. He will be replaced by Derek Di matteo.
theron muller will be the editor of two new columns, Member’s Proile and Showcase. David mcmurray will be looking
after JALT International, and Jerry talandis will be moving to
My Share to become co-editor along with Lorraine Sorrell. Donna tatsuki, former editor of JALT Journal will provide us with
a summary of online Publications Forum discussions. From
this year we will also introduce a group of Additional Readers. These people will assist the Editorial Advisory Board in
their assessment and review of manuscripts. While space does
not permit me to mention all those involved with the monthly
production of TLT, I would ask that you look briely at our Staff
List in the back of this issue to see just how many people volunteer their time. Perhaps it’s time you became involved, too!
This month our feature article by masanori tokeshi investigates the listening comprehension processes and strategies of
Japanese junior high school students. Tokeshi uses three types
of interactive listening tasks to assess student understanding.
In our irst Readers’ Forum, osamu Hanaoka discusses how
spoken discourse in the media can be utilized in the classroom
to raise student awareness of grammar, pointing out some
important elements of grammar knowledge that need to be
addressed in grammar instruction. charlie canning explores
a passage on scholarship by Robert Scholes in light of the
research and teaching that JALT members undertake in Japan.
David Barker and Juanita Heigham examine common problems of presentations at conferences, highlighting examples of
poor practice that impede the transmission of information from
the presenter to the audience. For anyone wishing to discuss
these papers or provide feedback to the authors there is now a
new Publications Forum <forum.jalt-publications.org>.
In My Share, terence mclean provides a task-based activity
that allows students to use culture and situation speciic language while practicing the skills of reading, discussing, presenting, and debating. Warren midgley has designed a quiz show
that motivates students to develop and ask questions in English.
W
elcome to
TLT Co-Editors:
Kim bradfordWatts & Jacqui
Norris-Holt
Associate Editor:
Ted o’Neill
THE LANGUAGE TEACHER 30.1 • JANUARY 2006
FoREWoRD & INFoRmATIoN
JALT Publications Online
} more information on JALT Publications can be found
on our website:
<www.jalt-publications.org>
Online Access
} To access our online archives:
[ login:
/ password:
]
Publications Forum
} Information, commentary, and feedback can be found
on our forum page:
<forum.jalt-publications.org>
} To contact the editors, see the Staff List at the back of
this issue or use the contact form on the website.
Advertiser Index
Key: IFC = inside front cover, IbC = inside back cover,
obC = outside back cover
} IPI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
} Thomson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
} Ireland murphy Woollerton Publishing . . . . . . . . 36
Please support our advertisers
Daragh Hayes utilizes the topic of astrological signs and personality types to initiate a class
discussion, and christopher Bozek introduces a
warm-up exercise that can be used to encourage
students to speak in complete sentences.
Finally, the staff at The Language Teacher look
forward to your continued support throughout
the year. For those of you who may be considering
submitting an article, I would encourage you to do
so, as it is through your efforts that this journal is
made possible. With this being the 30th anniversary of TLT, we hope to make it a special year!
本
年よりTLTは表紙カバーだけでなく、新たな
コラムや情報提供の方法などの内容も変わ
りました。またスタッフの交代もあります
ので、この場をお借りしまして新スタッフを紹介いた
します：Ted O’Neill（副編集長）、Derek Di Matteo
（就職情報）、Theron
Muller（新コラム編集長）、
David McMurray（JALT 国際）、Jerry Talandis （マイシ
ェア副編集長）、Donna Tatsuki（Forumの要約）。その
他、査読のスタッフも新たに加わりました。
さて、今月の論文はMasanori Tokeshi氏による日本
の中学生のリスニングプロセスと方略に関するもの
で、生徒の理解力を測定するために三種類のリスニ
ングタスクが用いられています。読者フォーラムで
は、Osamu Hanaoka 氏はメディアを用いて文法意識を
高める方法について述べ、Charles Canning 氏はRobert
Scholesの学説をもとにJALTの会員が日本で携っている
研究と授業を検討し、David Barker とJuanita Heighamの
両氏は発表者から聴衆への情報の伝達がうまくいって
いない事例を挙げ学会などのプレゼンテーションの問
題点の考察をしています。なお、掲載記事についての
ご意見は、Publications Forum <forum.jalt-publications.
org>までどうぞ。
TLTも３０周年を迎えます。引き続き、皆様のご支
援をお願いいたしますと共に、論文、記事の投稿をお
待ちしております。
Kim Bradford-Watts & Jacqui Norris-Holt, TLT
Co-Editors; Ted O’Neill, TLT Associate Editor
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THE LANGUAGE TEACHER 30.1 • JANUARY 2006
TLT
JALT
Academic
Papers
FEATURE ARTICLE
Listening comprehension
processes of six Japanese
junior high school students
in interactive settings
Keywords
Masanori Tokeshi
} interactive listening, junior high school,
listening comprehension process,
listening task, qualitative research
Meio University
This article reports on doctoral research
conducted in Japan and Australia. The
study investigated listening comprehension processes and strategies of 19
junior high school students in okinawa
Prefecture who interacted with an ALT
in three types of listening task. Six case
study participants were selected for indepth investigation. The results of the
qualitative analysis revealed as follows:
a) the listeners used different listening
processes according to English proficiency level and task type, b) concrete
visual referents were conducive to comprehension, c) interpretation of the utterances varied from one participant to
another, and d) repetition was the most
effective type of speech modification.
本論は3種類のリスニング・タスクを使って、
ALT（外国語指導助手）とやりとりをした19人
の沖縄県の中学生のリスニング・プロセスとリス
ニング方略を調査する。ケーススタディーとして
6人が詳細な調査のために選ばれた。その質的
分析は以下の通りである。1）聞き手は英語力や
タスクの種類によって異なるリスニング・プロセ
スを用いた。2）具体的視覚指示物やジェスチャ
ーはその理解に貢献した。3）談話の解釈は被
験者によって異なった。4）繰り返しが最も効果
的なスピーチ修正法であった。
He miNistry of Education and Science Course of Study
Guidelines (Ministry of Education and Science, 1998), implemented in 2002, emphasize improvement of students’
practical communicative competence in junior high schools.
According to the guidelines, speaking and listening are to be
considered the most important skills to improve practical communicative competence. However, speaking ability has tended
to be the main focus of instruction in oral communication.
Listening has not received much attention in the communication-based classroom, although mutually intelligible communication hardly takes place when listeners do not understand
what is said (Brindley, 1998). There is a limited amount of
research which has investigated listening in interactive settings.
Thus, listening in communication needs to be examined. This
paper, based on part of a doctoral thesis (Tokeshi, 2003), reports
on the listening comprehension processes of six Japanese junior
high school students by using three types of interactive listening tasks. First, the literature related to listening comprehension
processes and interaction is reviewed, and then the research
methodology used in this study is explained. The results and
implications of the study and conclusions follow.
T
literature review
Published research related to listening mostly centers around
listening comprehension in transactional settings where listeners are not able to interrupt the speaker’s utterances. This paper
not only discusses listening comprehension processes mainly
in the context of transactional settings, but also reviews previous studies of interactive listening in situations where listeners
THE LANGUAGE TEACHER 30.1 • JANUARY 2006
ToKESHI
FEATURE ARTICLE
are able to ask questions and request repetition,
although these are limited in number.
Many theorists account for listening comprehension as two-level processes (Buck, 1990, p.
37): bottom-up processing and top-down processing (Rost, 2002, p. 96). In bottom-up processing,
listeners irst attend to individual phonological
units and decode a larger unit of input in hierarchical order, from vocabulary to structures, and
arrive at the meaning of the discourse. In topdown processing, listeners make inferences on
the basis of background information, contextual
information, and expectation. A recent model of
listening sees these two processes as interacting
with and inluencing each other (Buck, 2001, p. 3).
Background knowledge such as schema (Rumelhart & Ortony, 1977, p. 99) and scripts (Schank &
Abelson, 1977, p. 421) in top-down processing is
considered to contribute greatly to the interpretation of the listening input.
Another view of listening is as sequential process and parallel distributed processing (Rumelhart, Hinton, & McClelland, 1987, p. 3). Listening
comprehension is often explained as a sequence
of neurological decoding. According to Anderson (1985, p. 56), listeners store sounds in echoic
memory (perception), then decompose them into
meaningful chunks in short-term memory (parsing), inally saving them in the form of schemata
and scripts in long-term memory (utilization).
Similarly, others (e.g., Rost, 1994, p. 70) claim that
actual comprehension mostly takes place in working memory, where listeners take in new information and release old information. Parallel distributed processing has a unique view of listening, in
that processing takes place not in a sequence but
simultaneously on different levels. This model
has not yet been applied to L2 learning.
Listening comprehension can also be explained
in terms of automatic and controlled processing
(McLaughlin, Rossman, & McLeod, 1983). The
theory of controlled processing holds that beginning listeners consciously decode what is said
by attending to the linguistic form. On the other
hand, the theory of automatic processing holds
that advanced listeners unconsciously decode
acoustic input without attending to the linguistic
form. Moreover, affective factors such as the interests and motivation of listeners inluence listening comprehension. Nunan (1999, p. 209) claims
that “without the role of active listening, listening
comprehension would not be enhanced.”
Interactive listening includes some features
of verbal and non-verbal responses in order for
listeners to comprehend utterances in interaction.
THE LANGUAGE TEACHER 30.1 • JANUARY 2006
Listeners verbally provide backchannelling cues
(Vandergrift, 1997) such as Oh, I see, and Really?,
or non-verbal signals such as head nods and
shrugging, to show understanding or non-understanding to speakers. Listeners are responsible for
comprehension and conirmation checks, and for
clariication requests when utterances during the
conversation are not understood (Lynch, 1995, p.
76). It has been found that speakers simplify utterances (Chaudron, 1988), or modify speech (Long,
1985, p. 377) in order for listeners to comprehend
what is said when communication breaks down.
methodology
This study mainly utilized qualitative research
methods. Nineteen 3rd-year junior high school
students and an ALT (Assistant Language Teacher) from Canada at a school in Okinawa Prefecture
participated in the study. Six case study participants were selected according to gender (3 males,
3 females) and English proiciency (low, intermediate, high) assessed by a STEP (Society for
Testing English Proiciency) 4th-grade listening
test and task observation. Three types of listening
tasks—two picture story completion tasks and
one note-taking task—were used in a face-toface situation between an individual student and
the ALT. All three tasks were interactive, allowing the participants to ask questions and show
understanding and non-understanding while
completing the picture stories or taking notes.
Each task interaction, lasting 7 to 15 minutes, was
videotaped. Following the tasks, stimulated recall
(Gass & Mackey, 2000), in which the students took
about 20 minutes to verbally report what was
comprehended or not comprehended, was audiorecorded. Two types of questionnaires (types I and
II) and follow-up interviews were also conducted
in order to complete an in-depth investigation of
interactive listening. The type I questionnaire administered before the task mainly asked students
about their attitudes towards communication and
their listening learning style. The type II questionnaire asked students about dificulties with
listening while performing the tasks, in order to
supplement their verbal report. All the data were
transcribed and coded, then categorized according to a modiied inventory of listening based on
other studies (O’Malley & Chamot, 1990; Rost &
Ross, 1991; Vandergrift, 1997).
results
Data were transcribed, and a brief summary of
listening comprehension for the six participants
FEATURE ARTICLE
compiled. A description of the listening comprehension processes for each participant follows.
Firstly, low-level students appeared to decode
acoustic input by using controlled processing,
while high-level students appeared to decode
the acoustic input by using automatic processing. Similarly, the low-level students were likely
to pay selective attention to individual known
words, as shown in Example 1. This seems to
suggest that low-level students can decompose
a smaller chunk of speech, mostly at the lexical
level, but high-level students can decompose a
larger unit of speech, often at the sentence level.
Example 1 (Task A [picture story completion]:
Eri’s response in English, observation transcript)
ALT: When you are swimming, a dog comes
onto the beach.
Eri:
Dog. (Eri places the dog on the beach.)
ALT: And he takes your bag.
Eri:
Bag. (Eri moves the bag beside the dog.)
ALT: He takes your bag. He runs away with
your bag.
Eri:
runs…run away.
When the participants had dificulties understanding utterances, non-linguistic cues, such as
gestures and visual aids (pictures), were in most
cases conducive to comprehension of what had
been said, as shown in Example 2.
Example 2 (Extract from Miki’s Task B [picture
completion task], stimulated recall transcript,
R=researcher)
Miki: 単語の意味がわからなかった。(I didn’t know
the meaning of the word.)
[Miki chooses the bird]
R:
どうしてここで答えがわかったの。(How did
you know the answer here?)
R:
飛ぶジェスチャーでわかった。(I knew the
answer by looking at his action of lying.)
R:
じゃ、birdの意味は分からなかった。(Then,
you didn’t know the meaning of bird?)
Miki: わからなかった。(No, I didn’t.)
Interpretation of the same utterances varied
from one participant to another. Although the
participants heard the same text, their interpretation varied depending on their personal
background knowledge. This echoes Buck’s
(1995, 2001) claim that meaning is constructed
ToKESHI
by a listener in an active process of inference and
hypothesis building, drawing on the listener’s
background knowledge.
There were obvious differences in listening performance according to task type. In Tasks A and
B (picture completion tasks), a large amount of
interaction between the speaker and the listener
was identiied, while in Task C (note-taking task),
a limited amount of interaction took place. The
pictures used and the here-and-now context in
picture completion tasks where the stories took
place in immediate contexts seemed to increase
comprehensibility of the tasks.
Repetition appeared to be the most effective
type of speech modiication for the junior high
school students in this study. Paralinguistic cues
provided by the ALT, mostly in the form of phonological stress, contributed to comprehension
when the stress was on keywords. On the other
hand, elaboration by the ALT that contained redundant information was not so effective for the
participants. Table 1 shows a summary of listening comprehension processes and strategies for
the six case study participants.
implications and conclusion
Since the results indicate that these junior high
school students were likely to process the listening input at the lexical level, it is important
for beginning level students to increase the size
of the chunk that they can decompose. This
also suggests that students need knowledge of
structure in order for them to process input at the
sentence level.
The data also seem to indicate that visual supports such as pictures and the ALT’s gestures,
as well as the here-and-now context of the tasks,
helped the students to comprehend what had
been said. Therefore, it seems effective for teachers of beginning level listeners to use visual
supports situated in a here-and-now context rather
than using tasks without visual aids or situated
in the future or past, or in places where listeners
cannot see (e.g., a story happening in a neighboring city in the future). However, the effect of hereand-now contexts on listening comprehension has
not yet been thoroughly investigated.
For beginning level students, when comprehension problems take place, it seems fairly effective
for instructors to repeat the keywords in the text
rather than elaborate on the words that students
do not know. Additionally, paralinguistic cues,
such as stressing keywords phonologically, also
seem effective in enhancing comprehensibility.
THE LANGUAGE TEACHER 30.1 • JANUARY 2006
6
ToKESHI
FEATURE ARTICLE
table 1. summary of listening comprehension for case study participants
Participant
sex /
level
Background
listening processes
strategies and supports
Kota
Male/
Kota had the
low level lowest level
of English
proiciency
among the
participants.
He was likely to pay selective
attention to individual known
words. He hardly processed
large chunks of acoustic input
at the sentence level or even the
phrase level. He mainly relied
on controlled processing to
comprehend utterances.
He was likely to construct the interpretation based on his prior experiences, but
this, in most cases, resulted in making false
interpretations. He received much support
for listening from the speaker’s gestures
and paralinguistic cues or visual aids, such
as concrete referents.
miki
Female/ Miki had less
low level conidence in
her listening
ability.
She lacked the basic linguistic knowledge for listening
comprehension. Therefore, she
was likely to rely on controlled
processing.
She tended to pay selective attention to
individual known words. She did not very
often clarify comprehension problems with
listening. She was likely to use implicit
strategies and waited for contextual cues
or non-verbal cues to supplement her lack
of linguistic knowledge.
Jun
Male/
intermediate
level
Jun liked to
communicate
in English in
the classroom.
He was likely to pay selective
attention to individual known
words. He did not easily
understand some subtasks due
to a lack of structural knowledge. He was likely to make
false interpretations based on
his world knowledge and past
experiences.
He often could not correct his errors and
redirect them. He frequently gave explicit
indication of understanding or non-understanding of the utterances while engaging
in the tasks. He often inquired about unknown words or requested repetition. He
had plenty of interaction with the speaker.
eri
Female/
intermediate
level
Eri had a
large amount
of contact
with the ALT
outside the
classroom.
She was likely to pay selective
attention to individual known
words, thus likely to process
the utterances at the lexical
level. She also tended to rely on
world knowledge or personal
experiences.
She often received support from visuals
and the speaker’s gestures. She frequently
requested repetition when she did not understand what had been said. She showed
a greater variety of strategies use than any
other participant. She provided frequent
backchannelling cues to indicate that she
was following the speaker, so that the
interaction was collaborative.
yuji
Male/
high
level
Yuji had the
highest level
of English
proiciency
among the
participants.
He was likely to process a
larger segment of the utterances
at the sentence level. He mostly
comprehended the literal meaning of the utterances so that he
was likely to process the utterances unconsciously. That is,
he mainly relied on automatic
processing.
He used contextual cues or co-text information to correct his errors in comprehension. He did not demonstrate the use of
various strategies because he had few
problems with the listening tasks.
risa
Female/ Risa had ofhigh
ten felt nervlevel
ous about
communicating with the
ALT.
She comprehended the literal
meaning of the utterances, so
a part of the listening comprehension process was unconscious (automatic processing).
On the other hand, she needed
to pay selective attention to
individual words (controlled
processing).
She sometimes needed to rely on the
speaker’s gestures or visuals to comprehend the utterances. She often requested
repetition or clariied unknown words. She
unconidently repeated the previous words
or murmured them, so her lack of conidence interfered with listening comprehension.
THE LANGUAGE TEACHER 30.1 • JANUARY 2006
FEATURE ARTICLE
There are several areas that need to be investigated in the future. Differences in listening
comprehension according to task type have not
been identiied thoroughly by this or previous
research. In addition to this, interactive listening
has been examined by very few studies (e.g., Rost
& Ross, 1991; Vandergrift, 1997).
Communication cannot be successful when a
listener does not understand what is being said.
Continued investigation of the learning and
teaching of interactive listening has the potential
to contribute to an improvement in communicative language ability.
references
Anderson, R. A. (1985). Cognitive psychology and its
implications (2nd ed.). New York: W. H. Freeman and
Company.
Brindley, G. (1998). Assessing listening abilities. Annual
Review of Applied Linguistics, 18, 171-191.
Buck, G. (1990). The testing of second language listening
comprehension. Unpublished doctoral dissertation,
Lancaster University, United Kingdom.
Buck, G. (1995). How to become a good listening teacher. In D. Mendelsohn & J. Rubin (Eds.), A guide for the
teaching of second language listening (pp. 113-131). San
Diego, CA: Dominie Press, Inc.
Buck, G. (2001). Assessing listening. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Chaudron, C. (1988). Second language classrooms:
Research on teaching and learning. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Gass, S., & Mackey, A. (2000). Stimulated recall methodology in second language research. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Long, M. (1985). Input and second language acquisition theory. In S. Gass & C. Madden (Eds.), Input in
second language acquisition (pp. 377-393). Rowley, MA:
Newbury House.
Lynch, T. (1995). The development of interactive listening strategies in second language academic settings.
In D. Medelsohn & J. Rubin (Eds.), A guide to the
teaching of second language listening (pp. 166-185). San
Diego, CA: Dominie Press, Inc.
McLaughlin, B., Rossman, T., & McLeod, B. (1983). Second language learning: An information-processing
perspective. Language Learning, 33(2), 135-158.
Ministry of Education and Science (1998). New course of
study (MESSC 1-9917). Tokyo: Author.
Nunan, D. (1999). Second language teaching and learning.
Boston, MA: Heinle & Heinle.
ToKESHI
7
O'Malley, J. M., & Chamot, A. U. (1990). Learning
strategies in second language acquisition. Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press.
Rost, M. (1994). Introducing listening. London, UK:
Penguin Books.
Rost, M. (2002). Teaching and researching listening. Harlow, UK: Pearson Education.
Rost, M., & Ross, S. (1991). Learner use of strategies
in interaction: Typology and teachability. Language
Learning, 41(2), 235-273.
Rumelhart, D. E., & Ortony, A. (1977). The representation of knowledge in memory. In R. C. Anderson, R.
J. Spiro & W.E. Montague (Eds.), Schooling and the
acquisition of knowledge (pp. 99-135). Hillsdale, NJ:
Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Rumelhart, D. E., Hinton, G. E., & McClelland, J. L.
(1987). A general framework for parallel distributed
processing. In D. E. Rumelhart & J. L. McClelland
(Eds.), Parallel distributed processing: Explorations in the
microstructure of cognition (Vol. 2, pp. 1-73). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Schank, R. C., & Abelson, R. P. (1977). Scripts, plans,
and knowledge. In P. N. Johnson-Laird & P. C. Wason
(Eds.), Thinking: Readings in cognitive science (pp. 421432). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Tokeshi, M. (2003). Listening comprehension processes
and strategies of Japanese junior high school students in
interactive settings. Unpublished doctoral dissertation,
University of Wollongong, Australia.
Vandergrift, L. (1997). The Cinderella of communication strategies: Reception strategies in interactive
listening. Modern Language Journal, 81(4), 494-505.
masanori tokeshi received a Doctorate of Education from the University of Wollongong, Australia, in 2004. He currently works at Meio University in Okinawa. His recent research interests
include listening, task-based learning, communication, and early childhood English education.
JALT Publications Forum
If you would like to discuss this article further, we
encourage you to visit our online forum:
<forum.jalt-publications.org>
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please complete the simple registration process.
THE LANGUAGE TEACHER 30.1 • JANUARY 2006
iPi Advert
READERS’ FoRUm
9
Raising learner awareness
of grammar features
through spoken discourse
in the media
Keywords
} grammar instruction, consciousness-raising, noticing, use of media English, spoken discourse,
form-function mapping, form-sound mapping
This paper discusses how spoken discourse in the
media can be utilized in the classroom to raise
student awareness of grammar. First, it points out
some important elements of grammar knowledge
that need to be addressed in grammar instruction.
They include discourse-level functions, collocation,
register or frequency information, and phonological traits of the target form. These elements are
not adequately covered by grammar workbooks
and therefore require learner attention through
consciousness-raising activities. one example of
a grammar lesson that helped students become
aware of these elements is reported. In this lesson,
the students studied target forms in film dialogue
with a combination of picture, sound, and transcript. The students’ reactions suggest that they noticed some important features of the target forms
and that they were highly motivated by the use of
the film dialogue.
本論は、学習者の文法に関する意識を高めるために、メディア
の口語体のディスコースを利用する意義を考察する。その利
点として、文法のワークブックでは扱うことのできない談話レ
ベルでの用法、コロケーション、レジスターや頻度に関する情
報、及び目標形式の発話における音素的特徴などに学習者の
注意を促し、気づかせることが可能である。報告する授業例に
おいて、学習者は目標の文法項目を映画の会話の中で映像、音
声、トランスクリプトを利用しながら学習した。学習者の反応
から、彼らが目標の文法項目に関していくつかの重要な特徴に
気づいたこと、また映画の会話を用いることで学習の動機が
高められたことが示唆された。
Osamu Hanaoka
Tokyo Metropolitan
College of Aeronautical
Engineering
among researchers as to the
role of grammar instruction in the process of
second language acquisition. The traditional
structural syllabus has long been criticized for ignoring the fact that second language acquisition is not a
process of accumulating entities. Purely communicative approaches, on the other hand, also entail some
serious problems as pointed out by Long (2000). It has
been claimed, for instance, that they are ineficient due
to the lack of attention to code features and that certain
features are unlearnable from positive evidence alone.
A growing body of empirical evidence has suggested
some positive effects of grammar instruction. Speciically, Long (1988) points out that formal instruction (1)
speeds up the rate of learning, (2) promotes long-term
accuracy, and (3) raises the ultimate level of attainment.
The purpose of grammar instruction is increasingly
seen as consciousness-raising (Rutherford & Sharwood
Smith, 1985). Ellis (1990, 1991, 1994, 1997, 2003) presents
the view of formal instruction as consciousness-raising and argues that a major purpose of raising learner
awareness of grammar structures is to induce noticing
of those structures in subsequent communicative input.
Noticing is an important concept that goes hand in hand
with consciousness raising. Schmidt’s (1990) noticing hy-
D
isAgreemeNt exists
THE LANGUAGE TEACHER 30.1 • JANUARY 2006
0
HANAoKA
READERS’ FoRUm
pothesis stated that noticing is a necessary condition for L2 development.
One important question concerns the aspects of
grammar the learner needs to notice and how the
teacher can induce such noticing. In this regard,
separation of grammar from lexis and phonology has been recognized as a serious problem in
grammar instruction in the classroom. Teaching
from grammar workbooks usually involves the
teacher explaining a grammar point and students
solving display problems provided in isolated
sentences. In this kind of activity, students may
overlook important features of grammar use.
Students cannot develop an adequate knowledge
of form-meaning or form-function relationships
at the discourse level, nor can they learn lexical
features of grammar use such as collocation.
Long (2000) argued that simpliied textbook
dialogues and classroom language tend to be artiicial and stilted and to show usage rather than
use. This seems to be true for grammar workbooks used in high schools in Japan. Here is one
example of a question asking students to combine
two sentences using a relative pronoun:
We need a knife.
We will cut this apple with it.
The answer given for this problem is the following sentence:
We need a knife with which we will cut this
apple.
This is an implausible utterance. The kind of
exercise eliciting this kind of utterance may be
harmful for the language development of students. Lightbown (1992) states:
In being exposed to comprehensible samples of the language, the learner (whether in
a classroom or elsewhere) inevitably forms
some idea of what the patterns of that language are. If the language to which the learner
is exposed is not the real target language but a
distorted and incomplete sample of sentences
from it (inevitably the case in strictly audiolingual or grammar-translation approaches),
the learners’ developing knowledge of the
language will relect the inadequacy of the input. If learners are to develop a knowledge of
the target language that accurately relects the
realities of that language, they must have opportunities to be exposed to the language in its
authentic form. (p. 87)
THE LANGUAGE TEACHER 30.1 • JANUARY 2006
Discourse samples from the media provide
learners with the opportunity to observe the register in which a grammatical form is used. Register information is typically not included in grammar workbooks. They usually do not describe, for
instance, the fact that the relative pronoun whose
and its alternative of which are extremely rare in
conversation (Biber et al., 1999). In this regard, the
distinction between spoken and written grammar
is important (McCarthy & Carter, 1995), especially in light of the increasing emphasis placed
on fostering student competence for oral communication (see McCarthy & Carter, 2002).
Another advantage of using media-based materials is that students can raise their awareness
of phonological features of grammar use. Being
exposed to and noticing how a form is actually articulated may be a necessary step for the
students to learn to articulate it themselves in oral
communication.
The grammar lesson utilizing a ilm dialogue described below aims to provide the students with an
opportunity to observe how some recently learned
grammar forms are actually used in spoken discourse. For a brief report of this lesson in Japanese,
see Hanaoka (2003). The use of a transcript was
essential for student noticing in this lesson.
A grammar lesson utilizing a film
dialogue
The target features
1. The past hypothetical conditional (past perfective modals without an if-clause)
The students had recently studied this grammatical feature in their reading textbook. However, this dificult grammar form appeared only
once in the text passage with some display questions provided in the exercise section at the end
of the unit. These sentence-level questions were
unlikely to motivate students or facilitate formfunction mapping.
2. The relative pronoun what and the omission of
relative pronouns.
The students had learned about relative pronouns in their grammar workbook over the
preceding 2 weeks. Using only four pages, the
grammar book introduces various uses of relative
pronouns such as who, which, that, whose, of which,
and what. From these I chose the two features that
are commonly observed in spoken registers.
READERS’ FoRUm
Procedure
The class was held in the language laboratory.
First, the grammar points were reviewed with
relevant pages of the textbooks shown on the
overhead camera. Then a scene from the ilm
Titanic was shown to the students with Japanese
subtitles. The purpose of this irst viewing was to
have the students understand the story involving the scene and the context in which the target
grammatical features were used. Then the English
transcript for part of the footage was handed out.
The transcript had a cloze test of the target forms.
Students were instructed to follow the transcript
while listening to the video. This listening activity
focused students on the language of the dialogue.
The tape was played once again, and students
were asked to ill in the blanks as they listened.
The answers were then displayed on the overhead to ensure correct spelling.
The relevant parts of the transcript were briely
explained to make sure that the context involving
the target features was understood. Then, as the
class watched the video again, the students focused
on each instance of a target form. On this occasion,
students closely observed each use of a form while
relating that form to the meaning it realized in a
particular scene. I also called the students’ attention
to the register and lexical aspects of each form. Each
scene was shown repeatedly to reinforce lettersound correspondence. To raise student awareness
of how each instance of a target form contributed
to the discourse, some students were asked how,
just for fun, they would translate the English into
Japanese subtitles. Afterward, they compared their
ideas to the professional version. I reminded them
that the translation constituting the Japanese subtitles was only one of many possibilities and that the
student versions might be just as acceptable. At the
end of this activity, the students saw the footage for
the last time with English subtitles.
Discussion
The students were exposed to three examples
of past perfective modals where they were used
without an if-clause. Although frequency information is dificult to obtain from a small sample
used in class, I drew attention to the fact that the
target form occurred as many as three times in
the limited amount of data. The three instances of
the form were the following:
(1)
ROSE: What do you mean no I won’t? Don’t presume to tell me what I will and will not
do. You don’t know me.
HANAoKA
JACK: Well, you would have done it already.
(From the ilm: Titanic)
(2)
CAL: An accident?
ROSE: It was. Stupid really. I was leaning over
and I slipped. I was leaning far over to
see the... uh... propellers. And I slipped
and I would have gone overboard. But Mr.
Dawson here saved me and almost went
over himself.
(From the ilm: Titanic)
(3)
JACK: God! Look at that thing! You would have
gone straight to the bottom.
(From the ilm: Titanic)
Some students noticed phonological traits of the
form. They commented that the form was spoken
very fast and that the pronunciation was different from what they had expected. They may have
noticed the gap (Schmidt & Frota, 1986) in their
phonological representation of the form. From the
viewpoint of using a form in oral communication,
form-sound mapping needs to be recognized as
an important goal of consciousness-raising activities.
Another important feature of the form observed
by the students was that a past perfective modal
depends heavily on the context for its interpretation. It is often the implicature that is important
rather than the literal meaning of the sentence. For
example, the third instance of the form was Jack’s
utterance, “God! Look at that thing! You would have
gone straight to the bottom.” “That thing” here
refers to the engagement ring that Rose was wearing. By this utterance, Jack implied that he was
impressed by the size of the diamond ring. One
student noted in the questionnaire that, contrary
to his expectation, the form was being used to
express a meaning different from a typical if-condition. It may be said that he noticed a new formfunction relationship. The “subtitling” translation
exercise, which required the students to capture
the essence of the message and put it succinctly
into Japanese, may have helped them discover
new form-function relationships. A subtitling exercise may be useful because it involves a cognitive
process quite different from that required in translating an isolated sentence in a grammar book.
The students observed the following instances
of the relative pronoun what:
(1)
ROSE: You’re crazy.
THE LANGUAGE TEACHER 30.1 • JANUARY 2006
HANAoKA
READERS’ FoRUm
JACK: That’s what everybody says. But with all
due respect, Miss, I’m not the one hanging off the back of a ship here. Come on.
Come on. Give me your hand. You don’t
want to do this.
(From the ilm: Titanic)
(2), (3)
ROSE: Jack... I want to thank you for what you
did. Not just for... for pulling me back, but
for your discretion.
JACK: You’re welcome.
ROSE: Look, I know what you must be thinking.
Poor little rich girl. What does she know
about misery?
JACK: No. No. That’s not what I was thinking.
What I was thinking was what could have
happened to this girl to make her think
she had no way out.
(From the ilm: Titanic)
Unlike the practice questions in the grammar
book, these discourse-level instances require students to consider what each noun phrase beginning with what refers to.
Another aspect of the form worth drawing student attention to was the fact that two instances
occurred in the sentence frame That is (not) what
subject + verb. This frame may be an example of
what Pawley and Syder (1983) called a lexical
sentence stem. In fact, Biber et al (1999) show
that That’s what ... is a very common collocation.
In recent years, lexically-oriented approaches
have gained increasing attention (e.g., Lewis,
1993, 1997, 2000) as SLA researchers grant greater
importance to the role of lexis in language learning (Erman & Warren, 2000; Nattinger & DeCarrico, 1992; Sinclair, 1991; Wray & Perkins, 2000).
It may be the case that, as Muncie (2002) puts it,
“The boundary between grammar and lexis is
also becoming increasingly blurred” (p. 184). The
implication for grammar workbooks is that the
example sentences need to relect typical lexical
patterns in which the form tends to be used.
With regard to the omission of a relative pronoun, the class observed the following instance:
(1)
GRACIE: Perhaps a little something for the boy?
CAL: Of course. Mr. Lovejoy. I think a 20 should
do it.
ROSE: Is that the going rate for saving the woman
you love?
(From the ilm: Titanic)
THE LANGUAGE TEACHER 30.1 • JANUARY 2006
I also drew the students’ attention to the fact
there was no instance of the relative pronouns
who, whose, (of) which, and that in the transcript of
the ilm dialogue handed out to them, except one
nonrestrictive use of which at the beginning of a
sentence.
At the end of the class, the students were asked
the following questions:
1. You saw some examples of the grammar
features that you learned in grammar class.
Were you able to understand those examples?
2. Do you think it helps to observe examples
taken from sources such as ilms?
For each of these questions, the students indicated their agreement on a scale of 1 (strongly
disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). The students were
asked to state the reasons for their answers.
Student answers to both of these questions
were overwhelmingly positive. To the irst
question, “Were you able to understand those
examples?” three students (8.1%) chose “strongly
agree,” and 23 students (62.2%) replied “agree.”
Eleven students (29.3%) were “not sure.” Not one
student answered either “disagree” or “strongly
disagree.” However, these igures should be interpreted cautiously. First of all, it is not clear what
they meant by “understand” or whether they
actually understood as they reported. However,
those igures seem to indicate that the students
were satisied with their level of comprehension.
Comments from the students who answered
afirmatively included the following:
• “Because we used both picture and sound
with the help of a transcript.”
• “Because the examples (of the target forms)
were shown from actual conversation, it was
easy to understand how to use the forms.”
• “We had enough time to interpret grammar.”
• “They spoke really fast, but the subtitles
helped.”
conclusion
The use of spoken discourse in video seems to offer a number of advantages. First, with the help of
a transcript, students can carefully observe spoken features of a target form and notice important
features of its use. Second, by listening to how
a target form is actually pronounced, students
may become more sensitive to the phonological
traits of the form. This may help students develop
READERS’ FoRUm
their competence for comprehending and using
the form in oral communication. Third, students
seem to be motivated by the use of authentic
spoken discourse. Finally, it should be pointed
out that observing authentic discourse for grammar use may effectively serve the learner-training
function (Ellis, 2002, p. 30) by helping students
become autonomous learners who can discover
various aspects of language for themselves.
references
Biber, D., Johansson, S., Leech, G., Conrad, S., & Finegan, E. (1999). Longman grammar of spoken and written
English. London: Longman.
Ellis, R. (1990). Instructed second language acquisition:
Learning in the classroom. Oxford: Blackwell.
Ellis, R. (1991). Grammar teaching: Practice or consciousness-raising? In R. Ellis (Ed.), Second language
acquisition and second language pedagogy (pp. 232-241).
Clevedon, Avon: Multilingual Matters.
Ellis, R. (1994). A theory of instructed second language
acquisition. In N. Ellis (Ed.), Implicit and explicit
learning of languages (pp. 79-114). London: Academic
Press.
Ellis, R. (1997). SLA research and language teaching. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Ellis, R. (2002). The place of grammar instruction in the
second/foreign language curriculum. In E. Hinkel &
S. Fotos (Eds.), New perspectives on grammar teaching
in second language classrooms (pp. 17-34). Mahwah, NJ:
Erlbaum.
Ellis, R. (2003). Task-based language learning and teaching.
Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Erman, B., & Warren, B. (2000). The idiom principle
and the open choice principle. Text, 20, 29-62.
Hanaoka, O. (2003). Kyouzai wo kufuu-shita jugyou
2 [A class using creative materials 2]. In The Association of National Colleges of Technology (Ed.),
Improving English education at colleges of technology
with a focus on communicative ability: Final report (pp.
184-188). The Association of National Colleges of
Technology.
Lewis, M. (1993). The lexical approach: The state of ELT
and a way forward. Hove: Language Teaching Publications.
Lewis, M. (1997). Implementing the lexical approach: Putting theory into practice. Hove: Language Teaching
Publications.
Lewis, M. (2000). Teaching collocation - Further developments in the lexical approach. Hove, England: Language Teaching Publications.
HANAoKA
Lightbown, P. (1992). Getting quality input in the second and foreign language classroom. In C. Kramsch
& S. McConnell-Ginet (Eds.), Text and context: Crossdisciplinary and cross-cultural perspectives on language
study (pp. 187-197). Lexington, MA: Heath.
Long, M. H. (1988). Instructed interlanguage development. In L. Beebe (Ed.), Issues in second language
acquisition: Multiple perspectives (pp. 115-141). Rowley,
MA: Newbury House.
Long, M. H. (2000). Focus on form in task-based
language teaching. In R. L. Lambert, & E. Shohamy
(Eds.), Language policy and pedagogy (pp. 179-192).
Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
McCarthy, M., & Carter, R. (1995). Spoken grammar:
What is it and how can we teach it? ELT Journal,
49(3), 207-218.
McCarthy, M., & Carter, R. (2002). Ten criteria for a
spoken grammar. In E. Hinkel & S. Fotos (Eds.), New
perspectives on grammar teaching in second language
classrooms (pp. 51-75). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
Muncie, J. (2002). Finding a place for grammar in EFL
composition classes. ELT Journal, 56(2), 180-186.
Nattinger, J. R., & DeCarrico, J. S. (1992). Lexical phrases
and language teaching. Oxford: Oxford University
Press.
Pawley, A., & Syder, F. (1983). Two puzzles for linguistic theory: nativelike selection and nativelike luency.
In J. C. Richards & R. W. Schmidt (Eds.), Language and
communication (pp. 191-226). London & New York:
Longman.
Rutherford, W., & Sharwood Smith, M. (1985). Consciousness-raising and universal grammar. Applied
Linguistics, 6, 274-282.
Schmidt, R. (1990). The role of consciousness in second
language learning. Applied Linguistics, 11/2, 129158.
Schmidt, R., & Frota, S. (1986). Developing basic conversational ability in a second language: A case study
of an adult learner of Portuguese. In R. Day (Ed.),
Talking to learn: Conversation in second language acquisition (pp. 237-326). Rowley, MA: Newbury House.
Sinclair, J. (1991). Corpus, concordance, collocation. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Wray, A. & Perkins, M. R. (2000). The functions of
formulaic language: An integrated model. Language
& Communication, 20, 1-28.
osamu Hanaoka teaches English at Tokyo Metropolitan College of Aeronautical Engineering.
His research interests include second language
acquisition and translation studies. He is currently interested in the role of output and noticing in
EFL writing.
THE LANGUAGE TEACHER 30.1 • JANUARY 2006
thomson Advert
READERS’ FoRUm
Research
and teaching
Keywords
} research, teaching, proficiency,
relevance, worth sharing
This paper situates a passage on scholarship by Robert Scholes in terms of the
research and teaching that JALT members undertake in Japan. It suggests that
a continuing dialogue on the relevance
and appropriateness of our research
and teaching is in the best interest of
our students, our profession, and ourselves.
本論は、Robert Scholes氏の学説をもとに、
JALT会員が日本で行っている研究や教育を検
討すろものである。我々の研究や教育について
の適正や関連性を継続的に検討し、それが学習
者および教師の仕事の最重要事項であると示唆
している。
Charlie Canning
Konan Women’s University
AcH yeAr JALT receives many more proposals for presentations at the annual conference than there are places.
Consequently, many good proposals have to be rejected.
Although there are several criteria for vetting a proposal, one
of the most important ones is its interest and utility to the JALT
membership. Practically speaking, what this means is that
JALT is looking for ideas that will be of use to teachers in the
classroom. Of course, there is room for other topics related to
teaching in Japan, but by and large, what JALT is looking for
are presentations that will inform and improve language teaching.
Determining which proposals are of greater utility is a very
subjective endeavor, however, and what one person believes
to be cutting-edge action research for the classroom another
person might consider esoteric psycho-babble for the barroom.
While it’s a humbling experience to have what you consider to
be a rather sizeable jigsaw piece of the answer rejected, John
Stuart Mill’s “the greatest good for the greatest number” is not
for the faint of heart.
Whether or not you are interested in presenting at a conference, however, there is still the more general issue of the relationship between your research and your teaching. As teachers
who are interested in improving our teaching and furthering
our careers, we know that we have to develop our profession
and ourselves if we are going to be successful. Each of us has
only a inite amount of time and resources to devote to research. We must choose wisely so that what we have learned in
the classroom and conirmed or expanded upon in the library
(or vice versa) will not be wasted.
E
THE LANGUAGE TEACHER 30.1 • JANUARY 2006
6
CANNING
READERS’ FoRUm
In an article entitled “Learning and Teaching”
in Profession 2004: A Journal of the Modern Language Association, Scholes (2004) wrote about the
connection between scholarship and teaching.
Because what Scholes has to say on the subject is
very direct and clear, I would like to quote it at
length:
Scholarship is learning in the service of
teaching. In the humanities, we learn
in order to teach. It is as simple as that.
We also, of course, teach in order to learn.
Nothing in our academic lives concentrates
the mind so wonderfully (if I may borrow a
phrase from Dr. Johnson) as preparing to enter
the classroom. Organizing a course, preparing
a lesson, we become acutely aware of what we
need to know to do that job properly – and
the gap between that blessed state of perfect
knowledge and our actual situations. Teaching drives us to learning – and to the learned
who can help us join their company. When we
publish the results of humanistic study, we are
teaching. That is my main point. We are teaching one another, teaching teachers. If our work
is accessible enough, teachers may direct their
students to it, but that need not be the case.
What must be the case, however, is that our
scholarship should be of use to teachers. I would
never wish to assert that all learning happens
in classrooms or that all teaching occurs there.
But interaction between teachers and learners
is at the heart of humanistic study. Our studies
are often lonely, but we must ultimately share
the results of such study – which means that
we must produce something worth sharing.
What is worth sharing? Whatever enhances
the lives of those with whom we share it. As
teachers we must take our students as they
are, here and now, and help them increase
their textual pleasure and their textual power.
We must help make the past accessible to them
and the present intelligible. Our scholarship,
our learning, must pass this test. Can it help
enhance the lives of those who are trying to
understand this culture and how to live in it?
It is incumbent on each one of us, when we
teach, to bring as much learning and pedagogical skill as possible to our efforts. And when
we study, it is important to ask what pedagogical purpose our studies will serve. My whole
effort here is to close the gap that the notion
of research has opened between learning and
teaching and to bring these two aspects of our
professional lives into harmony once more.
We also, of course, need to give teaching a
THE LANGUAGE TEACHER 30.1 • JANUARY 2006
more serious place in our professional evaluations. If we humanists learn in order to teach,
we need to think more carefully about what
we teach and how we teach it. And we need to
improve our methods of evaluating the work
we do as teachers so that we can, in fact, value
it more highly. (pp. 123-24)
Although Scholes was writing for a different
audience, all of us can beneit by asking ourselves
similar questions to the ones he poses: “What is
worth sharing?” For those of us teaching English
in Japan, what is worth sharing? To extrapolate
from Scholes, it is whatever will further our
students’ proiciency in the use of the English
language. “Can it help enhance the lives of those
who are trying to understand this culture and
how to live in it?” This second question is also
worth asking. Can our scholarship help our
students to understand Japan? Judging from the
recent exchange of letters in the op/ed sections of
The Language Teacher and The Daily Yomiuri, there
may be some difference of opinion here. Nevertheless, a continuing dialogue on the relevance
and the appropriateness of our research and our
teaching is in the best interest of our students, our
profession, and ourselves.
references
Scholes, R. (2004) Learning and Teaching. Profession,
2004 (1), 118-27.
The author would like to thank Professor Robert
Scholes of Brown University and Ms. Rosemary
Feal of the Modern Language Association for permission to publish the excerpt from the article.
charlie canning is an assistant professor of English at Konan Women’s University in Kobe, where
he teaches courses in English communication,
writing, and American culture.
JALT Publications Forum
If you would like to discuss this article further, we
encourage you to visit our online forum:
<forum.jalt-publications.org>
Look for this article’s listing within the “Recent Issues” forum. If you are not already a forum member,
please complete the simple registration process.
READERS’ FoRUm
7
The seven deadly
sins of conference
presentations
Keywords
} presentation, presenter, workshop,
conference, PowerPoint, title,
abstract
This paper highlights common problems
seen in presentations at language teaching conferences around the world. It
discusses examples of poor practice that
impede the transmission of information
from presenter to audience, frustrate
those attending the presentation, and
reduce the effectiveness of conferences
in general. Unfortunately, basic errors
are just as likely to be made by veteran
researchers as first-time presenters. The
aim of this article is to raise awareness
of what we feel to be the most common
pitfalls—organized into seven deadly
sins—and thereby persuade presenters to think more carefully and prepare
more thoroughly before stepping up to
the podium.
本論は、学会発表において見られる問題点を取
り上げ、発表者から聴衆への情報伝達を阻害
し、聴衆を失望させ、会議の意義を失う粗末な
発表について論議する。不幸にも、初歩的なミ
スはベテランの研究者によってもなされる。最も
ありがちな落とし穴に対する発表者の意識を高
め、発表者に演台に立つ前により慎重に考えさ
せ、より綿密に準備させることを目指している。
David Barker
Nagoya Women’s University
Juanita Heigham
Sugiyama Jogakuen
University, Nagoya
“Thirty million presentations will be given today. Millions
will fail. Millions more will be received with yawns.” (Weissman, 2003, jacket cover)
AN you identify with this? If you have been to any conferences recently, then the chances are that quite a few
of the presentations you saw left you feeling less than
satisied. At a recent international conference outside Japan, we
found ourselves in an animated discussion over dinner with a
group of colleagues who seemed to feel the same disappointment as we do with much of what we see at these events. Too
often we ind ourselves frustrated by presenters who leave us
feeling cheated, or irritated by those whose lack of presentation
skills obscures their message. Basic mistakes may be understandable when made by irst-time presenters, but in practice,
you are just as likely to see them from highly qualiied experts
and plenary speakers. Consider this encouraging email message
sent to all of the JALT2005 presenters from Malcolm Swanson,
the hard-working conference chair:
C
THE LANGUAGE TEACHER 30.1 • JANUARY 2006
8
bARKER & HEIGHAm
READERS’ FoRUm
“We want attendees to come away from the
conference thinking ‘Wow, that really made
me think!’ or ‘I feel excited about teaching
again!’”
This is an admirable sentiment, but unfortunately, presentations that make us feel this way
are not as common as they should be. After the
aforementioned discussion with our colleagues,
we were inspired to write this article in the hope
that highlighting these points might persuade
presenters to think a bit more before stepping up
to the podium. After all, as Bailey, Curtis, and
Nunan (2001) rightly note: “Being able to talk
conidently… about what we do and why we do
it is an extraordinarily important part of being
competent teachers and gaining respect as professionals” (p. 10).
Most of the problems we have noted can be
covered by a small number of points that we
have, for the purposes of this article, organized
into seven deadly sins. Although the list is not exhaustive, we feel that it is comprehensive enough
to cover most of the problems we see in presentations at language teaching conferences. Before we
move on, we would like to stress that we make
these comments from the standpoint of fee-paying attendees. When we pay to attend a conference, we expect presenters to have something
fresh to say and to have put some serious thought
into how they are going to get their message
across.
sin #1: Not taking your presentation
seriously
When you send in a proposal to a selection committee, you are taking the irst step toward accepting a responsibility to satisfy an audience. An
important part of that responsibility is to actually
have something original to say. We all know that
teachers, especially university teachers, are under
pressure to present and publish, but this is no
excuse for submitting a proposal with the vague
hope that you might think of something interesting to say by the time the conference rolls around.
Of course, even if you do have something interesting to say, that is not enough by itself. Successful presentations require careful and thorough
preparation. Cook (1989) tells us that “Providing
a quality presentation isn’t easy, and learning to
do any complex task well takes time and effort”
(p. xiii). Yet at how many conference parties
have you heard “I’d better get back to my room
because I have a 9 o’clock tomorrow and I haven’t
done anything for it yet”? Some of this may just
THE LANGUAGE TEACHER 30.1 • JANUARY 2006
be bravado, but in many cases, it is a simple
statement of fact. And it shows! From handouts
printed upside down on one side to activities that
turn out to be virtually impossible for teachers,
never mind students, presenters who have not
prepared properly almost always get themselves
in a twist with problems that should have been
anticipated. Getting your proposal accepted is not
the end of the job; on the contrary, acceptance is
the point where the real work begins.
sin #2: using misleading titles or
abstracts
This is truly a deadly sin because conference participants will often have missed something else
that interested them in order to come and listen
to you. This sin is rarely committed intentionally,
but the pressure of trying to make sure a proposal
is accepted leads many into the trap of inappropriately using buzzwords and/or catchy phrases
in their titles. These should only be used if they
truly relect the content of the presentation. This
advice from the TESOL (2005) Tips for Presenters
sums the matter up nicely. Presentations should
“follow the conceptual framework of the abstract
in content and format” (p. 2).
It is also quite common to see abstracts with
academic wording that suggests a high degree of
specialization, and then to attend the presentation only to ind that it is aimed at new teachers
or those with a very limited knowledge of the
subject matter. To avoid any confusion, presenters
might want to use the irst minute or so of their
presentation to explain exactly what they are going to discuss and clearly state what kind of audience they are aiming at. If this is done right at the
start, there will still be time for people to move to
another session if they feel the presentation is not
going to be useful for them.
sin #3: creating an in-crowd
Giving the impression that some people are in
with the presenter can make other participants
feel decidedly out. This often happens with
conference-circuit veterans who exchange banter
and private jokes with other regulars during their
presentations. It is also common when there is an
expert or well-known researcher in the audience
and the presenter feels the need to repeatedly
mention the person by name. This can make new
conference goers feel uncomfortable and out of
place. Of course, there is nothing wrong with acknowledging people in your audience or calling
READERS’ FoRUm
them by name, but care must be taken to ensure
that including some people is not done at the
expense of excluding others.
bARKER & HEIGHAm
9
them to listen to you, do not distract them with
complicated slides or handouts.
sin #5: overloading your audience
sin #4: using PowerPoint just because with information
you can
Unfortunately, it is not uncommon to be allotted
“You’ve already seen enough dull PowerPoint
slides to last yourself a lifetime. So why, when
it’s your turn behind the lectern, do you boot
up the same old speech?” (Garber, 2001, para.
1).
A situation seems to have arisen where using PowerPoint is now the default position, and
presenters feel they just need to igure out how
to work their material into it. Used well, PowerPoint can be an excellent tool, but it should only
be employed if it is clearly adding something to
the overall presentation. It is still quite possible
to give brilliant presentations without using a
computer! The idea with visual aids in general is
that you display an image or key phrase and then
talk your audience through it. PowerPoint lends
itself particularly well to pictures, photographs,
lowcharts, and graphs, but text with PowerPoint
can be dangerous. If your presentation requires
anything more than a bare minimum of text, you
should think carefully about whether a computer
is really the most appropriate vehicle for its delivery. It is also worth remembering that when you
show slides, people will focus their attention on
the screen. This means that they will no longer be
listening to you.
We also ind it curious that at English teaching
conferences, where participants might be expected to have above average reading skills, many
presenters still feel the need to help us through
texts by reading slides (or handouts) aloud. Here
is some very basic advice from Reynolds’ (2005)
website:
“…as long as we are talking about text, please
remember to never, ever turn your back on the
audience and read text from the slide word for
word” (GarrReynolds.com, para. 5). Atkinson
(2005) expresses the sentiment in even stronger terms: “If you’re going to just read me the
slides, why do I need to be there? Just e-mail
them to me!” (p. 9).
Whilst it may occasionally be useful to add
your voice to put emphasis on a short sentence
or quote, the basic rules for presenting texts are
simple: if you want people to read something,
shut up and give them time to read it; if you want
less time than you would like for your presentation. When this happens, you need to adjust your
talk to it the time limit. We have often seen presenters do the irst part of their presentation but
never actually get to the main point, and we have
been mercilessly teased by others with enticing
stories of what they would have done if only they
had had more time! Presenters who realize they
are running out of time often start rushing, leaving their audience lost and confused. Be organized: decide which parts you will cut if the need
arises. Getting just a few of your key points across
clearly is always better than galloping through
and leaving people wondering what on earth you
are talking about. If you prepare good handouts,
the audience can read the details later.
sin #6: losing the plot in the “Q and
A” session
The question and answer sessions at the end of
a presentation can be something of a mineield,
particularly where the presenter is inexperienced
or where there is no chairperson. The irst point
to note is that if you have promised people that
you will make time for questions or comments,
make sure that you do. Also, if questions were
asked at an inappropriate time and you said you
would get back to them, do not forget. Secondly,
if someone asks you a question to which you do
not know the answer, simply say that you do not
know and ask if anyone in the audience does.
Thirdly, avoid entering into an extended dialogue
with one member of the audience unless you are
certain that no one else wants to ask a question.
Tell people who seem particularly keen that you
would enjoy talking with them more after the
presentation. If you have someone who is obviously trying to hijack your presentation, be merciless if you have to, but do whatever is necessary
to get back on track as quickly as possible.
sin #7: running over your time limit
This is a very serious sin indeed. If you run late,
not only is it likely that you will be eating into
the preparation time of the next presenter who
is waiting nervously outside the door, you may
THE LANGUAGE TEACHER 30.1 • JANUARY 2006
0
bARKER & HEIGHAm
READERS’ FoRUm
also make participants late for wherever they are
going next, be it another presentation or the train
station. Either way, this is extremely unfair to
everyone. Remember also that as far as the next
presenter is concerned, you are not inished until
you, your things, and all the members of your
audience are out of the room.
conclusion
Having attended conferences in many countries,
we believe that these deadly sins are fairly universal. Conference organizers do what they can
to motivate people to provide quality presentations, but the ultimate responsibility for giving
conference attendees their money’s worth (quite
literally) lies with the presenters. If you have seen
yourself in the description of some of these sins,
take heart because you are not alone, and now
is a great time to turn over a new leaf. Nobody
expects perfection, but all of us need to plan carefully before we submit a proposal and be ready to
put in the effort required to give a well-prepared
presentation if that proposal is accepted. Doing
this will increase the general quality of conferences and allow us to gain a sense of personal
achievement knowing that we are making a useful contribution to the profession.
Our purpose in writing this paper is to raise
awareness of these sins in order to make it easier
for presenters to avoid them, and by doing so, we
hope that more people will begin to take pride
in sending audiences away satisied. Your aim
as a presenter must always be to leave attendees
feeling that they made the right choice when they
circled your presentation in the conference handbook, and we believe that this will be much easier
for those who manage to steer clear of the seven
deadly sins.
references
Atkinson, C. (2005). Beyond bullet points. Microsoft
Press: Washington.
Bailey, K., Curtis, A. and Nunan, D. (2001). Pursuing
professional development: Self as source. Boston: Heinle
and Heinle.
Cook, J. (1989). The elements of speechwriting and public
speaking. New York: Collier Books.
Garber, A. (2001). Death by PowerPoint. Retrieved November 11, 2005, from <www.smallbusinesscomputing.com/biztools/article.php/684871>.
Reynolds, G. (2005). Top ten slide tips. Retrieved November 11, 2005, from <www.garrreynolds.com/Presentation/slides.html>.
THE LANGUAGE TEACHER 30.1 • JANUARY 2006
TESOL (2005). Tips for presenters. Retrieved November 11, 2005, from <www.tesol.org/s_tesol/seccss.
asp?CID=761&DID=3286>.
Weissman, J. (2003). Presenting to win. Financial Times.
Prentice-Hall: New Jersey
David Barker is associate professor in the department of English and British/American Studies
at Nagoya Women’s University. He is interested
in independent learning, student motivation, the
use of English outside the classroom, and professional development for language teachers. David’s email address is <barker@nagoya-wu.ac.jp>.
Juanita Heigham is the director of the Communicative English Program at Sugiyama Jogakuen
University in Nagoya. Her research interests
include curriculum development, program management, and learner independence. Juanita’s
email address is <jheigham@sugiyama-u.ac.jp>.
JALT Publications Forum
If you would like to discuss this article further, we
encourage you to visit our online forum:
<forum.jalt-publications.org>
Look for this article’s listing within the “Recent Issues” forum. If you are not already a forum member,
please complete the simple registration process.
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Wow !!
RESoURCES • my shARe
…with Lorraine sorrell
<my-share@jalt-publications.org>
We welcome submissions for the
my Share column. Submissions
should be up to 1000 words describing a successful technique or
lesson plan you have used which
can be replicated by readers, and
should conform to the my Share format (see any edition of The Language
Teacher). Please send submissions to
<my-share@jalt-publications.org>.
my shARe ONLINe
A linked index of my Share articles can be found at:
<jalt-publications.org/tlt/myshare/>
N tHis January issue we have some exciting
articles. We have a sporting-related lesson
from Terence McLean and a great quiz show
from Warren Midgeley. Daragh Hayes helps you
totally confuse your students with his astrological twister. Finally, Christopher Bozek provides a
structured warm-up for beginners.
I
The rubber
chicken: A fowl
debate
Terence McLean
MacEwan College, Edmonton,
AB, Canada
<mcleanky@telusplanet.net>
Quick guide
Key Words: Accused, complainant, charged, assault (legal terms)
learner english level: Intermediate to advanced
learner maturity level: College/University
Preparation time: Varies
Activity time: 1–2 classes
language Focus: skim/scan/discuss/present/
debate
materials: Classroom set up for a debate, OHP, a
rubber chicken (optional)
This is a task-based activity that provides students with the opportunity to use culture (Canadian) and situation (law court) speciic language
while they practice reading, discussing, presenting, and debating. Before having the students
tackle this activity, the teacher is assumed to have
already taught basic skimming, scanning, presenting, and debating skills. Optional activities
can include taking time to focus on form (timely
focus on relevant grammar structures) and review
vocabulary. This activity could also be adapted
to it in with Japanese sporting culture—see note
below the story for a sumo example.
Procedure
step 1: Vocabulary (pre-reading). Ask the students to write down words that they know about
law and courts.
step 2: Skimming. Have the students skim the
story (see Appendix) to get an understanding of
what happened.
step 3: Scanning. Have the students scan the
story for the following information.
a. Who is the accused?
b. Who is the complainant?
c. Where did the incident take place?
d. What teams were playing?
e. Why didn’t the goal count?
f. Why was the crowd unhappy?
g. What did Kai throw?
h. What happened to Hanna?
i. What happened to Kai?
step 4: Organize the students to work in groups
and ask them to do the following task:
group 1: Take the role of Kai’s team of
lawyers. Use the information in the story to
make a persuasive argument explaining why
your client is not guilty.
group 2: Take the role of Hanna’s team of
lawyers. Use the information in the story to
make a persuasive argument explaining why
the accused is guilty.
group 3: You are the judges and jury. You
must decide which group has made the best
argument. Prepare a list of criteria on which
you will base and justify your decision.
step 5: Presentation preparation. Each lawyer
group must write an outline for the argument on
a transparency (for the OHP). They should make
revisions together.
THE LANGUAGE TEACHER 30.1 • JANUARY 2006
WRITER
RESoURCES • mY SHARE
step 6: Presentation. Each group member must
speak during the presentation. Presentations
must be under 10 minutes in length. (Option:
Give time for rebuttal and closing remarks).
Remind the students that they are in court—they
should use language accordingly.
option: The presentations must include at least
three adjective clauses and three transition words
or phrases (therefore, consequently, however, etc.)
Transitions are not only helpful when writing, but
they are also helpful when speaking formally.
conclusion
This lesson gives the students a chance to learn
a little about Canadian culture while practicing
formal spoken English. Given that university and
college students are studying academic English, it
is necessary for them to be able to present their arguments in a convincing yet professional manner.
Unfortunately, Kai’s rubber chicken did not land
on the ice. Hanna Sato, the complainant, had been
standing near some steps when she fell and broke
her leg. One of the issues at the trial is whether
the rubber chicken thrown by Kai hit Hanna on
the head, causing her to fall and break her leg.
After Hanna got hurt, a security guard said,
“Who threw that chicken?” Kai panicked and
started to run away. The security guard caught
Kai and called the police. Kai was taken to the police station and charged with assault for hurting
Hanna Sato with the rubber chicken.
Note: This activity could be adapted to it in with
Japanese sporting culture. For example, when
a wrestler upsets a grand champion at a sumo
tournament, people often throw their cushions,
zabuton, toward the ring (new title: The Wayward
Zabuton).
Acknowledgement and reference
This story was adapted with permission from:
Renke, W. (2000). Canada’s political and legal culture.
Volume II: Mock trial materials. Edmonton: Faculty of
Law, University of Alberta.
Appendix
The rubber chicken and the fowl call
The accused, Kai Tamaki, lives in Edmonton,
Alberta. He is a 21-year-old college student. On
January 10th, Kai went to a hockey game at Rexall
Place, a hockey arena in Edmonton. Edmonton’s
hockey team is the Oilers. Kai took his seat high
up in the stands with the other hockey fans. The
complainant, Hanna Sato, was also at the game.
The Oilers were playing against their archrival,
the Calgary Flames. Oiler fans do not like the
Flames. Late in the third period of the game, the
score was tied at one. Finally, with one minute
to go, Ryan Smyth, an Oiler star player, shot the
puck and it went off one of his teammate’s skates
and into the Flames’ net. The Oilers and their fans
went wild. However, the referee waved off the
goal because it was kicked in. In hockey, if the
puck bounces off a skate, the goal can count, but
you cannot score a goal by deliberately kicking
the puck into the net.
The crowd at the game thought that the referee
was wrong and that the goal was good. People
threw things toward the ice to show their anger. Kai threw a rubber chicken toward the ice.
THE LANGUAGE TEACHER 30.1 • JANUARY 2006
Quiz show
for practicing
questions
Warren Midgley
Miyagi University
<yelgdim_4@ybb.ne.jp>
Quick guide
Key Words: Making and asking questions, general knowledge
learner english level: Lower intermediate to
advanced
learner maturity: High school and over
Preparation time: 10–15 minutes
Activity time: 40–45 minutes
materials: Students’ own pen and paper
Sometimes it is dificult to motivate students
to develop and ask questions in English. This
activity gives students the opportunity to prepare
questions in English about subjects they have
knowledge of and interest in. The competitive
nature of the activity provides extra motivation.
RESoURCES • mY SHARE
Preparation
Prepare in advance some quiz-show-type general
knowledge questions. Some examples are given
in Appendix 1. The questions should be about
subjects that are of interest to the students, and
should be just a little challenging. A couple of
tiebreak questions (see Step 6 below) should also
be prepared.
Procedure
step 1: Divide the class into groups of approximately four students.
step 2: Explain the rules of the game show. Each
group will make a list of as many general knowledge questions as they can think of. Somebody in
the group must know the answer to the question,
without having to look it up somewhere. (This is
an important rule, otherwise students may use
dictionaries to create questions that nobody can
answer.) The other groups will attempt to correctly answer these questions to score points, so
the more dificult, the better.
step 3: Present a couple of the questions that
were prepared in advance to model the questionwriting task for students.
step 4: Students in their groups write as many
questions as they can (see Appendix 2 for some
suggestions on variations) within the allotted
time (for instance 20 minutes). Suggest that they
aim for at least 20 questions.
step 5: When the time has elapsed, have the
groups select the best 10 of these questions to use
in the quiz show. There are several reasons for
challenging the students to write more questions
than are necessary for the game: to encourage
students to brainstorm, to have extra questions
on hand should another group use the same
question, to give extra question-making practice
to faster groups, and also to ensure that even the
slowest groups have at least 10 questions by the
end of the allotted time.
step 6: Assign a number to each group.
step 7: The quiz show begins. One person from
group 1 asks their irst question to group 2. The
members of group 2 may consult with each other,
but they must answer within the allotted time (suggestion: 10 seconds). Group 1 announces whether
the answer is correct or not. If it is correct, group
2 scores one point. Then one person from group 2
asks their irst question to group 3, and so on. The
last group asks their irst question to group 1. The
cycle starts again, and continues until all groups
have asked and answered 10 questions each.
WRITER
step 8: Scores are tallied. If there is a tie, then
the teacher conducts a tiebreak match, with one
of the prepared questions. The fastest team to
answer correctly wins.
conclusion
I have used this activity with great success with
1st- and 2nd-year university students. The opportunity to put their own knowledge and expertise to
use in thinking up tricky questions seems to motivate them. I ind it works best later in the semester
when students are familiar with one another.
Note: If time permits, several things may be done
to create more of a quiz show environment. For
instance, if numbers are small, the classroom may
be rearranged with contestants sitting behind a
panel of desks. The groups may choose names for
themselves. The teacher may play a short music
track between rounds. A buzzer or bell may be
used to indicate correct or incorrect answers, or
both. Prizes or award certiicates may be prepared and presented to the winners.
Appendix 1
Sample questions:
• What is the irst name of the wife of the President of the USA?
• What do kangaroos eat?
• Where will the next Winter Olympics be held?
• Name one play written by William Shakespeare.
• Which is more expensive, gasoline or kerosene?
• How many strings are there on a violin?
• Name one winner of the Nobel Peace Prize.
Appendix 2
Extra question guidelines that may be given:
Students may be asked to include at least three
questions related to, for instance, travel, or whatever other subject has been recently discussed in
English class.
Students may be instructed to make, for instance, seven easy questions and three dificult
questions. The dificult questions will be worth
two points each.
Instead of general knowledge questions, students may be asked to create questions about their
THE LANGUAGE TEACHER 30.1 • JANUARY 2006
WRITER
RESoURCES • mY SHARE
own study major. This is a very good way to help
non-English majors at university to integrate their
English language study with their other studies.
Astrological twister
Daragh Hayes
Takushoku University
<daraghhayes@gmail.com>
Quick guide
Key Words: Astrology, horoscopes, personality
types, vocabulary, reading, discussion skills
learner english level: Low-intermediate and
above, although handout language should be
adjusted accordingly
learner maturity level: High school age and up
Preparation time: 20–30 minutes for smaller
classes, more for larger groups
Activity time: 60 minutes (excluding possible
follow-up activities)
materials: Enough copies of Astrological Personality Traits (Appendix 1), Generic Horoscopes
(Appendix 2), and any current horoscopes from a
newspaper, magazine, or webpage (Appendix 3)
for each learner
This lesson was designed to generate a lively discussion based upon astrological signs and personality types. After learners irst examine star sign
traits and related vocabulary, they have a chance to
consider and compare both genuine and fabricated
examples of their weekly horoscopes in a special
twist ending. I recommend trying this lesson plan
with small groups of learners irst as preparation time and potential organizational headaches
can be signiicantly reduced. Also, as the lesson
involves an element of deception, I would suggest
using it only with learners unlikely to take offense
if caught off guard by the surprise at the end.
Procedure
step 1: Begin by asking learners when they were
born and when they respond, make a very general comment concerning their personality type.
For example, “Oh, you were born on December
19th? You must be a very _____ person.”
step 2: Ask learners how it is possible to comTHE LANGUAGE TEACHER 30.1 • JANUARY 2006
ment on a person’s personality knowing only
their date of birth. If no one is familiar with the
idea, introduce the concept of astrological signs
and horoscopes and how they can be used to both
describe people’s personalities and give advice on
day-to-day matters.
step 3: Quickly elicit any vocabulary that learners
know for describing different personality traits
and create a list on the board.
step 4: Provide learners with descriptions of their
Astrological Signs, Personality Types, or both
(Appendix 1 contains an example, while Appendix 3 lists websites offering further information).
Allow the learners enough time in small groups
to consider the information on the handouts and
clarify any vocabulary questions they may have.
At this stage the vocabulary list collected in Step
3 could be used to help scaffold meaning between
any new items and words learners suggested
themselves. Include a few items of vocabulary
that, although they may rarely occur in standard
ESL texts, are not infrequent in everyday conversation. Including items such as opinionated, bossy,
and perfectionist, for example, can also help learners to extrapolate meanings based upon vocabulary they may already be familiar with.
step 5: Ask learners to report how accurately
they feel their personalities have been described
in the handouts.
step 6: This is the trick portion of the lesson.
Provide learners with copies of the Generic Horoscope (Appendix 2) and tell them the handouts
are their individual horoscopes for the week.
Although everyone will receive identical information at this stage, be sure to include the various
speciic dates and star signs at the top so that the
handouts seem more authentic. Stress that the
learners should not share their horoscope with
anyone else at this point but only consider it privately for a few moments.
step 7: Elicit learner feedback regarding how
pertinent they feel the Generic Horoscope information was to their lives. Again, it is important to
stress that speciic details should not be commented upon yet, but that people should only respond with a simple “Yes” or “No” as to whether
or not the horoscopes seem accurate. One suggestion could be to keep a tally on the board of
the number of people in the class who felt the
information was Accurate, Somewhat accurate, or
Not accurate.
step 8: After learners have had time to consider
the results, apologize to the class and reveal that
everyone had been given the same horoscope to
read. Instigate a brief discussion concerning how
RESoURCES • mY SHARE
general and unspeciic the horoscopes were and
elicit examples.
step 9: Provide learners with genuine copies of
their horoscope for the week. If the language level
is appropriate, using horoscopes from a current
magazine, newspaper, or webpage (Appendix
3) will add a greater sense of authenticity to the
activity as well as dispel any fears that you are
attempting to dupe the learners again!
step 10: Have groups discuss whether they feel
their authentic horoscopes were any more accurate than the generic ones they initially read and
then report back to the class.
step 11 (optional): As a wrap-up, learners could
also be asked if there are any other ways of predicting a person’s personality type that are common in Japan (blood type, for example).
Possible follow-up activities
1.
2.
Ask learners to write a horoscope they would
like to receive and bring it to the following
class. If shared in groups, interesting conversations often develop as to why different
people have wished for certain things.
Compile a list of 12 famous people, one for
each star sign. Have learners attempt to
match each individual to the appropriate star
sign and related characteristics while providing justiication for their decisions.
Appendix 1. Astrological personality
traits
You can use Personality Trait handouts featuring
either keywords alone (Example One), extended
descriptions (Example Two), or a combination of
both depending upon the learners’ levels. Including examples of famous igures born under each
sign can also raise interest levels.
Example one
leo
(Birth date: July 23 to August 22)
traditional leo traits
Positive:
Negative:
Generous and warmhearted Full of yourself
Creative and enthusiastic
Bossy
Open-minded
Intolerant
WRITER
Example two
leo (Birth date: July 23 to August 22)
Leos are conident that they can accomplish
anything they want to in life and always want
to be the best at everything they do. Leos like
excitement and do not worry about tomorrow.
You love luxury and think that ordinary things
are boring. You are also kind and generous and
forgive people quickly. You are a great friend,
but you want praise and sweet talk in return.
Because you like being the center of attention,
pride can sometimes be your biggest problem.
In spite of this, Leos make the world a fun and
interesting place.
Famous Leos:
Jennifer Lopez—July 24th; Natsumi Abe
(Morning Musume)—August 10th; Masahiro
Nakai (SMAP)—August 18th
Appendix 2. sample generic
horoscope
(Any star sign)
(Any dates)
If you made any plans for this weekend, be
prepared for unexpected changes. A bossy
character in your life requires you to do a lot
of last minute work for an upcoming workrelated project or exam. Although you feel the
stress now, don’t worry; you will be rewarded
for your efforts. At the end of the week, romance improves.
Appendix 3. Web resources
The following websites provide information
regarding Star Sign characteristics as well as upto-date horoscopes. Be sure to tailor the language
to the desired level if necessary.
• <search.cari.com.my/horoscopes/horoscopes.
php>
• <www.astrology-insight.com/index.htm>
• <www.astrology-online.com/index.htm>
• <www.astrology.com/kids/>
• <www.dazzlynn.com/free/horoscopes.html>
Disclaimer
This information was collected from a variety of
online astrology sites when designing this lesson.
THE LANGUAGE TEACHER 30.1 • JANUARY 2006
6
WRITER
RESoURCES • mY SHARE
As much of the information available online is
remarkably similar, the information is being used
here with the understanding that it is general
knowledge and that citing any one source for the
information would be misleading.
step 6: When the irst set of students is inished,
say the sentences again.
step 7: Now have the other partner say the sentences.
conclusion
Weekend review
Christopher Bozek
Kitami Institute of Technology
<bozekch@mail.kitami-it.ac.jp>
Quick guide
Key Words: Warm-up activity, speaking, memorization, preposition focus
learner english level: Beginner and above
learner maturity level: High school and above
Preparation time: 5 minutes
Activity time: 10 minutes
materials: Chalk, blackboard
This activity can be used each week in all speaking classes. It is easy and gets all the students
speaking in complete sentences.
Preparation
Before class, write down several sentences describing the activities you did over the past weekend. Think of at least 10 sentences and underline
the verbs.
Procedure
step 1: Write On Saturday or On Sunday with the
list of 10 verbs on the blackboard. For example,
write woke up, ate, or drove in a column.
step 2: Say each of the sentences out loud as you
point to each past tense verb. Say the sentences
many times.
step 3: Have the students get into pairs and do
rock, scissors, paper.
step 4: Have the loser say all the sentences to
their partner remembering to use the teacher’s
name or He or She.
step 5: Walk around the classroom and monitor
what students are saying.
THE LANGUAGE TEACHER 30.1 • JANUARY 2006
If students cannot remember something, their
partner can help them by telling them the words
they forget. Many students forget the prepositions after a verb, so you might decide to write
them on the board along with the verb. If you
do not write the preposition, you could stress it
when you say the sentence in order for them to
remember it easily. This is a good way to emphasize prepositions. If you do this for 2 or 3 weeks
in a row, students will get used to it and really
enjoy it.
Variation 1
Instead of the teacher preparing the sentences
about his or her weekend, have one student do it.
Variation 2
Have all the students write four sentences about
their weekend activities. Have them get into pairs
and say the sentences to their partner several
times. The partner listens and then repeats the
four sentences without looking at their partner’s
paper.
JALT Journal
is a refereed research
journal of the Japan
Association for
Language Teaching
(全国語学教育学会).
It invites practical and
theoretical articles
and research reports
on second/foreign
language teaching and
learning in Japanese
and Asian contexts.
For more information
and submission
guidelines see <www.
jalt.org/jj/>
RESoURCES • bOOk RevIews
…with Robert Taferner
<reviews@jalt-publications.org>
If you are interested in writing a
book review, please consult the list
of materials available for review in
the Recently Received Column, or
consider suggesting an alternative
book that would be helpful to our
membership.
bOOk RevIews ONLINe
A linked index of book Reviews can be found at:
<jalt-publications.org/tlt/reviews/>
NeW yeAr! Starting this year off we
have three book reviews to help you
make your textbook selection a little easier. Nic Farrow begins the column with The English
Course, a textbook with multimedia support, followed by Jo Brooks’ thoughts on the student-centered Writing from Within Intro student textbook,
and inally A Dynamic Approach to Everyday Idioms
is reviewed by Marlen Harrison.
H
APPy
The English Course
[Gary Ireland, kevin murphy, and max
woollerton. Tokyo: Ireland murphy
woollerton Publishing, 00. pp. 0.
¥,00. IsbN: under application.]
Reviewed by Nic Farrow, Bunkyo
Gakuin University
You have a class of average university students
with the normal range of motivations, low and
zero, and then you are confronted with someone
saying, “I really want to improve my English!
How can I ind extra material to study with?”
Well, perhaps you will no longer have to look
at them blankly and mumble something about
trying not to look at the subtitles when watching
movies. The English Course is not just a textbook,
or even a textbook with a CD, but comprises three
interrelated modules: a textbook, a DVD for every
student, and access to a website of interactive
exercises, self-tests, and listening opportunities.
With their own DVD of all the main conversations (with its obvious visual advantages over
7
aural only) and further listening exercises available online, students have a considerable amount
of receptive material with which to (perhaps
privately) hone their listening and pronunciation
skills. Using the website, teachers can then direct
and monitor out-of-the-classroom activities.
Swanson & Daniels (2005) suggest that the arrival
of such Course Management Systems (CMS) is
the most exciting recent development in the area
of educational technology.
Be careful of irst impressions—none of the
components are as slick and glossy as the materials
offered by the mainstream publishers. The book is
black and white, and the layout leaves something
to be desired aesthetically. That said, headings are
clear and precise, making it easy for teachers and
students to identify and follow through together.
Each unit includes ive or more video sequences,
role-plays, audio, and oral sections. These are then
supplemented with further material on the website. The English
Course employs
a functional
approach, with
topics such as
greeting, inviting, and expressing opinions.
These, of course,
are fairly standard in many
communicative
courses, and
some would
argue that this
is really more
appropriate for
ESL situations,
getting along in
the land of the
target language. The introduction explains that this
course is intended for lower intermediate Japanese
college and university students, and is designed
to make learning interesting and enjoyable, while
accommodating the varied learning styles of students. Student self-directed study using the DVD
and the website, with their range of various activities, is an essential aspect of this course, not just an
adjunct to the class activities. Students can study
at their own pace and focus on areas where they
feel they need to improve. A central advantage of
the DVD and website is that they provide students
with opportunities outside the classroom to improve aural and oral production skills, a boon for
both the slow learner and the student who wants
THE LANGUAGE TEACHER 30.1 • JANUARY 2006
8
WRITER
RESoURCES • booK REvIEWS
to get ahead. This kind of attention to individual
needs is just the kind of focus called for by Scarella
and Oxford (1992) as well as by Nunan (1991).
The DVD presents the situations and some
of the target forms for the students, with language that is easy to understand yet natural. The
authors have tried to provide situations that are
“realistic and plausible in terms of the students’
probable English-speaking opportunities in their
present or future lives” (p. 3). It seems the intent
is to inspire students to take advantage of the
few opportunities they may have in this country to actually communicate in English. In fact,
all the situations were recorded in Japan, many
of Japanese students talking with foreigners.
Although they have local accents, their voices are,
mercifully, clear and easy to hear. I found neither
substandard forms nor misleading pronunciation
models. The DVD also provides the user with an
impressive array of settings, with subtitles on or
off, sound off for all, or just one speaker or the
other, so that students can take the part of each
speaker themselves. This can lend itself very
well to effective individual study, especially for
those students who do have the motivation to go
beyond the basic class requirements. However,
use of the DVD needs some getting used to, and
teachers would be well advised to be sure they
are familiar with the equipment they will be using in class before the class begins.
Another area for teachers to be aware of before
beginning the irst term is negotiating the website. This was something of a challenge for me
at irst, but detailed explanations are there to be
found and understood, even by non-techies like
me. For techies, this will be a breeze. Notably, the
webmaster provided help by email when I asked
for clariication. There are a few teething problems on the website and in the other components,
but the site is visibly evolving day by day, and
this is still a new enterprise.
My class of 1st-year college students began
with the unit Starting Conversations, an area
with which many Japanese have big problems.
The DVD started with some stills for warm-up
questions, followed by a model conversation at a
party and some basic comprehension questions. I
opted to play it several times, adding the subtitles
after a couple of times. Students found it novel,
had little problem understanding the material,
and easily set about paired substitution work
based on the model. Following this, the Language
Focus section provides tables with suggested
conversation openers. This presented problems in
my class when students were unable to imagine
THE LANGUAGE TEACHER 30.1 • JANUARY 2006
situations which might be linked to the forms
presented. However, this is classroom work, and
the teacher would be expected to step in with
explanations. The unit continued with three more
video samples of conversations in different situations and levels of formality, interspersed with
various activities such as additional role-plays,
which required more autonomous efforts from
the students. This easily illed two 90-minute lessons. The students certainly showed more interest
in this course than the previous communicative
textbook we had been using, and also found their
way onto the website with few major hurdles. We
spent one whole lesson in a CALL room, learning
how to log in and do some quizzes. I was then
able to have the students send in the exercises
they had done online and review them at my
leisure at home.
In conclusion, for teachers who are not into the
latest technology, this will be an instruction-intensive experience, and possibly frustrating to begin
with. For students, here is a course with some
novel aspects both in and out of the classroom,
which does far more than most to cater for individual needs. Whether this multiple-component
system is a world irst or not, I cannot say, but it
certainly looks like The English Course is a leader
in the way things are going in language teaching.
And if there is a highly motivated learner lurking
amongst my students, she already has a whole
array of extra materials at her ingertips.
Further explanation on all aspects of The English
Course can be found on the website <www.theenglishcourse.com>.
references
Scarcella, R., & Oxford, L. (1992). The tapestry of language learning. Boston: Heinle & Heinle.
Nunan, D. (1991). Language teaching methodology. London: Prentice Hall.
Swanson, M., & Daniels, P. (2005). Course management
systems. The Language Teacher 29(3), 51-53.
RESoURCES • booK REvIEWS
Writing from
Within Intro
[Curtis kelly & Arlen Gargagliano.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,
00. pp. vii + 9. ¥,699. IsbN: 0-6066-8. Teacher’s manual, pp. viii + 78.
¥,66. IsbN: 0--606-X.]
Reviewed by Jo Brooks, Kobe
Shoin Women’s University
What is a paragraph? If your students are not
sure, or think that every sentence should start
on a new line, then this is the book for them.
The Preview Unit answers this question right up
front. In this unit, students compare correct and
incorrect paragraph formats, and are guided to
an understanding of what a paragraph looks like
and what should be included in a paragraph,
that is: one main idea. This easy-to-grasp unit
eliminates much of the confusion that beginning
writers often have.
Writing from Within Intro continues to provide
the same thoughtful support for students through
the 12 main units. This text aims at low-level
learners such as 1st-year junior college students
or students who may not be English majors. The
units all provide well thought out scaffolding at
every step to assist students in becoming successful in their writing.
A unit can be covered in two 90-minute class
periods, with one or two pages as homework. Each
unit is divided into eight one- or two-page lessons, plus a inal one-page Option lesson. These 8
lessons cover the pre-writing, writing, editing, and
revising stages of the writing process. Emphasizing how important pre-writing is, the irst ive lessons in each unit cover pre-writing activities such
as brainstorming, analyzing model sentences, and
learning about paragraph organization. Lesson
6 of each unit is the Writing Lesson and starts by
providing a model paragraph and related activities. Students then plan and write their own paragraphs. Lesson 7 provides editing exercises with
a speciic focus in each unit, such as combining
sentences with and or but, and the use of present or
past tense. Murray (1997, p. 1) noted, “revision is
not the end of the writing process but the beginning” and believes that revision is not supericial.
Accordingly, Lesson 7 asks students to consider
and revise what they wrote in Lesson 6.
WRITER
9
Lesson 8 of every unit is a peer review and
feedback activity in which students read each other’s work, compare it to a unit-speciic checklist
and provide feedback. This activity underscores
the need for editing, review, and revision in process writing and also provides models students
can use to evaluate their own writing. In Unit 3,
An Ideal Partner, students consider factors that
are important to them in a partner. The Feedback
Lesson of this unit includes an activity in which
peer reviewers respond to written paragraphs by
drawing a picture of a potentially ideal partner
for their classmate. My students loved sharing
this activity with each other.
Unit 8, Movie Review, introduces two-paragraph writing. This is the irst time students
organize their writing into more than one paragraph, each with its own main idea. After working through the
paragraph organization activities,
my students were
able to produce
two paragraphs organized by movie
details (plot, characters, etc.), and
their own enthusiastic opinions.
Each unit includes an optional
lesson at the end.
These can be
omitted although
some, such as the
Tourist Guidebook in Unit 2, are worth spending
the extra time on. Students enjoy the creativity
of adding graphics and other design elements in
these activities. This helps them to realize that
they can enjoy writing and adds to their overall
enthusiasm.
The division of Units into Lessons is the only
aspect of the book that my students and I ind a
bit confusing, since those terms are often interchangeable. Lesson 5 in any unit, for example,
could easily be interpreted as Unit 5. This is easily
dealt with, though, by always giving students the
page numbers along with the lesson numbers to
make sure they don’t get lost.
The student’s book is well supported by the
teacher’s manual, which is quite comprehensive
and useful. An overview is provided for each
unit, including suggested timing for each lesson
in the unit, key points, and recommendations
for a minimal set of lessons to be covered in each
THE LANGUAGE TEACHER 30.1 • JANUARY 2006
0
WRITER
RESoURCES • booK REvIEWS
unit, if there is not enough time to cover everything. The manual continues with details for each
section of the unit, including how to introduce
the activities, answer keys, and several optional
activities. With this much assistance being provided in the teacher’s manual, it is unlikely that
any additional material would be necessary to
supplement the text.
Although Writing from Within Intro is in its irst
full year of use now as a primary textbook, I used
some of the units last year to complement another
writing text. After working with the units from
Writing from Within Intro many of my students
found it easy to understand, thought the activities
were useful, and enjoyed using the text. I saw students who had been bored and resistant become
engaged and enthusiastic. I also saw them put
more care into their work, which resulted in a
noteworthy improvement in their writing.
Writing from Within Intro is irmly grounded
in the theories of process writing in which the
focus is not on what has been written, but rather
on how it is written and how it can be improved
(Furneaux, 1998). This text provides the structure
and support that low-level students need to begin
process writing. Teachers looking for a writing text
that scaffolds the activities for students every step
of the way are sure to be happy with this one.
references
Murray, D. (1997). The craft of revision (3rd ed). Fort
Worth, Texas: Harcourt Brace.
Furneaux, C. (1998). Process writing. Retrieved July 20,
2005, from <www.rdg.ac.uk/AcaDepts/cl/slals/process.htm>
A Dynamic
Approach to
Everyday Idioms
[Casey malarcher. Tokyo: hokuseido, 00.
pp. 9. ¥,700. IsbN: -90-080-8.]
Reviewed by Marlen Harrison,
Momoyama Gakuin University
A Dynamic Approach to Everyday Idioms provides
300 common idioms listed in 30 different lessons
and is targeted to high beginners. A colorful and
often humorous text accompanied by a useful
THE LANGUAGE TEACHER 30.1 • JANUARY 2006
CD, Dynamic Approach attempts to introduce
idioms through a variety of learning strategies
and humor that provide opportunities for not
only idiom practice, but reading and listening
comprehension practice as well. I successfully
used Dynamic Approach with 1st-year university
students from a variety of majors as a supplement
to their main texts.
Each of the 30 non-thematic lessons is separated
into four sections: A) English deinitions, question
and answer (dialog) examples, and sample sentences; B) 10 multiple choice practice questions;
C) ill in the blank dialog with word bank; and D)
a story illustrating the idioms in context. Additionally, the book
includes both a
table of contents
of idioms by lesson number, and a
convenient Index.
The companion
CD offers all 4 sections of each lesson in easy-to-understand English
that is spoken in
a variety of North
American accents.
Dynamic Approach is quite
easy to use, and
the combination of activities within each lesson
allows the teacher to choose one speciic format
for study, or all of the activities for optimum
reinforcement. The beginning section of each lesson offers the students synonyms for each idiom,
which are sometimes just as useful, and are often
idioms themselves. These are accompanied by
at least three sample sentences of the idiom in
context, and an A-B dialog. The Practice section
offers 10 multiple choice or gap ill questions and
is a great way to check for understanding. The
often humorous Dialog sections include gap ill
activities (which can easily be used as role-plays)
with word banks at the top. The inal section, Idioms in Context, offers a variety of narrative and
descriptive passages, three to seven paragraphs
in length, with the idioms highlighted in bold
print. Moreover, the often humorous illustrations
and colorful pages add a creative dimension to
this text, not to mention making the book easy on
the eyes.
I found the activities easy to teach and quite
useful as a supplement to other class activities.
Again, the variety of formats within each lesson
RESoURCES • booK REvIEWS
offered learning opportunities to suit students’
various learning styles and an adequate level of
reinforcement. Students practiced the introduction sections on their own as homework and
were given the Practice section as a quiz. We then
completed the listening section together in class
and inally students had an oral quiz based on the
stories. For an extension project they were asked
to create their own illustrations with idioms of
their choice, and inally, created their own quizzes for their classmates based upon the question
formats used in the book. When students were
asked what was the most memorable English
learned in my course during the semester, many
listed idioms from Dynamic Approach. Much of
the vocabulary in the three chapters I taught was
WRITER
already familiar to my students, but before using
the text, they hadn’t any knowledge of how to
use the language in conversation.
My only complaint is that the book needs a
thorough proofreading, as I found at least one
misprint within each of the three lessons I taught.
If you are looking for a multi-disciplinary approach to studying idioms, this is an accessible
book for advanced beginners that would be a
great supplement for reading and conversation
students. Due to the variety of activities, Dynamic
Approach could even work as a stand-alone text.
As an aside to the publishers: please change
that cover—it gives no hint as to all the fun stuff
inside!
RESoURCES • ReCeNTLy ReCeIveD
…with scott Gardner
<pub_review@jalt-publications.org>
A list of textbooks and resource books for language
teachers available for review in TLT and JALT Journal.
ReCeNTLy ReCeIveD ONLINe
An index of books available for review can be found at:
<jalt-publications.org/tlt/reviews/>
* = irst notice; ! = inal notice. Final notice items
will be removed January 31. For queries please
write to the email address above.
Books for students
(reviewed in TLT)
Contact: Scott Gardner
<pub-review@jalt-publications.org>
Beginners Preparing for the TOEIC Test. Graziani, F.,
& Nakamichi, Y. Tokyo: Hokuseido, 2005. [Incl.
CDs, tapescripts, Japanese answer key].
! Fact Finders Questions and Answers: Countries
(series). Bauer, B., et al. Mankato, MN: Capstone, 2005. [Incl. 28 hardcover juvenile readers,
each on a different country].
* The Heinle Picture Dictionary. Boston: Thomson
Heinle, 2005. [Incl. English/Japanese version, beginning workbook, CDs, sample lesson planner].
! An Introduction to Media English. Kizuka, H.
Tokyo: Hokuseido, 2004. [Incl. CD, teacher’s
manual (mostly in Japanese)].
* Introductory Guide to the TOEIC Test. Rogers,
B. Boston: Thomson ELT, 2006. [Incl. scripts,
answer key, CDs].
Japanese in MangaLand 2: Basic to Intermediate Level.
Bernabe, M. Tokyo: Japan Publications, 2005.
Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary (7th ed.).
Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005.
Totally True: Building Vocabulary Through Reading
(Books 1-3). Huizenga, J., & Huizenga, L. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005.
! Traveling the World in English. Nordvall, K.
Tokyo: Hokuseido, 2005. [Incl. CDs, transcript/
answer key].
Books for teachers
(reviewed in JALT Journal)
Contact: Yuriko Kite
<jj-reviews@jalt-publications.org>
Multiple Voices: An Introduction to Bilingualism.
Myers-Scotton, C. Malden, MA: Blackwell,
2006.
Practical English Usage (3rd ed.). Swan, M. Oxford:
Oxford University Press, 2005.
THE LANGUAGE TEACHER 30.1 • JANUARY 2006
CommENTARY • FORUm DIGesT
…with Donna Tatsuki
<forum@jalt-publications.org>
Every month, this column will offer a
summary and commentary on some
of the issues being discussed on our
JALT Publications Forum. A forum
only has life if people join, read, post,
and respond! We hope this column
will inspire you to make your own
contribution.
He WorD forum originally referred to the
large open space in the heart
a Roman city; it was a meeting place where people could meet
to do business or do their shopping, visit with friends and most
importantly, exchange information. An internet forum, as a
meeting place to exchange
information and engage in
lively discussion, continues the
best features of the Roman Forum,
minus the problems of pestilence,
personal hygiene, and public
executions.
T
How to Forum
Simply speaking, someone posts a message
which is visible to everyone; you read it and then
have the option to post a reply which will also be
visible to everyone. In this way a discussion can
build up without everyone having to be online at
the same time. Remember that what you say will
be in the public eye for years to come.
Sometimes, like other types of online communication, Internet forums can develop into heated
exchanges and personal rivalries which, if not
moderated, may deteriorate the trust of participants and render the forum useless for meaningful discussion. So, administrators or moderators
of the JALT Publications Forum will attempt to
keep all objectionable messages off this forum
and may remove, edit, move, or close topics they
feel do not follow the rules.
What you can post
You can post anything relevant to JALT Publications or academic publishing in general.. You can
request advice on writing, or offer considered
advice to others.
THE LANGUAGE TEACHER 30.1 • JANUARY 2006
What you can't post
• inappropriate content: Do not post any messages that are obscene, vulgar, sexually-oriented, racist, hateful, threatening, or otherwise
in violation the law. Please use good judgment
when choosing user names, avatars, or images
to post, and do not attempt to bypass the word
ilter. It is there for a reason.
• Personal attacks, rudeness, laming, baiting,
insults to others, or arguments: Challenge
others' points of view and opinions, but do so
respectfully and thoughtfully.
• Posts on the same topic in more than one
forum. Pick the most relevant forum for your
post.
• Posts that violate copyright. Do not post full
copies of copyrighted articles from elsewhere
on the Internet. Post a link to the article instead. Likewise, all posts are copyright to the
author.
If you believe a post does not follow these rules,
or is objectionable for any other reason, please
report it to the moderators.
I am soliciting suggestions for a name for this
column (monthly summary with commentary):
Forum and Againstum? Forum Digest? Lurking on
the Forum?
Other suggestions are welcome.
See you at the Forum!
Donna tatsuki has been lurking on JALT lists
since email was invented. She narrowly survived
her term as Editor of JALT Journal but appears to
have been sentenced for another unspeciied period without bail, and with no possibility of time
off for good behavior.
JALT Publications Forum
If you would like to discuss any article further, find
more information on JALT Publications, get help
with your own writing, or just meet the people who
make TLT click, we encourage you to visit our online
forum:
<forum.jalt-publications.org>
If you are not already a forum member, please complete the simple registration process.
JALT FoCUS • FROm JALT NATIONAL
…with Joseph sheehan
<jalt-focus@jalt-publications.org>
JALT Focus contributors are
requested by the column editor to
submit articles of up to 750 words
written in paragraph format and
not in abbreviated or outline form.
Announcements for JALT Notices
should not exceed 150 words. All
submissions should be made by the
15th of the month, one and a half
months prior to publication.
JALT FOCUS ONLINE
A listing of notices and news can be found at:
<jalt-publications.org/tlt/focus/>
JALT Calendar
Listings of major upcoming events in the organisation.
For more information, please visit JALT’s website <jalt.
org>, or see the SIG and chapter event columns later in
this issue.
} February 4–5: National Executive board meeting (Ebm)
} April 28: JALT2006 presentation submissions deadline
} may 13–14: Pan-SIG Conference
} June 3–4: CALL SIG Conference in Hokkaido
} June: National Ebm (dates TbA at February meeting)
} September 15: Pre-registration for JALT2006
(presenters)
} october 6: Pre-registration deadline for JALT2006
(general attendees)
} November 2–5: JALT2006 in Kitakyushu
JALT watch
JALT National news and announcements in brief.
} The irst 2006 National Executive Board Meeting (EBM)
will be held February 4–5 in Tokyo. Information will be
made available to JALT Oficers nearer the time.
} JALT National Oficer elections will take place before this
year’s conference. Look for calls for nominations and voting information in upcoming TLTs.
} In 2006, JALT will be reafirming its commitment to support the JET community on both local and national levels.
Contact your local chapter oficers to ind out how you
can be involved in upcoming teacher-training events.
} The Promotional Slideshow Committee needs your JALTrelated photos. Interesting and unique photos representing your SIG or Chapter are in high demand! For details,
contact Steven Nishida at <vp@jalt.org>.
2006 and the JALT Focus
column for January. For a recap of 2005
and a look ahead into what’s in store
for JALT in 2006, read president Steve Brown’s
New Year’s greeting. Then take a look at the
Grassroots section for a report on the JALT2005
Domestic Forum and a message from the
JALT2005 Asian Scholar, Koun Chamroeun.
W
elcome to
Message From
JALT National
greetings to you all
and a Happy New year!
At the beginning of last year, I spoke of JALT reaching out to other organizations to broaden our professional horizons and reaching in to foster professional
development within JALT. In the spirit of collaboration and inclusion, we hope that some positive steps
have been made in that direction during 2005, and
that this will continue during 2006.
2005
In terms of reaching out, the most tangible
event of the year was the signing of a bilateral
agreement with the Philippine Association for
Language Teaching (PALT), who also signed an
agreement with FEELTA (Far Eastern English
Language Teachers’ Association) during the JALT
conference in Shizuoka. PALT is now well on the
road to becoming a fully-ledged member of PAC,
the Pan Asian Consortium of Language Teaching
Societies.
National oficers also attended conferences
of our PAC partners and continued discussions
aimed at strengthening the group. Each partner
organization is now moving towards giving
PAC a higher proile at their own
conference, which will hopefully
lead to increased opportunities
for our members to present at
conferences in the region.
In terms of reaching in, the
conference this year offered
new ideas and a new JALT
logo, as well as the opportunity for more members
than ever to present their
ideas and research. Research
THE LANGUAGE TEACHER 30.1 • JANUARY 2006
JALT FoCUS • FRom JALT NATIoNAL / JALT NoTICES
grant awards for members have also been revitalized, and three awards of ¥100,000 each were made
to JALT members at the conference.
There has also been increased interaction between SIGs and chapters, with several mini-conferences or workshops taking place around the
country. This is a relection of the great spirit of
collaboration that we are happy to see continuing
within JALT, and something I’m sure the whole
membership wishes to see continue throughout
and beyond 2006.
2006
Continuing to reach out and in:
JALT will be 32 years old in 2006, and The
Language Teacher begins its 30th volume with this
issue. We’re all looking forward to the planned
anniversary celebrations in November! In the
meantime, continue to enjoy the news, research,
and other articles that JALT brings you, courtesy
of the organization’s tireless publications team.
As well as strengthening ties with our PAC
partners, it’s good to see members actively taking
a more global perspective within the organization.
This is evident in the Himeji chapter’s Bangladesh
Project, led by chapter president Bill Balsamo. The
chapter has been involved in charity work and offering support for language teachers in Bangladesh
such as a language teaching seminar weekend,
which they will be leading again this year together
with members from other chapters. It’s a project of
which all of us can be proud.
Research grants will continue to be on offer.
These awards are intended for individuals or
groups who would not normally have access to
research funding. We hope that more members
will apply this year, so keep your eyes open for
news in The Language Teacher.
JALT2006 will be in Kitakyushu from November 2–5. The theme will be Community, Identity,
Motivation. Tim Murphey, conference chair, and
others are already hard at work to follow on from
the success of Shizuoka last October.
Aside from regular programmes, we hope
to see further collaboration between chapters
and SIGs in 2006. The Fifth Pan-SIG conference
(May 13–14, Tokai University, Shimizu Campus,
Shizuoka) is the biggest event planned, but there
are other smaller events on the horizon. Keep an
eye out for these in The Language Teacher or in the
JALT Events Calendar <jalt.org/calendar/>.
If you have any ideas for what else could be
happening in the organization, get in touch with
THE LANGUAGE TEACHER 30.1 • JANUARY 2006
us and let us know how we can help you get it
going! Alternatively, talk to your chapter president or SIG coordinator. As your elected local
representatives, they can bring your ideas, comments, or problems to JALT’s Executive Board, so
please don’t hesitate to talk to them.
In the meantime, we hope you continue to enjoy JALT. Remember, it’s your organization: The
opportunity is there for you to contribute and join
the collaboration in any way you like.
May the Year of the Dog be a peaceful and joyful year for everyone in the JALT community!
Steve Brown
JALT President
Next month: Vice President Steve Nishida introduces JALT’s nerve centre—the staff at JCO!
JALT Notices
call For Nominations
Position: Acting Director of Records (One of the
team of JALT’s elected national oficers)
Duties: The holder of this volunteer post is
responsible for keeping the minutes of JALT
Executive Board Meetings and Ordinary General
Meetings, as well as keeping SIGs and chapters
informed of JALT National activities and maintaining oficer manuals. In addition, the holder
will chair JALT’s Records and Procedures Committee, who will provide administrative assistance with his/her duties.
skills: Excellent communication skills with native or near-native English, proiciency in computer-based document production, and a willingness to work closely with other JALT directors are
all essential. An ability to organize information
with a strong attention to detail, together with an
understanding of the organizational structure of
JALT are desirable.
Term of Ofice: Starting from the 1st EBM (Executive Board Meeting) in Tokyo (February 4 – 5,
2006) and concluding at the JALT conference in
November 2006. The holder will be able to extend
this term if successfully elected in the National
Oficer elections in 2006.
To nominate someone, both you and that person must be a current member of JALT. Please
contact Anthony Robins <nec@jalt.org> or by
post: JALT Nominations and Elections Committee
Chair, Department of International Cultural Studies, Aichi University of Education, Hirosawa 1,
JALT FoCUS • JALT NoTICES
Igaya-cho, Kariya-shi, Aichi-ken, 448-8542. Please
include the name of your nomination together
with details of his/her qualiications. The deadline for nominations is January 24, 2006.
layout and Printing tenders
The Competitive Bidding Committee is now accepting applications for two categories of JALT
Publication tenders. Please submit separate
tenders for layout and printing that cover up to a
3-year period beginning April 1, 2006. Documents
can be requested by contacting Steven Nishida,
Competitive Bidding Committee Chair <vp@
jalt.org>. Deadline for applications is February
28, 2006. Criteria for selection include: a professional level of skill and experience, the ability to
get work done on a regular basis all-year round, a
willingness to work at the lowest possible cost to
the organization, and knowledge of JALT Publications (strongly preferred).
esP special issue call for
contributors
The Language Teacher is seeking papers (1,500–
2,000 words) related to ESP teaching and learning in Japanese post-secondary and professional
contexts, which may include English for business,
hospitality, medical, technical, or tourism purposes, among others. Topics should be research or
classroom based and may focus on the challenges
teachers, materials designers, curriculum innovators, program administrators, and students face
in such contexts. Articles about new or innovative
ways to teach ESP content, design ESP-related
materials, or manage ESP programs are welcome.
Additionally, please consider submitting shorter
articles to the My Share column about practical
ways to deal with ESP content in the classroom.
If you are interested in writing a paper for this
special edition of TLT or have suggestions that
might it with the above themes, please contact
Heidi Evans or Todd Squires <esp_jalt@yahoo.
com>. The deadline for manuscript submissions
is March 31, 2006. Articles should be completed
and ready for editing by May 1, 2006.
Peer support group
The JALT Peer Support Group assists writers who
wish to polish their papers so they may be published. We are now looking for JALT members
interested in joining our group to help improve
the quality of the papers of fellow professionals.
A paper is read and commented on by two group
members, and if you are not conident in your
skills offering advice to fellow writers, we have
a shadowing system to help you get your bearings. Please email the coordinator <peergroup@
jalt-publications.org> for further information. We
do not at present have Japanese members, but
that is because none have applied so far. We are
also interested in receiving papers from members.
Please do not hesitate to send us your paper at
the address above. We look forward to hearing
from and helping you.
universal chapter & sig Web Access
JALT chapters and SIGs have webpages available
that contain upcoming meeting information and
oficer contact details. These pages are linked to
the main JALT website and are viewable at <jalt.
org/groups/your-chapter-name>, where yourchapter-name is the name of the chapter or SIG
you wish to contact (e.g., <jalt.org/groups/westtokyo>; <jalt.org/groups/CUE>). In some cases,
chapters or SIGs may not have provided up-todate information; this will be relected on the
webpages. Queries can be directed to the JALT
(English) web editor, Paul Collett <editor-e@jalt.
org>.
staff recruitment
The Language Teacher needs English language proofreaders immediately. Qualiied applicants will be
JALT members with language teaching experience,
a fax, email, and a computer that can process MS
Word iles. The position will require several hours
of concentrated work every month, mailing list
subscription, and occasional online and face-to-face
meetings. If more qualiied candidates apply than
we can accept, we will consider them in order as
further vacancies appear. The supervised apprentice
program of The Language Teacher trains proofreaders
in TLT style, format, and operations. Apprentices
begin by shadowing experienced proofreaders and
then rotate from section to section of the magazine
until they become familiar with TLT’s operations
as a whole. They then assume proofreading tasks
themselves. Consequently, when annual or occasional staff vacancies arise, the best qualiied candidates tend to come from current staff, and the result
is often a succession of vacancies illed and created
in turn. As a rule, TLT recruits publicly for proofreaders and translators, giving senior proofreaders
and translators irst priority as other staff positions
become vacant. Please submit your curriculum vitae and cover letter to the Publications Board Chair
<pubchair@jalt.org>.
THE LANGUAGE TEACHER 30.1 • JANUARY 2006
ireland murphy Woollerton
Publishing Advert
JALT FoCUS • membeR’s PROFILe
…with Theron muller
<memprofile@jalt-publications.org>
member’s Profile is a column
where members are invited to
introduce themselves to TLT’s
readership in 750 words or less.
Research interests, professional
affiliations, current projects, and
personal professional development
are all appropriate content. Please
address inquiries to the editor.
Member’s Proile:
Theron Muller
Member’s Proile,
part of the changes afoot
in The Language Teacher for
2006. I’m Theron Muller, and I’ll be
editing the column, along with this
column’s sister, Showcase. If you
would like to submit to either,
please contact me. My editorial calendar is still relatively free for 2006,
so I’m looking forward to hearing
from you.
This month I’ll use this space to introduce myself and the publication
board’s vision behind adding two
new columns to TLT. Starting next
month we’ll be featuring a different
JALT member each issue.
In Shizuoka, TLT’s editorial team
explained the publication is evolving,
making the different sections clearer
by creating space for national, local,
and individual focuses. My columns are
for individual members to share their interests, goals, and achievements.
Please consider this month’s columns as models
of what we’re looking for, and send me something about yourself. Particularly since national
oficers have their own space, I’m interested in
voices that have been heard less often in TLT.
I’m relatively new to JALT. I joined in 2004 after
inishing my MA in TESL/TEFL with the University of Birmingham. I signed on as an oficer with
W
elcome to
7
the Shinshu chapter, began proofreading for TLT,
and joined the JALT peer support group. You may
know me from my association with the JALT2004
Proceedings, or from my discussion session at
JALT2005 about getting published. If you missed
my presentation, look for a synopsis in the
JALT2005 Proceedings. One advantage of presenting at the conference is the opportunity to publish
in the proceedings.
Outside of JALT, I’m an active member of the
Shinshu Research Support Group. As the web
editor, I invite you to visit us <eltresearch.com>.
Afiliation with the local group has offered an
opportunity to network with fellow professionals
that I wouldn’t otherwise have. I’m also on the
Asian Business Journal editorial team, <asian-business-journal.com>. Being an editor there allows
me to keep up with current research and to
branch out beyond my own specialty interests.
My research interests include cross-cultural
interaction (the topic of my dissertation), taskbased learning (TBL), and curriculum innovation.
Currently I’m most active in TBL and curriculum
innovation. Speciically, I’ve been researching
how grammatical and lexical language agendas,
such as suggested phrases in textbooks, inluence
students’ performance on tasks. I’ll speak on that
topic briely in April at the Asian EFL Journal
International Conference, and will be addressing
the same theme at the Yokohama Chapter meeting in May. Regarding curriculum innovation, a
colleague and I have been working together on
evaluating students’ attitudes toward English
over the course of a year of study.
I contributed a short chapter to Teachers Exploring Tasks, edited by Jane Willis and Corony
Edwards. My contribution was adapted from an
MA assignment, and inspired the discussion I led
at JALT2005: adapting post-graduate assignments
for publication. I also published my dissertation
with the Asian EFL Journal. If you’ve got an unpublished dissertation, I would recommend you
submit it to them. It’s an opportunity to disseminate your work beyond your dissertation evaluators and to increase your proile in the ield.
Several works in progress include a statistics
primer for language teachers, development of a
research support group, and cross-institutional
journal exchanges between my classes and a colleague’s.
As a teacher I ind myself wearing several different hats. In March 2005 I purchased a small
private language school, Noah Learning Center.
Our website is <noahlc.jp>. In addition to my
THE LANGUAGE TEACHER 30.1 • JANUARY 2006
8
JALT FoCUS • mEmbER’S PRoFILE & SHoWCASE
duties as co-owner and teacher there, I work parttime at Seisen Tandai Jogakuin, where I teach
1st-year required English courses, and Nagano
Kosen, where I teach a 5th-year course titled
Math in English.
If you’re new to JALT, my experience is an
example of how fast you can ind a home in the
organization and how far you can progress in a
short span of time. I strongly recommend getting
involved.
With the birth of my son in June, our irst, I’ve
scaled back locally by giving up my position as
a Shinshu chapter oficer, though I’m looking
forward to being part of the JALT2005 Proceedings
editorial team and continuing to work with TLT.
A big advantage of JALT membership and these
new columns in particular is the opportunity
to foster collegiality. If you think your interests
dovetail with mine, and you would like to start a
dialogue, please don’t hesitate to contact me. I’m
looking forward to hearing from and working
with you in the coming year.
Wow, 5 for
the price of 4 ?
You’re kidding!
Nope . . .
-Buy a 4year JALT
membership,
and get the 5th
one free !!
*See the postal furikae
at the back of this TLT !!
THE LANGUAGE TEACHER 30.1 • JANUARY 2006
Showcase
Hi! Welcome to Showcase, a new column in TLT. If you have
an accomplishment you would like to share, please contact
the Member’s Proile editor. To launch the column, Greg
Goodmacher, co-author of several books, has been invited to
say a few words about his latest publication, This is Culture.
This is Culture
Greg Goodmacher
Finishing a book always feels like an achievement because of the tremendous amount of time,
effort, and stress involved. Finishing This is Culture felt particularly rewarding because my coauthor, Asako Kajiura, is
also my wife. It is our irst
co-authored book, and I
could not have written
it without her. Asako’s
specialty is intercultural
communication and my
main interest is developing materials for content-based ESL classes.
She knows more than I
do about intercultural
communication, and I
was able to mix content she thought important
with activities that also teach language skills. It
was quite a challenge.
Building on the theme of This is Culture, at the
last JALT conference we presented on the simultaneous teaching of cultural content and language. One point Asako shared is that students
need to develop self-awareness skills in order
to understand other cultures. Unexpectedly, a
member of the audience announced that he was
using our book and that it really works. This unexpected afirmation was extremely satisfying,
and one of the many beneits we’ve discovered
to being authors.
Besides writing teaching materials, I am also
a practicing teacher, and perhaps my greatest
achievements have been the friendships I’ve
made which have lasted over nearly 20 years
and thousands of miles. My irst teaching job
was as a Peace Corps volunteer in a very remote area of Thailand. Those teenage students
are now in their 30s and we still visit and write.
These students and friends from all over the
world, this creation and continuation of strong
bonds, is what makes teaching a wonderful and
rewarding experience for me.
JALT FoCUS • GRAssROOTs
…with Joyce Cunningham &
mariko miyao
<grassroots@jalt-publications.org>
The co-editors
warmly invite 750word reports on
events, groups, or
resources within
JALT in English,
Japanese, or a
combination of
both.
N tHis issue, you will read an
exciting report on the JALT2005
Domestic Forum, where the
latest happenings in elementary
schools in Japan were discussed.
Also, a warm hello and thank you
comes from the JALT2005 Asian
Scholar in the second report.
I
JALT2005
Domestic Forum
The JALT2005 Domestic Forum was held on
October 8. The irst part of the event was a panel
discussion led by Kensaku Yoshida. Panelists
included people working directly with children in
primary schools and people in advisory positions.
Short presentations from each panelist were followed by a keynote address by Osamu Kageura of
the University of Miyazaki. The inal half hour was
devoted to answering questions from the loor.
The irst panelist, Yuko Naoyama (Supervisor,
Center for General Education, Board of Education, Kyoto City) talked about the development
of a Kyoto standard for the teaching of English in
Kyoto. Naoyama said that, similar to many cities
throughout Japan, all of Kyoto’s 180 primary
schools have, to varying degrees, introduced English into their primary school curriculum. However, the big difference between Kyoto and other
municipalities is that all the primary schools
within the same junior high school district follow
the same English curriculum and conduct English lessons for an equal number of hours. In this
way, all the children entering junior high in the
district are at an equal level of English with their
9
peers. The novelty of this system was made clear
later by others who complained of inconsistencies
amongst schools and the dificulties of trying to
teach highly mixed ability classes in junior high.
The second panelist, Tom Merner of the JALT
Teaching Children SIG, spoke largely about teacher
training and the role of the Japanese teacher alongside assistant native-speaker teachers. Merner urged
more Japanese teachers to take charge of class,
saying that homeroom teachers were better able to
understand the learning styles of each student. He
also mentioned a move to hire more primary school
assistant language teachers from the group of teachers who have already spent 2 or 3 years teaching
in Japan as junior or senior high AETs, as they are
more understanding of Japan’s unique context.
Next, we heard from Junko Kitaoka, head
English teacher at the primary school attached to
Gifu University. Kitaoka explained that the focus
of the English curriculum in Gifu was on gaining
international understanding and improving personal communication abilities. She pointed out
the beneits of rounded conversations instead of
simple repetition of ixed sentence patterns, and
the use of answer plus skills instead of one-answer
replies to drilled questions. She said that as the
Japanese teacher of English, her classroom interaction with the homeroom teacher was mostly in
English, rather than in Japanese, thereby gently
easing the children into an English world. In this
way, the AET’s visit was not a special occasion,
but an extension of the usual English class.
The inal panelist was Mikio Kano, principal
of Kakamihara Senior High School, a designated
SELHi. Kano quoted igures illustrating Japan’s
low foreign language education and international
exchange standards. Kano was adamant that
clearer goals are needed in primary and secondary education strata to improve these igures. Additionally, Kano stressed that enjoyable conversation activities play important roles at early stages.
Kageura, the keynote speaker, explained that
there were a number of issues that needed to be
tackled, from classroom logistics to teacher creativity, as well as bridging the widening gap between primary and secondary schools. He hoped
that more schools would adopt their own ALTs so
that children could experience more natural communication situations.
Of the many questions that arose from the audience, one was about the introduction of reading
and writing: whether to teach them, and when.
All concurred that timing is crucial when introducing letters. The consensus was that children
should have at least 2 years of listening and
THE LANGUAGE TEACHER 30.1 • JANUARY 2006
0
JALT FoCUS • GRASSRooTS
speaking practice before letters are introduced
unobtrusively. One inal comment was that until
now the children had been molded into the English curriculum the Board of Education provided,
but that it is time to mold the curriculum to it the
children of each particular area.
In closing, it is hoped that next year a closer
afiliation can be made with the local Board of
Education, thereby increasing the number of participants from nearby school districts.
Reported by Margaret Yamanaka-Gevers
JALT2005 Domestic Forum Assistant Coordinator
My Experience with
JALT2005
My name is Koun Chamroeun, and I am a Cambodian national. I am currently working as the
head teacher at New World Institute, a private
English language school in Cambodia.
Before applying to be an international participant at JALT2005, I had never considered the
idea of presenting at a JALT conference. Indeed,
I had no idea what JALT was all about. However,
shortly after the CamTESOL conference in March
2005, Paul Mahony (CamTESOL Director and
country Director of IDP Education, Australia,
based in Cambodia) asked me if I was interested
in submitting a proposal for JALT2005. I thought
that it was a great opportunity, and I agreed without hesitation. While Mahony believed everyone
should have a chance to apply, to ensure quality presentations he decided that presenters at
CamTESOL 2004 and 2005 should have priority.
Including mine, there were only two abstracts
submitted to the JALT committee, and the Program Committee and Ted O’Neill informed me
that my proposal had been selected.
I was delighted to learn that my proposal was
accepted, and thereafter my irst priority was to
get an entry visa to Japan. O’Neill was assigned
as my main contact person for the conference. We
corresponded by email for some time to obtain all
the documents required by the Japanese Embassy.
It wasn’t an easy process. The certiication of participation sent in July by the Program Committee
was not suficiently valid to grant me the visa. I
immediately informed O’Neill and the Program
Committee. It took a fair amount of time for the
committee to resend the letter and other relevant
documents. I was really starting to worry because
there were only a couple more weeks before
THE LANGUAGE TEACHER 30.1 • JANUARY 2006
JALT2005. Fortunately, just 2 weeks before the
conference, all the required documents arrived,
and my entry visa was inally issued.
Phew! Time to get ready! Since I knew very little about Japan and had never been there, I knew
it was going to be an exhilarating trip full of
adventure. O’Neill, who had been actively emailing me about the conference, kindly gave me all
the necessary information and directions on how
to get around. Things worked out as expected.
I couldn’t believe how easy it was to ind my
way around Narita Airport, all the way from the
checkout counter to the train platform.
Overall, my experience at JALT2005 was great!
There were a lot of things I found positive and
useful about the conference. The JALT conference
committee was very active and helpful with the
arrangement of paperwork. I was well informed
about what would happen at the conference. The
information on the website was well organized
and updated regularly. I was especially impressed
that JALT had attracted many famous international speakers, big name publishers, and many
foreigners who are teaching in Japan. The event
was professionally organized and, of course, this
was beneicial to the conference participants.
Most of the presenters I saw were experienced
and qualiied in their ields, and many participants expressed a strong will to actively learn,
which made the presentations more interesting.
Not only that, but all of the conference participants I spoke to were nice and friendly.
Having a Cambodian presenter at the conference
for the irst time came as a big surprise to most
people. They wondered how I could participate.
My initial response was “I’m the Asian Scholar,
and I was sponsored by JALT and JALT chapters
to come here.” Many participants complimented
JALT’s efforts to involve people from the region,
especially from countries like Cambodia and Laos.
Finally, I would like to express my profound
appreciation to the President and Vice President
of JALT and its chapters for making it possible
for me to attend the conference this year. Also,
I’d like to thank a number of others who offered
their kindest hospitality during my stay in Japan,
including Andrew Zitzmann, Tim Woolstencroft,
and especially Ted O’Neill, Charles Kelly, Larry
Kelly, Kip A. Cates, and Junko Fujio. Last but not
least, I hope to see you at future JALT conferences
or at CamTESOL. The 2006 CamTESOL conference
is going to be held February 25–26, 2006. For more
information, please visit <www.camtesol.org>.
Reported by Koun Chamroeun
Head Teacher, New World Institute
<chamroeun_k99@yahoo.com>
JALT FoCUS • OUTReACh
…with David mcmurray
<outreach@jalt-publications.org>
outreach is a place where teachers
from around the world can exchange
opinions and ideas about foreign language learning and teaching. It provides outreach to classroom teachers
who would not otherwise readily
have access to a readership in Japan.
The column also seeks to provide a
vibrant voice for colleagues who
volunteer to improve language learning in areas that do not have teacher associations. Up to
1,000 word reports from teachers anywhere in the world
are welcomed. Contributors may also submit articles in
the form of interviews with teachers based overseas.
Outreach column embraces the opinions
of Edizon Angeles Fermin
from the Philippines. He ably
represented the Philippine Association for Language Teaching (PALT)
at JALT2005 when he signed a
partnership agreement with JALT
on behalf of his organisation.
Articles written by representatives
of language teaching organizations
outside Japan will be featured in
the months to come.
T
His iNAugurAl
The
Philippine
Association
for Language
Teaching
Edizon Angeles Fermin once
received an impassioned 27-page
letter from a student. Her rant
—pleaded in English—concerned
the complexity of the homework
assignments. A young high school
teacher at the time, Fermin took the
letter to heart and in turn wrote a
580-page critical autobiographical
research thesis in English about
how dificult it is to be a language
teacher in the Philippines. These
cathartic responses emphasize just how powerful,
transforming, and empowering storytelling can
be in the Philippines. Fermin shared this anecdote with an intrigued audience of teachers from
India, Thailand, Korea, Singapore, and Japan during the International Forum held at JALT2005.
The Philippines is the fourth-largest Englishspeaking country in the world. English and
Filipino are the oficial languages of the Republic
of the Philippines, although over 70 languages
and dialects are spoken. A bilingual education
policy was initiated in 1974, and mathematics
and science courses are instructed in English. The
print media is dominated by English, but television, radio, and local movies are predominantly
Filipino. In addition to writing—and sending text
messages on cell phones—Filipinos also love to
converse. Filipinos can generate massive amounts
of English to read and listen to. Textbooks are
printed in English and assignments are expected
to be written in English. Filipino is spoken more
often in the classroom than English.
All Filipinos have a given name, a middle
name (that is the mother’s maiden name), and
a surname. Teachers are always called madam
or sir by students in class. Most Filipinos have
nicknames, and Edizon Angeles Fermin prefers
to be called Ed. According to Ed, once a Filipino
student invites you to address him or her by a
nickname, you are expected to do so. Ed is now
the Secretary-Treasurer for the Philippine Association for Language Teaching, Inc. (PALT). He
teaches English at Miriam College High School in
Quezon City.
Ed attended JALT2005 in order to sign into effect a partnership with JALT that will encourage:
(a) the exchange of small delegations of teachers
to each other’s conferences, (b) the exchange of
publications, (c) the formation of collaborative
research projects, and (d) development of the
Pan-Asian series of Conferences (PAC). Ed told
the audience that his colleagues consider the signing of the agreement as a milestone in their development. JALT was the irst association to accept
PALT’s offer of international afiliation.
THE LANGUAGE TEACHER 30.1 • JANUARY 2006
oUTREACH • THE PHILIPPINE ASSoCIATIoN FoR LANGUAGE TEACHING
PALT has been hosting conferences and publishing academic journals for its Filipino members
for 46 years. It is the oldest professional organization of language teachers in the Philippines. It
was founded by a group of educators headed by
Professor Aurora L. Samonte, and has developed
through teachers afiliated with the College of
Education in the University of the Philippines
located in Diliman, Quezon City. There are currently 320 active members, but the PALT leaders
hope to open their doors to more international
members. To achieve this goal they have added
an international component to their national
conventions. The international convention organizers want to broaden debate on what they have
identiied as ive key components of teaching:
Matter, Methods, Materials, Measurement, and
Management. The alliteration of these keywords
corresponds with the selection of Manila as the
site for their conference next April.
The Philippine Journal for Language Teaching is
edited by Teresita Perez Ignacio at
the University of the Philippines.
His Filipino associate editors
are high school, college, and
university teachers. The
current issue and back issues of the journal contain
articles from teachers
based in the Philippines
and neighboring Asian
countries such as Malaysia
and China. Membership
news is communicated via
the monthly PALT Newsbits.
The front page news of most issues summarizes the speeches given
at local venues by well-known professionals in
the ield of language teaching. Members have a
THE LANGUAGE TEACHER 30.1 • JANUARY 2006
choice of two chapters in the Manila region: the
Negro Occidental and the Marikina City chapters.
In tandem with the strategy to reach more
overseas teachers, the members of PALT intend to
change their oficial name from the Philippine Association for Language Teaching to the Philippine
Association of Language Teachers. The new name
is intended to express PALT’s goal of empowering all its members as stakeholders. Teaching
methodology has focused on learners for the past
few decades, and is now shifting toward more
teacher-centered approaches to cope with large
classrooms. The organizers of JALT conferences
similarly realize that one of the reasons why
our annual international language teaching and
learning conference actually is “international”
is because of the overseas attendees it attracts.
In contrast with PALT however, at JALT94 the
members assembled at the Ordinary General
Meeting of JALT in Matsuyama voted to change
the meaning of the acronym the other way round:
From Teachers to Teaching. The reasoning behind
that decision was to focus planning on the
purpose of improving teaching and to circumvent the unwanted (and growing)
image of being a job placement type of
organization.
PALT is a professional organization
at the service of language teachers,
teacher educators, and ultimately
the students they serve. Readers of
this Outreach column are welcome to
contact Ed and other PALT oficers at
<interpalt@yahoo.com>.
CoLUmN • sIG News
…with mary hughes
email address should be written on one line and
the type of presentation on the next line.
<sig-news@jalt-publications.org>
JALT currently has 17 Special
Interest Groups (SIGs) available for
members to join. This column publishes announcements of SIG events,
mini-conferences, publications, or
calls for papers and presenters. SIGs
wishing to print news or announcements should contact the editor by
the 15th of the month, 6 weeks
prior to publication.
Pan-sig 2006
This month, we’d like to announce the second
call for papers for the Fifth Annual JALT Pan-SIG
Conference 2006, titled Authentic Communication:
Process and Purpose. It is sponsored by the JALT
Bilingualism, Pragmatics, Testing and Evaluation,
and Teacher Education SIGs as well as Shizuoka
chapter. It will be held at the Shimizu Campus of
Tokai University in Miho-Shimizu, Shizuoka on
May 13–14.
The past 10 years have been full of discussion
about active communication. This conference
wishes to build on ideas regarding what makes
communication effective and how we can teach
this to our students. It aims to address issues of
teacher education, testing, second language acquisition, and practical issues as well as pragmatics. There are still a few openings for presentation
proposals. Details follow.
Types of presentations
• Papers—Formal lecture: 45 minutes including
time for questions
• Poster Sessions—Informal discussion about
exhibit: 30–60 minutes
• Publishers’ Sessions—Publishers demonstrate
how a textbook or other teaching material can
be applied.
Criteria for selection
All proposals will be refereed by a team of experts from the speciic category they address. The
abstract should be double spaced and it on one
sheet of A4 Paper (250 words maximum). The
title should be limited to 50 characters. At the bottom of the abstract the contact person’s name and
Submissions
Submit two copies of your abstract as an attachment (one with name and afiliation and one
without) to <pansig2006@jalt.org> by February
10. Conirmations will be sent out by March 1.
All presenters must pre-register by March 15 or
their proposal will not be included. All conirmed
presenters will be requested to provide a 50-word
autobiography after conirmation for inclusion
in the program (i.e., name, occupation, place of
work, teaching experience, and education background). Only electronic submissions will be
accepted for review.
Bilingualism—As you probably know by now,
the theme for this year’s JALT national conference
is Community-Identity-Motivation. Well, always
one step ahead of the pack, the Bilingualism SIG
has just released a special issue of its journal entitled Identity in Bilingual Japanese Contexts.
What does it mean to be Japanese when one of
your parents isn’t? What kinds of cultural capital
do so-called half-Japanese girls construct? How
does a non-Japanese boy raised in Japan develop
the various facets of his identity? In what way
does the acquisition of English help Japanese
women in international marriages broaden their
sense of self? What value do immigrant children
in Japan place on their minority language proiciency? These are only some of the questions that
the authors in the 2005 issue of the Japan Journal of
Multilingualism and Multiculturalism tackle.
Kai or Leo? Arisa or Kay? Our SIG has also
recently published the 12th volume in its monograph series, titled Naming Bilingual Children in Japan. This time we explore the issue of how crosscultural couples in Japan choose names for their
children. More than just a list of baby names,
this monograph brings together personal stories
from over 60 international families with around
100 children, each considering the issues that
they worked through together as the irst step in
raising a child in and between two cultures. The
monograph will be valuable both as the irst-ever
published collection of bilingual naming practices in Japan and as a practical guide for young
families facing the task of choosing a name for
their children.
Both publications are available for purchase
online <www.bsig.org>.
THE LANGUAGE TEACHER 30.1 • JANUARY 2006
CoLUmN • SIG NEWS
cAll—The CALL SIG would like to thank all
of the JALT members who attended our Annual
General Meeting in Shizuoka. We look forward
to another year with you and our newly elected
oficers for 2006. The JALT conference is an
important opportunity to meet fellow CALL SIG
members, but you can still stay in touch with us
online throughout the year, or visit us at our annual conference to be held in Hokkaido this year.
For more information on the SIG’s publications,
activities, or how to get involved in the CALL SIG
and why it will beneit you, please visit our website <jaltcall.org>. You can CALL anytime!
college and university educators—Learner Development Context, Curricula, Content: Proceedings
of the Kobe Conference 2003 was recently published
by CUE in cooperation with the LD SIG. All
CUE members and all participants in the retreat
are entitled to a free copy. For others the cost is
¥1,500. Please contact Philip McCasland with
order requests.
gender Awareness in language education—Gender Issues Today, an intermediate level
English (EFL) textbook for young adult learners,
appeared in September 2005. Written by several
GALE members led by Jane Nakagawa, along
with other writers interested in gender issues,
it comprises an introductory content course in
gender issues for young adult learners. It is being
published through a print-on-demand publisher,
Tokyo Shuppan Service Center, for ¥1,200. (Overseas orders are also welcome, though there may
be a small surcharge for orders delivered outside
of Japan.) It can be ordered directly through
Munetoshi Kawamura, Tokyo Shuppan Service
Center, 401 Saint Ofice Akihabara, 1-33-6 Taito,
Taito-ku, Tokyo 110-0016; <kawamura@c-enter.
co.jp>; t: 03-5688-5801; f: 03-5688-5803.
For readers new to TLT, GALE is the Gender
Awareness in Language Education SIG. Its purpose is to research gender and its implications for
language learning, teaching, and training. To join
GALE please use the form in the back of TLT or
contact the membership chair, Diane Nagatomo
<dianenagatomo@m2.pbc.ne.jp>.
global issues in language education—Are
you interested in promoting global awareness
and international understanding through your
teaching? Then join the Global Issues in Language Education SIG. We produce an exciting
quarterly newsletter packed with news, articles,
THE LANGUAGE TEACHER 30.1 • JANUARY 2006
and book reviews; organize presentations for local, national, and international conferences; and
network with groups such as UNESCO, Amnesty
International, and Educators for Social Responsibility. Join us in teaching for a better world! The
GILE website is <www.jalt.org/global/sig/>.
For further information, please contact Kip Cates
<kcates@fed.tottori-u.ac.jp>.
Japanese as a second language—The JSL SIG
has expanded its mission. While maintaining its
traditional goal of promoting the JSL teaching
profession, the SIG has now begun to focus on
JSL learning as well. Membership is growing and
includes both JSL teachers and learners. Our bilingual newsletter is being published. Articles are
being sought. Sample issues of the newsletter are
available. We are updating our bilingual website
<jalt.org/groups/JSL>. Elections took place, and
more people are encouraged to become oficers.
At the JALT conference in October 2005, a speaker
gave a presentation and the SIG had its annual
meeting.
日本語教育研究部会はその役割を広げています。第
二言語としての日本語教育の奨励という目標を掲げつ
つ、さらに第二言語としての日本語学習にも力をいれ
ています。会員数も日本語教育者と学習者を含め増え
ております。また、２ヶ国語のニュースレターを発行
しておりますので、記事の方も募集しております。希
望者にはSIGニュースレターを差し上げます。ウエブ
サイトは<jalt.org/groups/JSL>ですので、どうぞご覧下
さい。役員選挙は終わりましたが、役員希望者は歓迎
いたします。なお、2005年10月のJALT静岡大会では年
次総会と発表が行われました。
Junior and senior High school—Members of
the JSH SIG are going to make presentations on
January 29 at the Kanto Junior and Senior High
School English Teachers Seminar which will be
held at the Tokyo British Council (1-2, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-0825). The seminar is
being sponsored by Cambridge University Press
in cooperation with the West Tokyo chapter of
JALT. The one-day event will begin at 10:00 and
run until 17:20. For further information, please
contact the British Council by t: 03-3235-8031, f:
03-3235-8040, or email <enquiries@britishcouncil.
or.jp>.
learner Development—We are a vibrant group
of teachers committed to exploring connections
between learning, teaching, and learning to learn.
After a successful mini-conference in Miyazaki
in November, we are now putting together a collection of reality testing papers by participants
(short accounts of how the techniques learned
CoLUmN • SIG NEWS
during the conference worked when put into
practice by participants in their own teaching
context). Watch this space for more information
about the LD Work in Progress day in Osaka this
summer and the LD Forum 2006 at the JALT conference in Kitakyushu. For further information
about the Learner Development SIG in general,
please check out the LD website <coyote.miyazaki-mu.ac.jp/learnerdev/> or contact the co-coordinators, Marlen Harrison <scenteur7@yahoo.
com> or Stacey Vye <stacey.vye@gmail>.
materials Writers—The MW SIG moves into the
New Year with a lot of ideas and various plans in
the works. There are plans for mini-conferences
and participation in the upcoming Pan-SIG conference. The MW SIG group email list is active with
ile sharing and a materials contest, in addition to
the regular sharing of information and ideas. We
welcome your participation and input. Feel free to
contact the co-coordinator for more information.
other language educators—OLE has issued
OLE Newsletter 36, containing: reports from OLE
relevant summer conferences; a call for papers for
the JALT2005 Proceedings; an offering of peer support; a discussion paper that attempts to ameliorate the fear and anxiety of writing a paper and
that contains hints for writing and submitting
papers in times of empiricism; a calendar of OLE
related events; the OLE mission statement, to
enable translations of it to be posted on the JALT
webpage; and, inally, a report from the embassy
panel at JALT2005 and events related to it. Copies
are available from Rudolf Reinelt <reinelt@iec.
ehime-u.ac.jp>.
Pragmatics—The Pragmatics SIG will co-sponsor
the Pan-SIG 2006 conference to be held in Mihono-Matsu, Shizuoka in May. We invite interested
pragmatics researchers to submit proposals for
presentations. For further information, please
visit <pragsig.org> or contact Megumi KawateMierzejewska <pansig2006@yahoo.co.jp>.
Professionalism, Administration, and leadership in education—The PALE SIG welcomes new
members, oficers, volunteers, and submissions
of articles for our journal or newsletter. To read
current and past issues of our journal, visit <www.
debito.org/PALE>. Also, anyone may join our listserv <groups.yahoo.com/group/PALE_Group/>.
For information on events, visit <www.jalt.org/
groups/PALE>.
Pronunciation—The Pronunciation SIG is seeking new members. This SIG is regrouping, with
the intent to discuss, share, and promote ideas,
processes, and up-to-date research regarding pronunciation teaching and learning. If you are interested in joining or would like more information,
please contact Susan Gould <gould@lc.chubu.
ac.jp> or <suzytalk@yahoo.com>.
teaching children—JALT Junior 5 will take place
in Kitakyushu next year at JALT2006. You are
cordially invited to join us. If you have ideas you
would like to share, please submit a presentation
proposal to the JALT website before April 28. We
look forward to seeing you there! In the meantime, please join our mailing list <tcsig@yahoogroups.com>. We also publish a bilingual newsletter four times a year, full of teaching ideas. For
information, please visit <www.tcsigjalt.org>.
来年は北九州のJALT2006年度全国大会でJALTジュ
ニアを開催します！皆様の参加を歓迎いたします。他
の人に伝えたいアイデアをお持ちでしたら、2006年4月
28日までに是非発表の企画書をこちらのウェブ サイト
<www.conferences.jalt.org/2006>を通して、提出してく
ださい。日本語での講演、小学校英語に関して
の講
演は特に歓迎します。北九州でまたお会いできますよ
う！それ以前でも<tcsig@yahoogroups.com>に連絡いた
だければ、私たちの活動に参加できます。また素 敵な
アイデア満載のバイリンガル機関紙も年4回発行してい
ます。興味のある方は<www.tcsigjalt.org>を参照してく
ださい。
teacher education—The TED SIG and the
Okayama JALT chapter will host a 2-day conference on Professional Development in EFL on October 7–8 at Okayama University in Okayama. For
further details, including a call for papers, please
visit the TED SIG website <jalt.org/teach>.
teaching older learners—A Happy New Year
from TOL! With more than 50 members in our
SIG, TOL has big plans for this year. Please keep
your eye on TOL’s every move so that you won’t
miss anything exciting or invaluable. Would you
like to ind out who the oldest learner of English
in Japan is? If so, join TOL and start teaching
older learners now. If you keep teaching here for
years to come, not only will your students be the
oldest and most honorable learners in Japan, but
you will also be the oldest and most honorable
teacher in Japan.
THE LANGUAGE TEACHER 30.1 • JANUARY 2006
6
CoLUmN • ChAPTeR eveNTs
…with Aleda krause
<chap-events@jalt-publications.org>
Each of JALT’s 36 active chapters sponsors from 5 to 12 events every year.
All JALT members may attend events
at any chapter at member rates—usually free. Chapters, don’t forget to add
your event to the JALT calendar or
send the details to the editor by email
or t/f: 048-787-3342.
ChAPTeR eveNTs ONLINe
You can access all of JALT’s
events online at:
<www.jalt.org/calendar>.
If you have a QRcode-capable
mobile phone, use the image
on the left.
APPy NeW yeAr to all! When TLT went
to press, not all chapters had completed
their plans for January, but that doesn’t
mean your favorite chapter has nothing happening this month. Check the JALT calendar <jalt.
org/calendar/> to ind out the latest information
about what’s going on near you.
H
east shikoku—My Share—Pronunciation. To follow up John Wells’ presentation on teaching English intonation, this session will be a mini-presentation (10–15 minutes) and poster session in
which local members can present a teaching idea
on pronunciation. Prospective presenters should
contact Roger Nunn <nunn@cc.kochi-u.ac.jp>.
This is an opportunity for irst-time presenters,
who will be given help in preparing if needed, as
well as for experienced presenters. There will be a
brief introduction summarizing the points raised
by Wells, but this will mainly be a participation
session. Saturday January 14, 14.00-16.30; Kochi
University, Asakura Campus, Humanities Building
5F; one-day members ¥500.
Fukuoka—What Can I do With an iPod in the
Classroom? by robert chartrand, Kurume University. Digital audio players have revolutionized
the way people listen to music. Have educators
taken advantage of this technology to enhance
language learning? The presenter will discuss
how to incorporate an iPod into the classroom as
THE LANGUAGE TEACHER 30.1 • JANUARY 2006
well as report on how other educators are turning
this technology into an innovative educational
tool. Participants will have an opportunity to
experience learning with an MP3 player through
demonstration lessons. Saturday January 28, 19:0021:00; Fukuoka Jo Gakuin Tenjin Satellite Campus 9F,
Tenjin 2-8-38, Chuo-ku, Fukuoka (map <www.kyushuelt.com/jalt/map.html>); one-day members ¥1000.
gifu—Listening Strategies: Getting Students
Prepared for the New Center Shiken by steve
Quasha. Beginning in 2006, the university center
entrance exam will include a listening section—
certain to spark renewed interest in developing
listening skills and strategies. This workshop will
use a relective model so participants can explore
how they have taught listening and critically
review the more common methodologies. We will
discuss getting students to take more responsibility for their listening progress and generate material that can help our students hone their skills.
For more information, email <gifujalt@yahoo.
co.jp>. Sunday January 22, 19:00-20:30; Heartful
Square, Gifu JR Station, F2; one-day members ¥700.
gunma—English Immersion in Japan by eugene
cooper. Cooper will speak about Gunma Kokusai Academy, an English immersion school which
opened in April 2005. The school, located in Ota
city, has attracted students from across Japan
and has also received national media attention.
Cooper is principal of the school. Sunday January
15, 14:00-16:30; Maebashi Institute of Technology;
one-day members ¥1000.
Kagoshima—Student-Centered Learning by Bo
causer, Junshin High School. For many years
now teachers have been talking about studentcentered learning. Most agree it’s a good thing,
but how can we put it into action? This workshop
will give you some ideas you can use in your own
classrooms to make your lessons more studentcentered. Hopefully it will also give you the
courage to come up with your own ideas and to
try them out with your students. Sunday January
22, 15:00-17:00; 1F, Kousha Biru, Seminar Room 117,
in Shinyashiki opposite the Shinyashiki tram stop; oneday members ¥1000.
Kitakyushu—Electronic Dictionary Workshop
by takashi inomori. Electronic dictionaries are
becoming popular with high school and university students. In some schools more than 80%
are e-dictionary users. But do the users know
CoLUmN • CHAPTER EvENTS
about the useful functions not available in paper
dictionaries? Inomori, who has given workshops
for high school English teachers, will show what
amazing learning and teaching tools e-dictionaries can be. Participants are asked to bring their
own e-dictionaries and will have a chance to use
Casio’s latest model. Saturday February 4, 18:3020:30; Kitakyushu International Conference Center,
Room 31(a 5-minute walk from the Kokura train station); one-day members ¥1000.
Kobe—Using Whole Discourse Tasks for Language Teaching by Deryn P. Verity, Osaka
Jogakuin College. The word context is used
everywhere in our ield, but what does it mean?
Whole discourse tasks require a learner to operate within several types of context at once; even
low-proiciency learners can create contexts for
their utterances. This seminar will introduce three
different types: discourse context, social context,
and psycholinguistic context. The focus will be on
tasks that ask students to move beyond the word
and sentence level into discourse, social setting,
and pragmatic function. Saturday January 21,
16:00-18:00; Kobe YMCA (2-7-15 Kano-cho, Chuoku); one-day members ¥1000.
Kyoto—Challenging Myths About Japanese Language Learners by sara cotterall, Akita International University. This presentation will challenge
the myth that Japanese learners are passive and
teacher dependent. Cotterall will report on data
gathered recently that provides evidence of Japanese university students’ willingness to assume
responsibility for their learning. She will also
identify classroom activities most likely to foster
learner independence. Saturday February 11, 18:0020:00; Kyoto Bunka Center; one-day members ¥1000.
Nagasaki—Feedback and Plans for 2006. Best
wishes to everyone from Nagasaki JALT for the
Year of the Dog. As part of our annual survey
process, please tell us about what you liked and
didn’t like last year and what topics or formats
you would like in 2006! For email contacts, as
well as news and event updates, please go to our
homepage <www.kyushuelt.com/jalt/nagasaki.
html>, or you can also keep in touch with us
by signing up for our monthly email newsletter
<www.kyushuelt.com/jalt/nagamail.php3>.
Nagoya—Teaching Listening to Low-Level
Learners and Teaching the Strategies of Speaking by Alastair graham-marr, Abax Publishing.
7
(Part 1) Teaching listening means teaching both
phonology and discourse. Knowledge of the
phonology of natural connected speech helps bottom-up decoding skills. Knowledge of discourse
helps with top-down predictive skills. (Part 2) We
all use strategies to conirm or clarify what we’re
saying and hearing to show interest, to maintain
and develop conversations, and for luency. This
talk will introduce the text, Communication Spotlight, that helps students learn strategies. Sunday,
January 22, 13:30-16:00; Nagoya International Center
3F, Lecture Room 2; free for all.
Nara—Let’s Speak the Same Language! A joint
event with Tenri University, joined by KELES
Nara and NET Forum. Presentations are From
Chants to Speaking Activities by Noriko Hisa,
Sango Junior High School; A Report From a
Super English Language High School by toshimi
yoshikawa and masako sakai, Ichijyo Senior
High School; NETs and NNETs—Do They Speak the
Same Language? by mark sheffner and rodney
Dunham, Tezukayama University, and Hidetami
Nakai, Tenri University; and Strategic and Spiral
Ways of Developing Students’ Speaking Abilities by
goro tajiri, Higashi Izumo Junior High School. A
party will follow. Saturday January 14, 12:45-17:40;
Tenri University; free for all.
okayama—chris creighton will give a demonstration lesson and workshop on teaching English
to elementary school children. Sunday January 15,
15:00-17:00; Sankaku Building, Okayama; one-day
members ¥500.
sendai—Sensory Experience—Re-experienced.
Last May 80 people plus 20 staff took part in a
fascinating Sensory English Experience. At this
meeting, we’ll see the DVD recording of that
event, plus engage in a variety of sensory exploration experiences. Sunday January 29, 14:00-17:00;
Sendai Mediatheque (map <www.smt.city.sendai.
jp/en/info/access/>); one-day members ¥1000.
toyohashi—Creating Opportunities for Authentic Communication and Critical Thinking
by laura Kusaka and martha robertson. The
presenters will report on methodology and classroom practices in a Japanese university setting,
focusing on 1st-year students enrolled in English
classes for spoken communication skills. Using a
content-based instruction and sustained-content
language teaching approach in their classes, they
created classroom situations with meaningful
THE LANGUAGE TEACHER 30.1 • JANUARY 2006
8
CoLUmN • CHAPTER EvENTS
content that challenged students’ intellectual
curiosity. They used materials such as videos or
student-produced projects. The presenters feel
that such innovation can renew students’ interest in learning English. Sunday January 15, 13:3016:00; Aichi University Bldg. 5, Room 53A; one-day
members ¥1000.
West tokyo—The Kanto Junior and Senior High
School English Teachers’ Seminar with curtis
Kelly, martin Nuttall, chuck sandy, and others.
West Tokyo JALT and Cambridge University
Press welcome you to the British Council for a
full day of presentations on themes relevant to all
involved in teaching at the high school level. This
is a great opportunity to see prominent authors,
ind out about global exams, contact teacher
organizations, and network with other professionals. Sunday January 29, doors open at 9:45, irst
presentation at 10:00; British Council, Tokyo (map
<www.britishcouncil.org/japan-map-tokyo.htm>; free
for all; Contact 03-3295-5875 or <tokyo@cambridge.
org>.
yamagata—On Studying in Germany and Japan
by reinhold grinda. The speaker is a lecturer at
Yamagata University. He is to talk about the topic
mentioned above focusing on English as a means
of global communication in the 21st century and
on the differences between Germany and Japan
in English teaching methods. Saturday January 14,
13:30-15:30; Yamagata Kajo Kominkan Sogogakushu
Center, 2-2-15 Shironishi-machi, Yamagata-shi
(t: 023-645-6163); one-day members ¥800.
yokohama—Why Do Students Lose Their Motivation? by Kiwa Arai, Sophia University. Encouraging and maintaining students’ motivation
is a dificult task. So often our students lose their
willingness to learn. Arai will focus on indings
on losing motivation, the demotivation of Japanese university students through their negative
experiences in language classes. Results from
a questionnaire will show which demotivating
experiences are most common among Japanese
students. How they react to their experiences
reveals interesting patterns. Sunday January 15,
14:00-16:30; Ginou Bunka Kaikan (Skills and Culture
Center) near JR Kannai and Yokohama Subway Isezakichojamachi (see <yojalt.bravehost.com> for details
and a map); one-day members ¥1000.
We Need You!
JALT is run solely by volunteer efforts. The more
people who pitch in, the less work there is for
everybody. Please consider volunteering to help
out. Every hand helps!
What Can You Do for JALT?
Volunteer to help out at JALT2006:
"Community, Identity, Motivation"
Kitakyushu, Japan: November 2–5
SIGs, Chapters, Registration, bag stufing, recruiting, Information Desk, Job Information Centre,
Handout Centre, catering, site, EME, photocopying, editing, proofreading, writing, funding, PR,
advertising, signs, speakers, reporters, photographs, hospitality, accommodation, translation,
interpretation, transport, supplies, coordinating, cleaning up, setting up, monitoring, website,
layout, inputting, printing, badge checking, tearing down, designing, accounting, planning,
researching, organising, gophering . . .
Contact: <volunteers@jalt.org>
THE LANGUAGE TEACHER 30.1 • JANUARY 2006
CoLUmN • ChAPTeR RePORTs
…with heather sparrow
<chap-reports@jalt-publications.org>
The Chapter Reports column is
a forum for sharing synopses of
presentations held at JALT Chapters around Japan with the TLT
readership. For guidelines on
contributions, see the Submissions page at the back of each
issue.
9
was found for vocabulary retention. The evidence
implied the need for dictionary skills training.
Possible classroom activities using an ED were
discussed.
Practical issues were discussed, such as the
cost and convenience of ED vs. PD. PD are far
cheaper than ED, making them more affordable
for students, while ED are smaller and more
portable, making it more likely that students will
bring them to class. The issue of standardization
was also raised. What dictionary should students
buy? Is it okay for the students to have different
versions?
Reported by Harry Meyer
east shikoku: November—Teaching English
Intonation by John Wells. Wells introduced his
new approach to both transcribing and teaching
intonation. Intonation has perhaps been neglected
in EFL teaching because it has been perceived
as being so complex and dificult to represent in
handouts. His transcription system, which can be
handled on a normal keyboard, is based on only
three basic tones, which can of course be elaborated on by the teacher where necessary. The talk
was illustrated with a lot of very clear examples
and supported with a very clear exposition of the
theory of practice by one of the world’s leading
specialists. His workshop session focused on
practice, with participants using the new simpliied model to identify intonation patterns using
a variety of examples. This was a key event for
our new chapter and the best attended meeting to
date.
Reported by Roger Nunn
Kitakyushu: october—Talking Texts by clyde
Fowle. Fowle, a Thailand-based teacher trainer,
underlined the need for students to be given opportunities to speak. However, discussions need
to be well structured, giving students plenty of
support in terms of task clarity and vocabulary.
He suggested that both reading and listening
texts can offer that kind of scaffolding as well as
stimulating student memories and imagination to
provide ideas for the ensuing discussion.
Teachers traditionally do well in planning leadins to texts, but are often poor at designing
follow-up activities. Speaking tasks in which
students can recycle vocabulary, grammar, and
ideas while localizing the topic of the text seem to
be the ideal solution. Fowle feels that for student
progress, it is vital to repeat the task with other
students or in a slightly different form.
Reported by Margaret Orleans
gunma: October—Electronic Dictionary vs.
Paper Dictionary: How Differences in Dictionary
Interfaces Affect English Language Learning by
Natsue Nakayama. Recently, handheld electronic
dictionaries (ED) have become popular in Japanese schools. Are they better than paper dictionaries (PD)? How effective are they?
Nakayama began by clarifying the differences between ED and PD in terms of their interfaces: display, amount of content in one dictionary, search
record, and search speed. She then examined the
differences in learners’ dictionary skills required
for the use of ED vs. PD, such as knowledge of
the alphabet, correct spelling knowledge, and
what word to look up when searching phrases.
She dealt with a literature review, which seemed
to indicate that ED were better for word search
and reading comprehension, while no difference
Kitakyushu: october—Sharing Our Stories:
1) Vocabulary Acquisition Through Storytelling by Beniko mason. Mason showed us how
she facilitates the acquisition of vocabulary by
allowing her junior college students to naturally experience the language through changing
tones and inlection accompanied by gestures
in storytelling as opposed to “list learning,” the
still widely practiced, conscious memorization of
words. Using Krashen’s notion of comprehensible
input, she told a children’s folktale, imaginatively
explaining each vocabulary item as it came up.
Distributed wordlists and research data helped
the audience see how many new words were
being learned and how effectively her students
retained the words over time. 2) A Short Story
Reading by tom Bradley. Local novelist Bradley
read from one of his short stories, a lighthearted
look at Russo-Nippon relations. 3) Dramatizing
THE LANGUAGE TEACHER 30.1 • JANUARY 2006
0
CoLUmN • CHAPTER EvENTS
a German Folk Tale by yoko matsuo. A group
of children performed their own dramatization
of a German folktale, directed by Matsuo of the
Kitakyushu-based troupe Uzume Gekijo. 4) Student Presentations by various students. Recitations and speeches were given by prize-winning
students from local junior and senior high schools
and universities.
Reported by Dave Pite
Kyoto: september—Visual Communication and
the Art of Presentation by garr reynolds. Reynolds, a highly experienced presenter, pointed out
the common pitfalls of PowerPoint presentations
and gave excellent advice. Some key points are:
keep your presentation short; get straight to the
point; and connect with the audience right away.
Do this by keeping the lights on, asking rhetorical questions, moving away from the podium,
and using eye contact. Keep PowerPoint slides as
simple as possible with a few large words or wellchosen visual illustrations. A white background
is best when you keep the lights on. Audiences
process most information aurally and visually,
not through written text. So, PowerPoint slides
should not be treated as handouts or documents.
Detailed information in written form can be
handed out after a talk; it should not be presented
to the audience during the talk. Other good rules
are: include only one concept per slide; use only
photos or good quality images (clip art can compromise your credibility as a serious presenter);
present good news in graphs as this visual form
has a stronger emotional impact; and present bad
news in tables.
Reported by Amanda Gillis-Furutaka
Nagasaki: september—Signiicant Scribbles:
From Sentence Combining to Diary Writing by
curtis Kelly and steve King. Kelly talked about
the new edition of his textbook Signiicant Scribbles, and shared activities and stories featured in
his textbook. Research has shown that teaching
sentence-combining strategies can signiicantly
improve students writing ability more than simply teaching grammar rules directly to students.
For teachers who are interested in developing
and improving English luency among students,
Signiicant Scribbles has some great ideas.
Reported by Michele Ruhl
THE LANGUAGE TEACHER 30.1 • JANUARY 2006
shinshu: september—Activities for Young
Learners of English: Listening, Thinking, and
Learning by Hideki sakai. Sakai demonstrated
several practical games and activities that could
be successfully applied in primary school English
classrooms.
When teaching young students, Sakai incorporates information from other subject areas
in order to make English more interesting and
accessible. He borrowed several concepts from
the mathematics curriculum, asking students to
apply the same concepts in English. One such
game was Let’s make 10, where the teacher holds
up some ingers and students are expected to
hold up enough ingers to make 10. For example,
if the teacher holds up 4 ingers, then the students
would be expected to hold up 6 ingers, making
10.
Sakai also explained how the English classroom
isn’t only for learning language, but is also an
ideal medium through which to increase cultural
knowledge. He explained how students could
be introduced to large numbers through such
tasks as ranking cities by their populations, then
checking their rankings against actual population
numbers.
Reported by Theron Muller
CoLUmN • JALT CONTACTs
For changes and additions, please contact the editor
<contacts@jalt-publications.org>. more extensive listings
can be found in the annual JALT Directory.
}
President—Steve Brown; <prez@jalt.org>
Vice President—Steve Nishida; <vp@jalt.org>
Director of treasury—Peter Wanner;
<treasury@jalt.org>
Director of membership—Hugh Nicoll;
<membership@jalt.org>
Director of Programs—Andrew Zitzmann;
<programs@jalt.org>
Director of Public relations—Sayoko
Yamashita; <publicity@jalt.org>
Director of records—Mary Christianson;
<records@jalt.org>
Auditor—Tadashi Ishida; <auditor@jalt.org>
}
Business manager—Kevin Ryan;
<business@jalt.org>
Central Ofice Supervisor—Junko Fujio;
<jalt@gol.com>
chapter representative liaison—Ken
Hartmann; <chaprep@jalt.org>
sig representative liaison—Willian Matheny;
<sig-liaison@jalt.org>
JAlt2006 conference chair—Tim Murphey;
<mits@dokkyo.ac.jp>
JAlt2006 Programme chair—Cynthia Keith;
kagojalt@hotmail.com
}
Publications Board chair—Amanda O'Brien;
<pubchair@jalt.org>
JALT Journal editor—Steve Cornwell;
<jj-editor@jalt-publications.org>
TLT staff—See the back of this issue
conference Proceedings editors—Malcolm
Swanson, Kim Bradford-Watts, Cecilia Ikeguchi;
<proc2005@jalt-publications.org>
}
National Oficers
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
Appointed Oficers
}
}
}
}
}
}
Publications Oficers
}
}
}
}
Chapter Contacts
}
Akita—Takeshi Suzuki; t: 018-422-1562;
<takeshis@mail.edinet.ne.jp>;
<www.edinet.ne.jp/~takeshis/jalt.htm>
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
chiba—Fiona MacGregor; t: 047-555-8827;
<ionamac@jiu.ac.jp>; <jalt.org/groups/Chiba>
east shikoku—Lawrie Hunter;
<lawrie_hunter@kochi-tech.ac.jp>;
<jalt.org/groups/East_Shikoku>
Fukui—Takako Watanabe; t/f: 0776-34-8334;
<wtakako@vesta.ocn.ne.jp>;
<jalt.org/groups/Fukui>
Fukuoka—Jack Brajcich; <jackb@jcom.home.
ne.jp>; J. Lake; <jlake@jcom.home.ne.jp>;
<www.kyushuelt.com/jalt/fukuoka.html>
gifu—Steve Quasha; t: 052-781-4734;
<quasha@yahoo.com>; <jalt.org/groups/Gifu>
gunma—Renee Sawazaki; <renee@alum.
calberkeley.org>; <www.harahara.net/JALT/>
Hamamatsu—Greg O’Dowd; <gvg75@hotmail.
com>; Dan Frost; <danshonest@yahoo.com>;
<hamamatsujalt.org>
Himeji—William Balsamo;
t: 0792-54-5711; <balsamo@kenmei.ac.jp>;
<www.geocities.com/yamataro670/HimejiJALT.htm>
Hiroshima—Caroline Lloyd;
<cajan3@yahoo.co.uk>; <hiroshimajalt.org/>
Hokkaido—Ken Hartmann; t/f: 011-584-7588;
<ofice@jalthokkaido.net>;
<www.jalthokkaido.net>
ibaraki—Martin Pauly; t: 0298-58-9523;
f: 0298-58-9529; <pauly@k.tsukuba-tech.ac.jp>;
Wade Carlton; <wade@mx.ibaraki.ac.jp>;
<www.kasei.ac.jp/JALT/>
iwate—Mary Burkitt; t/f: 019-663-3132;
<iwatejalt@hotmail.com>;
<jalt.org/groups/Iwate>
Kagoshima—Cynthia Keith; t: 099-216-8800;
f: 099-216-8801; <kagojalt@hotmail.com>;
<www.kyushuelt.com/jalt/kagoshima.html>
Kitakyushu—L. Dennis Woolbright
t: 093-583-9997 (h); tf: 093-583-5526(w);
<woolbright@seinan-jo.ac.jp>;
<www.jalt.org/chapters/kq/>
Kobe—Yukio Hirayanagi; t/f: 078-794-0401;
<yemshirayanagi@yahoo.co.jp>;
<jalt.org/groups/Kobe>
Kyoto—Neil Heffernan; <publicity@kyotojalt.
org>; <www.kyotojalt.org>
matsuyama—Richard Blight; t/f: 089-927-8341;
<rgblight@hotmail.com>;
<MatsuyamaJALT.50megs.com/>
miyazaki—Hugh Nicoll; t: 0985-20-4788;
<hnicoll@miyazaki-mu.ac.jp>; Steve Davies;
0985-85-5931; <sdavies@miyazaki-mic.ac.jp>;
<allagash.miyazaki-mu.ac.jp/MiyaJALT/>
THE LANGUAGE TEACHER 30.1 • JANUARY 2006
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
CoLUmN • JALT CoNTACTS
Nagasaki—Michele Ruhl; <michele@net.
nagasaki-u.ac.jp>; Tim Allan; <allan@kwassui.
ac.jp> or <timothy_allan@hotmail.com>;
<www.kyushuelt.com/jalt/nagasaki.html>
Nagoya—Katsumi Ito; t: 070-5642-3339;
f: 0569-34-2489; <itokatsumi@h5.dion.ne.jp>;
<jaltnagoya.homestead.com>
Nara—Ann Mayeda;
<amayeda79@yahoo.com>; t/f: 0745-46-2503;
<groups.yahoo.com/group/Nara_JALT/>
okayama—Gavin Thomas; <gavin_chiaki_
thomas@ybb.ne.jp>; t: 086-277-2995;
<jalt.org/groups/Okayama>
okinawa—Marcos Benevides; t: 090-5923-8047;
<www.okinawateacher.com>
omiya—Ted O’Neill; <ted.oneill@b5notebook.
org>; <www.jalt.org/chapters/omiya/>
osaka—Robert Sanderson; <sanderson808@
gol.com>; <www.osakajalt.org>
sendai—Thomas Warren-Price;
<tomprice6@hotmail.com>;
<www.geocities.com/jaltsendai>
shinshu—Fred Carruth; t: 0263-36-3356;
<fredcarruth@hotmail.com>; John Adamson; t:
0266 288070; <johnadamson253@hotmail.com>;
<jalt.org/groups/Shinshu>
shizuoka—Masahiko Goshi; <goshimms@ybb.
ne.jp>; <jalt.org/groups/Shizuoka>
tokyo—Stan Pederson; <spjalt@yahoo.com>;
<www.jalt.org/groups/tokyo>
toyohashi—Laura Kusaka; t: 0532-47-4111;
<kusaka@vega.aichi-u.ac.jp>;
<www.kokusai.aichi-edu.ac.jp/jalttoyohashi/
entry.html>
West tokyo—Chris Sullivan;
<jaltwesttokyo@yahoo.com>;
<www.geocities.com/jaltwesttokyo>
yamagata—Fumio Sugawara; t/f: 0238-85-2468
<chricofu@sgic.jp>;
<jalt.org/groups/Yamagata>
yokohama—Scott Bronner; t/f: 045-982-0959;
03-3238-3768 (w); <bronner@iname.com>;
<jalt.org/groups/Yokohama>
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
SIG Contacts
}
}
Bilingualism—Tim Greer; t: 078-803-7683;
<tim@kobe-u.ac.jp>; <www.bsig.org>
college and university educators—Philip
McCasland (Coordinator); t: 0463-58-1211
ext. 4587(w); 0463-69-5523(h);
<mccaslandpl@rocketmail.com>;
<allagash.miyazaki-mu.ac.jp/CUE/>
THE LANGUAGE TEACHER 30.1 • JANUARY 2006
computer-Assisted language learning—
Timothy Gutierrez (Coordinator); <sigcoordinator@jaltcall.org>; Newsletter Editorial
Team <sig-newsletter@jaltcall.org>; Peter
Ruthven-Stuart (Program Chair); t: 0138-346448; <sig-program@jaltcall.org>; <jaltcall.org>
gender Awareness in language education—
Steve Cornwell; <stevec@gol.com>;
<www.tokyoprogressive.org.uk/gale/>
global issues in language education—
Kip A. Cates; t/f: 0857-31-5650(w);
<kcates@fed.tottori-u.ac.jp>;
<www.jalt.org/global/sig/>
Japanese as a second language—Peter Sakura;
<psakura2004@yahoo.co.jp>; Hiroko Sato;
t: 0475-23-8501; <hirokosato36@ybb.ne.jp>
Junior and senior High school—William
Matheny; t: 052-624-3493; <willheny@nifty.ne.jp>
learner Development—Stacey Vye;
<stacey.vye@gmail.com>;
Marlen Harrison; <scenteur@yahoo.com>;
<coyote.miyazaki-mu.ac.jp/learnerdev/>
materials Writers—John Daly; t/f: 0283-221346; <john-d@sano-c.ac.jp>;
<uk.geocities.com/materialwritersig/>
other language educators—Rudolf Reinelt; t/
f: 089-927-6293(h); t/f: 089-927-9359(w);
<reinelt@ll.ehime-u.ac.jp>
PAle—Robert Aspinall; <aspinall@biwako.
shiga-u.ac.jp>; <www.debito.org/PALE/>
Pragmatics—Megumi Kawate-Mierzejewska;
<mierze@tuj.ac.jp>; Seiji Fukazawa; <sfukaza@
hiroshima-u.ac.jp>; Kenneth Fordyce;
<fordyce@hiroshima-u.ac.jp>;
<groups.yahoo.com/group/jaltpragsig>
teacher education—Paul Beaufait;
<pab@pu-kumamoto.ac.jp>
teaching children—Alison Miyake;
t/f: 0834-27-0078; <mbi@joy.ocn.ne.jp>;
<www.tcsigjalt.org/>
teaching older learners—Emi Itoi;
<futakuu@nifty.com>;
<www.eigosenmon.com/tolsig/>
testing and evaluation—Jeff Hubbell;
<01jhubbell@jcom.home.ne.jp>;
<www.jalt.org/test>
Forming sigs
}
Pronunciation—Susan Gould;
<gould@lc.chubu.ac.jp>
CoLUmN • JOb INFORmATION CeNTeR
…with Derek Dimatteo
<job-info@jalt-publications.org>
To list a position in The Language
Teacher, please submit online at
<jalt-publications.org/tlt/jobs/>
or email Derek Dimatteo, Job
Information Center Editor, <jobinfo@jalt-publications.org>.
online submission is preferred.
Please place your ad in the body
of the email. The notice should
be received before the 15th of
the month, 2 months before
publication, and should contain the
following information: location, name of institution, title of
position, whether full- or part-time, qualiications, duties, salary and beneits, application materials, deadline, and contact
information. be sure to refer to TLT’s policy on discrimination. Any job advertisement that discriminates on the basis of
gender, race, age, or nationality must be modiied or will not
be included in the JIC column. All advertisements may be
edited for length or content.
Job Information Center Online
Recent job listings and links to other job-related websites can
be viewed at <jalt-publications.org/tlt/jobs/>
Aichi-ken—Nagoya Institute of Technology is
accepting applications for part-time teachers for
a spring intensive course to be held March 6–10,
2006. Qualiications: MA in TESL or related ield
and experience in university or intensive teaching
preferred, but candidates with a BA and experience teaching at university or in an intensive
program will also be considered. Candidates in
the Aichi area will be given preference. Duties:
Teachers will be expected to teach three 90minute classes a day for 5 days, 15 koma in one
week. Materials for reading, writing, and conversation classes will be provided, and teachers can
expect to teach in all skill areas. salary & Beneits: Remuneration will be according to university scale. Application materials: Please send a
resume and cover letter describing your teaching
experience to Onuki Tohru, Gokiso-cho, Showaku, Nagoya-shi, 466-8555. On the envelope
please write clearly in red ink Intensive Course
Application. Deadline: Ongoing. contact: Inquiries regarding the intensive course can be sent to
Kelly Quinn <quinn@nitech.ac.jp>; <www.nitech.
ac.jp>.
chiba-ken—Nihon University is seeking 10
part-time instructors to teach oral English classes
at their College of Industrial Technology on two
campuses in the Tsudanuma area beginning April
1, 2006. Days of instruction will be scheduled depending on instructor availability and university
need. Qualiications: Applicants must be nativelevel English speakers, resident in Japan, with
an MA in TEFL or TESOL, Applied Linguistics,
Communications, English Literature, or a related
ield, with a minimum of 1 year of experience
teaching English at the university level in Japan.
Salary & Beneits: Payment is highly competitive with other Tokyo area universities. Application materials: CV with attached photo; contact
telephone and email address; academic history
from the undergraduate level; employment history; academic association membership; list of
academic degrees held, and awards received; a
complete list of academic publications, divided
into books and articles (for joint publications, list
all joint authors); copy or original of one principal
publication. Deadline: January 31, 2006. contact:
Please send application materials to: Michael
Genung, College of Industrial Technology, Nihon
University, 2-11-1 Shinei, Narashino-shi, Chibaken, 275-8576. Selected candidates will be invited
to an interview. Email submissions are welcome:
<michael@cit.nihon-u.ac.jp>.
Kagoshima-ken—Junshin Girls’ High School,
a Catholic Mission high school and junior high
school and member of the Japan Ministry of
Education Super English Language High School
(SELHi) program, is seeking an English instructor. Qualiications: Applicants should be team
players committed to furthering English education in Japan. An interest in the arts is an asset,
and a university degree is required. Duties: Duties include regular teaching and supporting and
developing new programs for the SELHi course.
Salary & Beneits: Junshin offers housing and
transportation subsidies as well as membership
in the Mutual Aid Association of Private School
Personnel. Salary is to be negotiated at the time
of hiring. Application materials: Please send applications in English and Japanese with a photograph, along with a one-page essay outlining
your views on English education. Applications
are open to all denominations. Deadline: February 15, 2006. contact: Katsuhiko Kubota, Junshin
Girls’ High School, Toso 4-22-2, Kagoshima 8908522.
THE LANGUAGE TEACHER 30.1 • JANUARY 2006
CoLUmN • Job INFoRmATIoN CENTER
Kanagawa-ken—Sagami Women’s University
is seeking a part-time instructor to teach in the
Department of English Language and Literature
starting April 1, 2006. Qualiications: Applicants
should have a bachelor’s or master’s degree, with
TESL-related qualiication preferred; experience
teaching at the high school or university level;
and native-level English proiciency. Duties: The
successful candidate will teach two 90-minute
courses during the spring semester and three 90minute courses during the fall semester. Spring
semester courses include Advanced English and
American Language & Culture, and are scheduled Thursdays, 4th and 5th periods. Fall semester courses include Poetry Writing Workshop,
Advanced English, and American Language &
Culture, and are scheduled Thursdays, 3rd, 4th,
and 5th periods. Application materials: Send
a CV with attached photo, a list of academic
publications, and copies or originals of principal
publications. If you would like these materials returned to you, include a self-addressed stamped
envelope. Deadline: January 10, 2006. contact:
Mari Nakamura, Chair, Department of English
Language and Literature, Faculty of Liberal Arts,
Sagami Women’s University, 2-1-1 Bunkyo, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 228-8533.
tokyo-to—Kanto International High School is
hiring full-time English teachers beginning April
2006. Qualiications: Native-level luency in
English required. High school experience, MA in
TESOL (or in progress), and intermediate Japanese ability preferred. Applicants must currently
reside in Japan. Duties: Solo teaching, course
planning, student assessment, faculty meetings,
and administrative duties at a Super English
Language High School in Nishi-Shinjuku, Tokyo.
This is a full-time position, Monday through
Friday, 5 days per week. Salary & Beneits:
¥300,000–350,000 monthly starting salary plus one
month bonus. Application materials: Apply by
email with a CV and cover letter. Deadline: Ongoing. contact: <kantocoordinator@yahoo.com>;
<www.kantokokusai.ac.jp>.
tokyo-to—Kanto International High School is
hiring full-time English language content course
teachers beginning April 2006. Qualiications:
Candidates with experience teaching content
courses (social studies, global issues, and science)
preferred. High school experience, MA in TESOL
(or in progress), and intermediate Japanese ability
preferred. Native-level luency in English re-
THE LANGUAGE TEACHER 30.1 • JANUARY 2006
quired. Applicants must currently reside in Japan.
Duties: Solo teaching, course planning, student
assessment, faculty meetings, and administrative
duties at Super English Language High School.
Position located in Nishi-Shinjuku, Tokyo. This
is a full-time position, Monday through Friday,
5 days per week. Salary & Beneits: ¥300,000–
350,000 monthly starting salary plus one month
bonus. Application materials: Apply by email
with a CV and cover letter. Deadline: Ongoing. contact: <kantocoordinator@yahoo.com>;
<www.kantokokusai.ac.jp>.
guam, usA—The University of Guam is seeking
Assistant or Associate Professors of English for
three tenure-track positions. Qualiications: Applicants must hold a PhD in English or a closely
related discipline from a US accredited institution
or the foreign equivalent. Two or more years of
college teaching and experience with ethnically
diverse students are desirable. ESL background
(e.g., teaching experience in a Japanese university) and PhD specialization in Literature or Composition are highly desirable. Candidates wishing
to teach creative writing should have appropriate
publications. Duties: The successful candidate
will teach, in a multicultural setting, courses
in composition, literature, creative writing, or
linguistics. The candidate will teach courses in
two or more of these areas, maintain a continuous
record of scholarly activity, and perform university and community service. Application materials: Submit a CV, complete contact information
for three references (including fax and email),
three current letters of recommendation, evidence
of excellence in teaching, unoficial copies of
undergraduate and graduate transcripts, and a
Government of Guam application form to: Chair,
English Search Committee, c/o Human Resources
Ofice, University of Guam, UOG Station, Mangilao, Guam 96923 USA. Applications may not
be delivered by email. Afirmative Action/Equal
Opportunity Employer. Deadline: Review of
applications will begin February 1, 2006 and
continue until positions are illed. contact: For
further information, please call or email: 671-7352727/2726; <englishsearch@guam.uog.edu>.
CoLUmN • CONFeReNCe CALeNDAR
…with hayo Reinders
<conferences@jalt-publications.org>
New listings are welcome. Please
submit information to the editor by
the 15th of the month at <conferences@jalt-publications.org>, at
least 3 months ahead (4 months for
overseas conferences). Thus January 15 is the deadline for an April
conference in Japan or a may conference overseas.
upcoming conferences
January 16–February 26, 2006—the electronic
Village online (part of the tesol convention).
The CALL Interest Section of Teachers of English
to Speakers of Other Languages, Inc. (TESOL)
offers language teachers worldwide the opportunity to participate in the Electronic Village Online
(EVO), a professional development project and
virtual extension of the TESOL 2006 Convention
in Tampa Bay, Florida, USA. The intended audience for this project includes both TESOL 2006
convention-goers and those who can participate
only virtually. Interest sections, caucuses, and
other member groups of TESOL in particular are
invited to sponsor sessions related to the convention. Contact: <jaltsendai2003@yahoo.com>;
<darkwing.uoregon.edu/~call/>
February 11–12, 2006—the Japan Association for
the study of cooperation in education (JAsce),
Nerima Elementary School No. 3, Tokyo, Japan.
Contact: <asce_conference2@kurume-u.ac.jp>;
<jasce.jp/>
February 16–18, 2006—the southern conference
on language teaching & the Florida Foreign
language Association: languages for today’s
World, at the Double Tree Hotel, Orlando,
Florida, USA. Contact: <lynnemcc@mindspring.
com>; <www.valdosta.edu/scolt>
February 25–26, 2006—second camtesol conference on english language teaching, Phnom
Penh, Cambodia. This is a conference for professionals in the ield of English language teaching and related issues. The conference is being
organised and will be conducted on a voluntary
basis. It is intended to become a self-sustaining
conference series based on the professional interests of participants. This conference series will be
conducted in English. The 2005 conference was a
great success with over 700 participants. Contact:
<info@camtesol.org>; <www.camtesol.org>
march 15–18, 2006—the 40th Annual tesol
convention and exhibit (tesol 2006), Tampa,
Florida, USA. More than 7,600 ESL/EFL professionals from 96 countries attended TESOL’s 39th
Annual Convention in San Antonio, Texas, in
March 2005. Attendees had the opportunity to
participate and learn by choosing from more than
900 sessions offered with over 1,674 presenters
representing some of the best in the profession.
The 2006 conference is expected to be at least
equally large. There will also be a doctoral forum.
Contact: <conventions@tesol.org>; <www.tesol.
org/tesol2006>
April 8–12, 2006—40th iAteFl Annual conference and exhibition, at the Harrogate International Centre, Harrogate, North Yorkshire, UK.
IATEFL holds its international conference and
exhibition every spring, which is attended by
around 1,500 ELT professionals from 70+ countries. It involves a 4-day programme of over 300
talks and workshops and, in addition to giving
delegates a chance to meet leading theorists and
writers and exchange ideas with fellow professionals from all sectors of ELT, it enables them to
see the latest ELT publications and services in a
large resources exhibition involving around 60
ELT-related exhibitors. The plenary speakers will
be Michael Swan, Jennifer Coates, Ryuko Kubota,
and Bena Gul Peker. Contact: <www.iatel.org/
conference.asp>
may 16–20, 2006—the computer Assisted language instruction consortium 2006 conference,
at the University of Hawai’i, USA. CALICO 2006
will again feature uses of cutting edge technologies in foreign language teaching and learning
with a focus on collaboration. Workshops, presentations, and courseware showcase demonstrations will present information of vital importance
to anyone interested in the ield of computer-assisted language learning. Contact: <info@calico.
org>; <www.calico.org>
THE LANGUAGE TEACHER 30.1 • JANUARY 2006
6
CoLUmN • CoNFERENCE CALENDAR
June 17–20, 2006—Joint AAAl and AclA/cAAl
conference, Hotel Hyatt Montréal, Canada.
Nationally and internationally, the annual AAAL
conference has a reputation as one of the most
comprehensive and exciting language conferences. At each conference new ideas are generated, disciplinary boundaries are crossed, and
research is shared about the role of language in
all aspects of cognition and social action, including language learning and teaching. The AAAL
conference is known for its in-depth symposia
and focused workshops on key issues in applied
linguistics; sessions on a wide range of research
studies, in progress or completed; its stimulating
and often provocative plenaries; and access to the
latest publications via the book exhibit. Last but
not least, the AAAL conference is the place for
networking, for established and new professionals, and for graduate students. Contact: <carolc@
iastate.edu>; <www.aaal.org>
tage language (Masako Douglas, Kazuo Tsuda),
K–12 Curriculum development (Sylvia Acierto,
Shingo Satsutani, Kimberly Jones, Ann Sherif),
and Second language acquisition (Keiko Koda,
Dan Dewey, Osamu Kamada). Contact: <www.
japaneseteaching.org/icjle>
calls for Papers and Posters
Deadline: January 15, 2006 (for June 2–4, 2006)—
the 2006 international symposium of computer
Assisted language learning, National Research
Centre for Foreign Language Education, Beijing
Foreign Studies University, China. The theme of
the conference is digital and networked foreign
language learning and teaching. Contact: <celea@
ltrp.com>
June 28–July 1, 2006—integrating content and
language in Higher education (iclHe 2006),
Maastricht University, the Netherlands. The
conference, organized by ExHEM and Maastricht
University Language Centre, will focus on higher
education that is delivered in a second or foreign
language in a country where the language is not
widely used in the local environment. While this
often concerns higher education in English in a
non-English speaking country, it is not always the
case; other languages are also used. The conference aims to address issues that affect institutions
in many countries worldwide. Keynote speakers
include David Crystal (University of Wales at
Bangor), Jeroen van Merriënboer (Educational
Technology Expertise Centre, Open Universiteit) and Scott C. Ratzan (Johnson & Johnson Inc,
Brussels). Contact: <www.unimaas.nl/iclhe>
Deadline: January 15, 2006 (for July 4–6, 2006)—
The Fifth Paciic Second Language Research Forum (PacslrF 2006), University of Queensland,
Brisbane, Australia. The Paciic Second Language
Research Forum is a venue for databased and
theoretical papers on areas of basic research in
Second Language Acquisition (SLA). Topics
include, but are not limited to SLA in instructed
and naturalistic settings, the effects of second language (L2) instruction on the rate and route of L2
development, the role of learner differences (e.g.,
aptitude, age, personality, motivation) in SLA,
competing models of SLA processes, SLA theory
construction, the acquisition of L2 pragmatics,
bilingualism, the inluence of cognitive variables
(e.g., memory and attention) on L2 learning and
use, the assessment of L2 use and development,
and methodological issues in L2 acquisition research. Contact: <m.haugh@gu.edu.au>; <www.
emsah.uq.edu.au/pacslrf2006/>
August 5–6, 2006—international conference on
Japanese language education (icJle). Japanese
education: entering a New Age, Columbia University, New York City, USA. Keynote speakers
include Merrill Swain (University of Toronto; specialist in second language acquisition), and Susan
Napier (University of Texas at Austin; specialist
in Japanese literature, culture, and anime studies and theory). The invited plenary speaker is
Yasu-Hiko Tohsaku (UC-San Diego) on Japanese
language proiciency and assessment. Invited
panel topics and organizers include: Articulation
(Carl Falsgraf, Hiroko Kataoka), Japanese (Haruo
Shirane), Classroom instruction ideas (Patricia
Thornton, Ryuko Kubota), Japanese as a heri-
Deadline: January 31, 2006 (for march 19,
2006)—the second Annual mini colloquium:
local research by local researchers, Seisen
Women’s College, Nagano. The Shinshu ELT
Research Group, in afiliation with Shinshu JALT,
would like to solicit proposals for our second
annual mini-conference. Our objective is to provide a friendly atmosphere in which beginning
presenters can share research or conduct a forum,
and receive feedback that might not be available
at the national level. Experienced presenters are
also welcome. For more information and updates,
please see <www.eltresearch.com> or contact
<2006miniconference@eltresearch.com>
THE LANGUAGE TEACHER 30.1 • JANUARY 2006
CoLUmN • CoNFERENCE CALENDAR
Deadline: February 10, 2006 (for may 13–14,
2006)—the Fifth Annual JAlt Pan-sig conference (2006). Authentic communication: Process
and Purpose, Tokai University, Shimizu Campus,
Miho-Shimizu, Shizuoka, Japan. The past 10 years
have been full of discussion about active communication. This conference wishes to build on ideas
regarding what makes real communication effective and how we can teach this to our students. It
aims to address issues of teacher education, testing, second language acquisition, practical issues,
and pragmatics. There are still a few openings for
presentation proposals. This conference is sponsored by the JALT Bilingual, Pragmatics, Testing
and Evaluation, and Teacher Education SIGs as
well as Shizuoka Chapter. Contact: <pansig2006@
jalt.org>; <www.bsig.org/pansig2006.html>
Deadline: February 24, 2006 (for september
29–october 2, 2006)—clesol 2006, origins
and connections, Pettigrew-Green Arena and
the Eastern Institute of Technology, Napier, New
Zealand. The conference committee invites submissions of abstracts for presentations at CLESOL
2006. The theme of the conference is Origins
and Connections: Linking Theory, Research, and
Practice. This theme should guide the preparation
of submissions. There is a wide variety of work
currently being undertaken in language teach-
i
y
m
J A P A N
otivat
JALT
2006
KITAKYUSHU
ion
unity
ing and learning and this range will be relected
during the conference. Particularly of interest
is research that is being, or could be, applied in
practice. Contact: <clesol@paardekooper.co.nz>;
<www.clesol.org.nz>
Deadline: February 28, 2006 (for July 28–30,
2006)—The 11th Pan-Paciic Association of Applied linguistics (PAAl), Kangwon National
University, Chuncheon, Korea. The PAAL conference is a forum for academic exchange among
scholars and practitioners in applied linguistics
and related areas. The conference provides a
venue for the dissemination of current research
on a wide variety of issues concerning Asia and
beyond. Areas of interest include: language acquisition (FLA and SLA), EFL and ESL, material
development, language and culture, pedagogy
(language and literature), theoretical linguistics,
CALL, psycholinguistics and neurolinguistics,
language testing, sociolinguistics, language policy
and planning, and text analysis. Invited speakers
are Susan Gass (Michigan State University, USA)
and William O’Grady (University of Hawai’i at
Manoa, USA). Papers will be given 20 minutes
for presentation and 10 minutes for discussion
and questions. Posters will have 2-hour blocks
designated for display and discussion. Contact:
<paalkorea@yahoo.co.kr>; <www.paal.or.kr/>
Call for Presentations
ntit
e
d
m
7
32nd Annual International Conference
on Language Teaching and Learning &
Educational Materials Expo
JALT2006: Community,
Identity, Motivation
November 2–5, 2006
Kitakyushu International Conference Centre,
Kokura, Kitakyushu, Japan
Deadline for submissions: April 28th, 2006
For information on submitting:
<conferences.jalt.org/2006/>
THE LANGUAGE TEACHER 30.1 • JANUARY 2006
co m
8
HUmoR • oLD GRAmmARIANS
Old Grammarians�...
...by Scott Gardner <old-grammarians@jalt-publications.org>
What are the Sounds of One Hand Clapping?
a fascinating science.
(Note: Some of you
may have stopped short
after reading the words
“acoustics is.” Perhaps
something just didn’t
sound right to you. Is it is
or is it are? Well, you’re all
professionals and you’ve
probably got your documented evidence one way or the other. I’m not
going to pronounce any rules on the matter
here—that’s a role better left to other columns
in this journal that don’t have the word “grammarian” prominently iguring into their titles.)
Acoustics are nifty. (That’s a little less pompous and academic, at least.) The way in which
sounds are shaped, together and apart, is the
basis for much of what we consider beautiful in
the world. We form words and create meaningful language by adjusting the acoustics of our
mouths as air passes through them. We vibrate
air, strings, or membranes over wooden or
metal chambers to make music. We tap-dance.
We release gaseous belches from the depths of
our gullets to applaud a delicious meal. (I had a
friend in junior high school who could recite the
entire English alphabet while burping, which
was singularly amazing since he never quite
managed to learn the whole alphabet in his
normal voice.)
My mother was a piano teacher for many
years, and her inluence has led me to a great
appreciation of ine music. I particularly like
the Sex Pistols. Although I don’t really play
the piano, I have dabbled with it a bit. My irst
musical composition was on the piano when
I was probably 6 or 7 years old. It consisted of
pounding my left knuckle on two convenient
black keys and then drawing my hand toward
me until it fell upon the three white keys underneath. (I favor my left hand, but for most of you
the right hand, or perhaps the forehead, might
A
coustics is
THE LANGUAGE TEACHER 30.1 • JANUARY 2006
be more comfortable.) As I grew and matured
I learned to play more complex pieces; for
example, I eventually could hit three adjacent
black keys at once and slide down to hit the four
white ones below.
It was of course a modest musical creation.
As I sat at the piano playing it again and again,
Mother would often plead with me to leave
that song alone and try composing something
else. Bless her heart—it was that kind of gentle
nudging that shepherded me to a life in pursuit
of beauty and creativity.
Those unique knuckle chords, or “cluster
bombs” as the iconoclastic American composer
Henry Cowell called them, introduced to me
the complex relationships among different tones
occurring at the same time. If you too wish to
build a healthy appreciation for sound, I suggest the following exercise: Close your eyes
for a moment and imagine the lilt of two lutes
weaving notes in the air, sometimes playing in
vastly different, opposing registers, other times
shadowing and chasing each other in perfect
harmony. Next, imagine an angry neighbor
yelling at you from his veranda about your
crate of empty wine bottles that has begun to
list over on top of his potted bonsai, and then
complement that imaginary ruckus by slowly
cranking up a very real Jimi Hendrix guitar solo
in your headphones until your eyes start throbbing in stereo. Maintain volume for an hour or
so, or if you prefer supplement it by switching
on a nearby table saw or sandblaster. Rest and
repeat.
Sonic exercises such as this can often put the
practitioner into one of three states: psychosis,
stark deafness, or aural enlightenment. Unfortunately popular culture tends to focus primarily on those—such as rock musicians—who
reach only the irst two states. Whatever your
outcome, it should be plain to see that there
are (and/or is) an ininite number of appealing
possibilities in the commingling, confusion, and
collision of sounds.
THE LANGUAGE TEACHER • sTAFF
Editorial Staff
JALT Focus Editors
} JALT Publications Board Chair
} JALT Focus Editor
Amanda O'Brien
pubchair@jalt-publications.org
t: 0774-65-8601
} Editors
Kim Bradford-Watts
tlt-editor@jalt-publications.org
t: 075-752-4596
Jacqui Norris-Holt
tlt-editor@jalt-publications.org
t: 052-702-5536 (h); 052-872-5815 (w)
} Associate Editor
Ted O’Neill
tlt-editor2@jalt-publications.org
} Japanese-Language Editor
高垣俊之 (Toshiyuki Takagaki)
tlt-editorj@jalt-publications.org
} Japanese-Language Assoc. Editor
稲森美穂子 (Mihoko Inamori)
tlt-editorj2@jalt-publications.org
t/f: 042-774-7414
} Assistant Editor
Paul Lewis
tlt-assist@jalt-publications.org
t/f: 052-709-1307 (h)
} TLT Online Editor
Mary Christianson
jalt-news@jalt-publications.org
} Member's Proile & Showcase
Theron Muller
memproile@jalt-publications.org
} Grassroots
Joyce Cunningham
Mariko Miyao
grassroots@jalt-publications.org
t: 029-228-8455
f: 029-228-8199
} Outreach
David McMurray
outreach@jalt-publications.org
Regular Column
Editors
} SIG News
Mary Hughes
sig-news@jalt-publications.org
} Chapter Events
} Contributing Editors
Robert Long
Amanda O’Brien
Scott Gardner
Koshinsha Co., Ltd., Osaka
} JALT News Liaison
} Chapter Reports
chap-events@jalt-publications.org
Heather Sparrow
chap-reports@jalt-publications.org
} Job Information Center
Derek Di Matteo
Resources Editors
} My Share
Lorraine Sorrell
my-share@jalt-publications.org
} Book Reviews
Robert Taferner
reviews@jalt-publications.org
} Publishers’ Review Copies Liaison
Scott Gardner
pub-review@jalt-publications.org
Okayama University, Faculty of Education,
3-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Okayama 700-8530
t: 086-251-7686 (w)
} TLT Wired
Malcolm Swanson & Paul Daniels
tlt-wired@jalt-publications.org
} Forum Digest
Donna Tatsuki
forum@jalt-publications.org
job-info@jalt-publications.org
} Conference Calendar
Hayo Reinders
conferences@jalt-publications.org
} Old Grammarians
Scott Gardner
old-grammarians@jalt-publications.org
Production
} Additional Readers
Lyle Allison, Wade Carlton, David
Dycus, Heidi Evans-Nachi, Timothy
Gutierrez, Kent Hill, James Hobbs, David
Hufford, Yoko Ichiyama, Aleda Krause,
Wilma Luth, Steve McGuire, Theron
Muller, Andrew Obermeier, Andrea
Simon-Maeda, Eric Skier, Donna Tatsuki,
Peer Support Group
Torkil Christensen
Paul Lewis (see Assistant Editor)
} Proofreaders
James Hobbs, David Ockert, Sean
McAuley, Shari Young, Ben Shearon,
David Stephan, Theron Muller,
Sandi Duverneuil, Junko Izawa,
Jerry Talandis, Greg Rouault, Derek
Di Matteo, Joseph Sheehan, Hiroko
Lewis, Alan Stoke
(Japanese abstracts)
阿部恵美佳 (Emika Abe)
伊藤勝己 (Katsumi Ito)
} Editorial Advisory Board
Michael Carroll (Momoyama Gakuin
University); Torkil Christensen
(Hokusei University Junior College);
Steve Cornwell (Osaka Jogakuin
College); Paul Dessoir (Temple
University); Michael Furmanovsky
(Ryukoku University); Scott Gardner
(Okayama University); Chiaki
Iwai (Hiroshima City University);
Masataka Kizuka (Hokkaido
University of Education); Masaki
Kobayashi (Rikkyo University);
Robert Long (Kyushu Institute
of Technology); Laura MacGregor
(Gakushuin University); Daniel J.
McIntyre (Creative Communications);
Chieko Miyanaga (Osaka Prefecture
University); Bern Mulvey (Fukui
National University); Tim Murphey
(Dokkyo University); Yoko Nakano
(University of Kochi); Jonathan D.
Picken (Tsuda College); Stephen M.
Ryan (Eichi (Sapientia); University);
Lorraine Sorrell (Macquarie
University); Sachiko Takahashi
(Okayama Notre Dame Seishin
Women’s University); Christopher
Weaver (Tokyo University of
Agriculture & Technology);
} Coordinator
} Proofreading Team Leader
} 和文要旨作成協力者
Pukeko Graphics
} Printing
jalt-focus@jalt-publications.org
Aleda Krause
webadmin@jalt-publications.org
} Design & Layout
graphics@pukeko.ws; www.pukeko.ws
Joseph Sheehan
Malcolm Swanson
9
peergroup@jalt-publications.org
} Members
Paul Beaufait, Torkil Christensen, Mark
Hamilton, Katsumi Ito, Wilma Luth,
Steve McGuire, Theron Muller, Malcolm
Swanson
JALT Central Ofice
Urban Edge Bldg. 5F, 1-37-9 Taito, Taito-ku,
Tokyo 110-0016
Tel: 03-3837-1630 – Fax: 03-3837-1631
jalt@gol.com
THE LANGUAGE TEACHER 30.1 • JANUARY 2006
60
JALT • membeRshIP INFORmATION
the Japan Association for language
teaching (JAlt)
• a professional organization formed in 1976
-1976年に設立された学術学会
• working to improve language learning and
teaching, particulary in a Japanese context
-語学の学習と教育の向上を図ることを目的とし
ています
• over 3000 members in Japan and overseas
-国内外で約３０００名の会員がいます
Annual international conference 年次国際大会
• 1500 to 2000 participants
-毎年1500名から2000名が参加します
• hundreds of workshops and presentations
-多数のワークショップや発表があります
• publishers’ exhibition
-出版社による教材展があります
• Job Information Centre
-就職情報センターが設けられます
JALT publications include:
• The Language Teacher—our monthly publication —を毎月発行します
• JALT Journal—bi-annual research journal
— を年2回発行します
• Annual Conference Proceedings
年次国際大会の研究発表記録集を発行します
• SIG and chapter newsletters, anthologies,
and conference proceedings
分野別研究部会や支部も会報、アンソロジー、研
究会発表記録集を発行します
Meetings and conferences sponsored by local
chapters and special interest groups (SIGs),
are held throughout Japan. Presentation and
research areas include:
• Bilingualism
• CALL
• College and university education
• Cooperative learning
• Gender awareness in language education
• Global issues in language education
• Japanese as a second language
• Learner autonomy
• Pragmatics, Pronunciation, Second language
acquisition
• Teaching children
• Teaching older learners
THE LANGUAGE TEACHER 30.1 • JANUARY 2006
• Testing and evaluation
• Materials development, etc.
支部及び分野別研究部会による例会や研究会は日本
各地で開催され、以下の分野での発表や研究報告が
行われます。バイリンガリズム、CALL、大学外国
語教育、共同学習？、ジェンダーと語学学習、グロ
ーバル問題、日本語教育、自主的学習？、語用論・
発音・第二言語習得、児童語学教育、中高年語学教
育、試験と評価、教材開発。
JALT cooperates with domestic and international partners, including [JALTは以下の国内外の
学会と提携しています]:
• IATEFL—International Association of Teachers of English as a Foreign Language
• JACET—the Japan Association for Teachers
of English
• PAC—the Pan Asian Conference members
• TESOL—Teaching of English to Speakers of
Other Languages
membership categories 会員と会費
All members receive annual subscriptions to
The Language Teacher and JALT Journal, and
member discounts for meetings and conferences. 会員はThe Language TeacherやJALT Journal等
の出版物を購読出来、又例会や大会にも割引価格で
参加出来ます。
• Regular 一般会員: ¥10,000
• Student rate (undergraduate/graduate in
Japan) 学生会員（日本にある大学、大学院の学
生）: ¥6,000
• Joint—for two persons sharing a mailing
address, one set of publications ジョイント
会員（同じ住所で登録する個人2名を対象とし、
JALT出版物は2名に１部）: ¥17,000
• Group (5 or more) ¥6,500/person—one set of
publications for each ive members 団体会員
（５名以上を対象とし、JALT出版物は5名につき
１部）：1名6500円
For more information please consult our web
site <jalt.org>, ask an oficer at any JALT event,
or contact JALT Central Ofice.
JAlt central office
Urban Edge Building, 5th Floor, 1-37-9 Taito,
Taito- ku, Tokyo 110-0016 Tel: 03-3837-1630;
fax: 03-3837-1631; jalt@gol.com
THE LANGUAGE TEACHER • sUbmIssIONs
The editors welcome submissions of materials concerned with all aspects of language education, particularly with
relevance to Japan. If accepted, the editors reserve the right to edit all copy for length, style, and clarity, without
prior notiication to authors. Materials in English should be sent in Rich Text Format by either email (preferred) or
post. Postal submissions must include a clearly labeled loppy disk or CD-ROM and one printed copy. Manuscripts
should follow the American Psychological Association (APA) style as it appears in The Language Teacher. Please
submit materials to the contact editor indicated for each column. Deadlines are indicated below.
日本国内での語学教育に関わる投稿をお待ちしています。できるだけ電子メールにリッチ・テキスト・フォーマットの添付ファイルでお送
り下さい。郵送の場合には、フロッピーディスクかCD-ROMにラベルを張り、プリントアウトしたものと一緒にお送り下さい。書式はアメリカ
心理学協会(APA)スタイルに基づき、スタッフリストページにある各コラムの編集者まで締め切りに留意して、提出してください。提出され
たものにつきましては編集者に一任していただくことになります。
6
書評：本や教材の書評です。書評編集者<pub-review@ja ltpublications.org>に問い合わせ、最近出版されたリストからお選びい
ただくか、もしwebサイトなどのリストにない場合には書評編集者と
連絡をとってください。複数の関連するタイトルを扱うものを特に歓
迎します。書評は、本の内容紹介、教室活動や教材としての使用法に
触れ、書評編集者まで電子メールの添付ファイルでお送り下さい。
SIG News. JALT’s Special Interest Groups may use this
column to report on news or events happening within
their group. This might include mini-conferences, presentations, publications, calls for papers or presenters,
or general SIG information. Deadline: 15th of month, 2
months prior to publication. Send as an email attachment to the SIG News editor.
Feature Articles
Departments
English Features. Submissions should be well-written,
well-documented, and researched articles. Analysis
and data can be quantitative or qualitative (or both).
Manuscripts are typically screened and evaluated
anonymously by members of The Language Teacher Editorial Advisory Board. They are evaluated for degree
of scholarly research, relevance, originality of conclusions, etc. Submissions should:
• be up to 3,000 words (not including appendices)
• have pages numbered, paragraphs separated by
double carriage returns (not tabbed), and subheadings (boldfaced or italic) used throughout
for the convenience of readers
• have the article’s title, the author’s name, afiliation, contact details, and word count at the top
of the irst page
• be accompanied by an English abstract of up to
150 words (translated into Japanese, if possible,
and submitted as a separate ile)
• be accompanied by a 100-word biographical
background
• include a list of up to 8 keywords for indexing
• have tables, igures, appendices, etc. attached as
separate iles.
Send as an email attachment to the co-editors.
My Share. Submissions should be original teaching
techniques or a lesson plan you have used. Readers
should be able to replicate your technique or lesson
plan. Submissions should:
• be up to 1,000 words
• have the article title, the author name, afiliation,
email address, and word count at the top of the
irst page
• include a Quick Guide to the lesson plan or
teaching technique
• follow My Share formatting
• have tables, igures, appendices, etc. attached as
separate iles
• include copyright warnings, if appropriate.
Send as an email attachment to the My Share editor.
• include English and Japanese abstracts, as per
Features above
• include a list of up to 8 keywords for indexing
• include a short bio and a Japanese title.
Send as an email attachment to the co-editors.
Notices can be accessed at <www.jalt-publications.
org/tlt/focus/>. Calls for papers or research projects Job Information Center. TLT encourages all prospective
will be accepted; however, announcements of confer- employers to use this free service to locate the most qualiences, colloquia, or seminars should be submitted to ied language teachers in Japan. The notice should:
• contain the following information:
the Conference Calendar. Submissions:
City and prefecture, Name of institution, Title of
• should be no more than 150 words
position, Whether full- or part-time, Qualiica• should be submitted in as far in advance as is
tions, Duties, Salary & beneits, Application
possible
materials, Deadline, Contact information
• will be removed from the website when the an•
not
be positions wanted. (It is JALT policy that
nouncement becomes outdated.
they will not be printed)
Submissions can be sent through the JALT Notices on• Deadline: 15th of month, 2 months prior to publine submissions form.
lication.
掲示板：日本での論文募集や研究計画は、オンライン<www.jaltSend as an email attachment to the JIC editor.
publications.org/tlt/focus/>で見ることができます。できるだけ前もっ
SIGニュース：SIGはニュースやイベントの報告にこのカラムを使用
できます。会議、プレゼンテーション、出版物、論文募集、連絡代
表者などの情報を記入下さい。締め切りは出版の2か月前の15日ま
でに、SIG委員長に電子メールの添付ファイルで送ってください。
Chapter Reports. The column is a forum for sharing presentation synopses held at JALT Chapters around Japan.
Submissions must therefore relect the nature of the column and be written clearly and concisely. Submissions
should:
• be interesting and not contain extraneous information
• be in well-written, concise, informative prose
• be made by email only. Faxed and/or postal
submissions are not acceptable
• be approximately 300 words in order to explore
the content in suficient detail
• be structured as follows: Chapter name; Event
date; Event title; Name of presenter(s); Synopsis;
Reporter’s name.
Send as an email attachment to the Chapter Reports editor.
マイシェア：学習活動に関する実践的なアイデアについて、テク
ニックや教案を読者が再利用できるように紹介するものです。
1,600字以内で最初のページにタイトル、著者名、所属、電子メール
アドレスと文字数をお書き下さい。表、図、付録なども含めること
ができますが、著作権にはお気をつけ下さい。My Share 担当編集
支部会報告：JALT地域支部会の研究会報告です。有益な情報をご
者に電子メールの添付ファイルでお送り下さい。
提供下さい。600文字程度で簡潔にお書き下さい。支部名、日時、イ
JALT Focus. Submissions should be directly related to re- ベント名、発表者名、要旨、報告者名を、この順序でお書き下さい。
cent or upcoming developments within JALT, preferably 支部会報告編集者まで電子メールの添付ファイルでお送り下さい。
on an organization-wide scale. Submissions should:
ファックスや郵便は受理いたしませんので、ご注意下さい。
• be no more than 750 words
Chapter Events. Chapters are invited to submit up日本語論文：実証性のある研究論文を求めます。質的か、計量的か
• be relevant to the JALT membership as whole
coming events. Submissions should follow the precise
（あるいは両方)で追究された分析やデータを求めます。原稿は、匿
format used in every issue of TLT (topic, speaker, date,
• encourage readers to participate more actively
名のTLTの査読委員により、研究水準、関連性、結論などの独創性
time, place, fee, and other information in order, folin
JALT
on
both
a
micro
and
macro
level
で評価されます。8,000語(資料は除く）以内で、ページ番号を入れ、
th
1
• Deadline: 15 of the month, 1 /2 months prior to lowed by a 60-word description of the event).
段落ごとに２行あけ、副見出し(太文字かイタリック体)を付けて下さ
Meetings scheduled for early in the month should be
publication.
い。最初のページの一番上に題名、著者名、所属、連絡先および語
彙数をお書き下さい。英文、和文で400語の要旨、300語の著者略歴 Send as an email attachment to the JALT Focus editor. published in the previous month’s issue. Maps of new
もご提出下さい。表、図、付録も可能です。共同編集者まで電子メー JALTフォーカス：JALT内の進展を会員の皆様にお伝えするもの locations can be printed upon consultation with the
column editor. Deadline: 15th of the month, 2 months
ルの添付ファイルでお送り下さい。
です。どのJALT会員にもふさわしい内容で、JALTに、より活動的
Readers’ Forum articles are thoughtful essays on top- に参加するように働きかけるものです。1,600字程度で、毎月15日 prior to publication. Send as an email attachment to the
ics related to language teaching and learning in Japan. までにお送り下さい。掲載は１月半後になります。JALTフォーカス Chapter Events editor.
支部イベント：近づいている支部のイベントの案内情報です。トピ
編集者まで電子メールの添付ファイルでお送り下さい。
Submissions should:
ック、発表者、日時、時間、場所、料金をこの順序で掲載いたしま
• be of relevance to language teachers in Japan
JALT Notices. Submissions should be of general rele- す。締め切りは、毎月15日で、2ヵ月前までに、支部イベント編集者
vance to language learners and teachers in Japan. JALT に電子メールの添付ファイルでお送り下さい。
• contain up to 2,500 words
読者フォーラム：日本での言語教育、及び言語学習に関する思慮
的なエッセイを募集しています。日本での語学教師に関連してい
て、6,000字以内で、英文・和文の要旨、短い略歴および日本語のタ
イトルを添えて下さい。共同編集者まで電子メールの添付ファイル
でお送り下さい。
Interviews. If you are interested in interviewing a wellknown professional in the ield of language teaching
in and around Japan, please consult the editors irst.
Lengths range from 1,500-2,500 words. Send as an
て掲載いたしますが、終了次第、消去いたします。掲示板オンライン 求人欄：語学教育の求人募集を無料でサービス提供します。県と
email attachment to the co-editor.
都市名、機関名、職名、専任か非常勤かの区別、資格、仕事内容、
・サブミッション形式に従い、400字以内で投稿して下さい。なお、
インタビュー：日本国内外で言語教育の分野での「有名な」専門家 会議、セミナーは Conference Calendar で扱います。
にインタビューしたい場合は、編集者に最初に意見をお尋ね下さ
い。3,600語から6,000語の長さです。共同編集者まで電子メールの Book Reviews. We invite reviews of books and other
educational materials. Contact the Publishers’ Review
添付ファイルでお送り下さい。
Copies Liaison <pub-review@jalt-publications.org> for
material listed in the Recently Received column, and
the Book Reviews editor if you wish to review unlisted
material, including websites or other online resources.
Review articles treating several related titles are particu学会報告：語学教師に関心のあるトピックの大会に出席された場 larly welcome. Submissions should:
合は、4000語程度に要約して、報告書を書いてください。共同編集
• show a thorough understanding of the material
者まで電子メールの添付ファイルでお送り下さい。
reviewed
• relect actual classroom usage in the case of
classroom materials
• be thoroughly checked and proofread before
submission.
Send as an email attachment to the Book Reviews editor.
Conference Reports. If you have attended a conference
on a topic of interest to language teachers in Asia, write
a 1,500-word report summarizing the main events.
Send as an email attachment to the co-editor.
給料、締め切りや連絡先を発行２ヶ月前の15日までにお知らせ下
さい。特別の書式はありません。JIC担当編集者に電子メールの添
付ファイルでお送り下さい。
Conference Calendar. Announcements of conferences
and their calls for papers as well as for colloquia, symposiums, and seminars may be posted in this column.
The announcement should:
• be up to 150 words.
• Deadline: 15th of month, at least 3 months prior
to the conference date for conferences in Japan
and 4 months prior for overseas conferences.
Send as an email attachment to the Conference Calendar editor.
催し：コロキウム、シンポジウム、セミナー、会議のお知らせと、論
文募集の案内です。Conference Calendar編集者に400語程度で電
子メールの添付ファイルでお送り下さい。締め切りは毎月15日で、
日本、および海外の会議で３ヶ月前までの情報を掲載します。
THE LANGUAGE TEACHER 30.1 • JANUARY 2006
Marlen Harrison