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ty3, lto :ale all ;tra nece; he nd Genova (Genoa) Population: 6tO,3O7 (2003) Genova (Genoa), capital city of Liguria, is situated c:ast of the Ligurian Sea in ttre nortfrwesi :h: O Italy. The fifth most populous city of the ..r"iry., 1 was one of the first harbors to be established in th Mediterranean Sea (this occurred during the Middh Ages), and has buiÌt on its ancient roÌe in trading ad sea transportation. At the end of the nlnetànth /as rhousands of penniless immigrants begil :,."*:y, their 'hope iourneys, from the port of ò.r.ou to"ttr Americas aboard big liners built by local industries such as Ansaldo. Around the turn oi the _1t1.rlr1,,encouraged by the 500th anniversary of Columhrs- tri ne :al :a1 'discovery of America, (Christopher Cotr-Ur, tl Genoa) and by the city,s designation,.a as 1"11 Cultural City of Europe in 2OO4, i..,ou a"lrr.top.A * a new tourist attraction around sea culture, cofiurìu_ nication and the restoration of its historical cent€r- 7e IC rd te l- .e u ,. ;, the largest in Europe. Its as a city_port _ much like Liverpool _ -nature Napoli (Naples) or Marseilte _ has brought Jàr. . long tradition of cultural exchange with"the rest cl the. world. But this same feature has mitigateC against the formation of enduring cultural i.rlut* tions. One exception is premio paganini, * ]:l::r.r:,.nal prize awarded the annrtl lo a young ctassici . H:I:,:,::,'.'§l,liì"-l:iT:l ;1"1?#,: H Vlrtuoso. . 6 O.^:Or. of the port city of Genoa have often betr ., the first to hear fashionable imported ,or.rjr, fro* swing and trad, iazz in the 1940s, to nrazilian musx in the 1960s, and MiddÌe Eastern i"*ru_.rri, l.r,H 1990s. Yet no artist from Genoa has ever achier_ed great success in their home city, even after achies_ ing nationai or international fame. This was tlrc cal5 for the scuola genovese (Genoese school). : collective of young singer_songwriters who **.O the direction of canzone in the early 1960s. Gir Pa^oli, Umberto Bindi (the writer of covered by ,i _io _o.rOo, CiIa Btack in t964 as,yorlr" !::ul), -ir, World,' which reached number one in ;"- i; charts), Luigi Tenco, Bruno Lauzl and Fabrizio de Ald^ré (one of the top cuit artists since the lare 1960s) were all in their 20s when ttey ,tu.teA1. Italy: Genova (Genoa) ::iord their melancholy, existentialist l;r]' songs, haif- between the genres of chanson and, jazz, :edieval ballads and the rhlthmic characteristics :: the songs of the Platters. Like many other during the same period, the artists of -:-t scuola genovese broke the elementary rules of ::ainstream song: making personal statements ::stead of engaging in rhetoric; making realistic :.:erences to daiÌy life instead of engaging in ::=:eotypes; and having untrained voices instead _--_:lovators -: trained, bel canto voices. Their fatalistic attitude - ;rhich is one of the typical features (mugugno) of :::t Genoese people - together with a strong ::iination to irony, contributed to these artists, :-.cess, and are qualities that have remained =-^:dent in artists of the generations that have : -iorved, from Ivano Fossati to paolo Conte (born --=- \sti, but most often associated with the scuola I:-:,!1'e5€). ipart from these and other names that Baldazzi, Gianfranco. 7991. ,La scuola di Genova, [The Genoese Schoot]. ln Dizionario della canzone italiana [Dictionary of Italian Song], ed. Gino Castaldo. Rome: Curcio, 1765-67. Borgna, Gianni and Simone, Dessi. 1977. C,era una volta una gatta: I cantautori degli anni ,60 [C,era una volta una gatta: Singer?songwriters of the '60s1. Roma: Savelli. Garibaldi, Luca. 1999. Ma se ghe penso . . . parlsno i protagonisti della canzone genovese lMa se ghe penso ... Talking with the protagonists of Genoese songl. Cenoa: De Ferrari. In Attraversare Genova: Percorsi e linguaggi del contemporaneo, Prato, Paolo. 2004. 'La musica., Anni '60170 [Crossing Genoa: paths and guages Lan_ of Contemporary Arts, the ,60s and ,ZOs], ed. Sandra Solimano. Milano: Skira. have :E.,lme famous (Ricchi and Poveri, New Trolls, '.lzia Bazar - in the 1980s the latter built a strong :::.ltation in Japan), Genoa has been home to ::-.lnv session musicians who have played and : - :red with pop stars. Genoa is a city fult of small venues, which :-;ularly host talented performers and covers :;::ds. The LouisiarraJazz Ctub is one of the oldest :-iz lenues in Italy; an affiliated Museo del Jazz .2, Museum) opened in 2000. North American - -,untry music is very popular in the city and Beppe - Bibliography ,;mbetta, one of the most acclaimed flatpicking in the world, has played in bars in .-:tarists : - -,rntown GenOa. Traditional Ligurian music has always been of to ethnomusicologists, who have docu_ _--,:erest :-=nted the rich repertoire of trallallero, a complex a -.:pella four-part singing form performed exclu,,'.rh' by men (one of the roles is called chitarra rÈ:ause it imitates the guitar arpeggio accompani:.nt). After years of neglect, vernacular song t:ich in the 1920s became popular with tenor .l:rio Cappello, the writer of 'Ma se ghe penso, - r25), the signature-song of Genoa - enjoyed a :=-.'rval in the 1990s through rap bands such as -:lsasciou and Blindosbarra, which perfbrmed half : italian, half in the Genoese dialect. The cultural ::r has gone even further with Trancedental, a ::oup with an ever-changing lineup led by pivio i:d Aldo De Scalzi, who are among the most ::olific film composers in Italy. Their Hamanr i:undtrack, a blend of many Mediterranean influ.:ces, won the Turkish Oscar in 1998. Discographical References Black, Cilla. 'You're My Worid., ODEON SOE 3758. 1964: UK. Cappello, Mario. 'Ma se ghe penso., Mario Cappeilo. Lo chdnsonnier dei due mondi. De Vega DL 1033. 2002: Italy. Bindi, Umberto. 'll mio mondo., Cantautori. La prima generazione. Curcio DCI 11. 1990:Italy. Discography Blindosbarra. La memoria. BMG Ricordi. 1995:Italy. Conte, Paolo. The Best of paolo Confe. CGD East West 0630-16861-214. 1999: Itaty. De André, Fabrizio. Peccati cli gioveirfri. Universal 542 927-2. 2000: Italy. Fossati, Ivano. Canzoni a raccolta. Sony Music COL 489836 2.1998:Italy. Gambetta, Beppe. Dialogs. Alcazar 72J. 1988:ltaly. Genoya canta (compiled by paolo prato). Fabbrì CIO16. 1995: Italy. La scuola genovese (compiled by Paolo prato). Curcio DCI-S. 1990: Italy. of the series Tribù italiche). EDT WM018. 2001: ltaly. Paoli, Gino. Gino Paoli. BMG Ricordi. 1989: Italy. Liguria (part Sentieri, Joe. Rino '/oe' Sentieri canta Genova. DeVega. 1996: Italy. Sensasciou. Generazione con la X. BMG Ricordi. 1997: Italy. Tenco, Luigi. Luigi Tenco. BMG Ricordi ATBCD 32722. 1995: ltaly. Trancedental. Hamam - Il bagno trirco. Compagnia Nuove Indie. 1998: Italy. 241 6. Western Europe Filmography Hamam, dir Ferzan Ozpetek. 1998. Italy. 94 mins. Romantic drama. Original music by Pivio and Aldo De Scalzi. PAOLO PMTO