(PDF) The Greek Fragments of the Works of Māšāʾallāh Ibn Aṯarī

This article provides an overview of the Greek mentions of the Arabic astrologers Māšāʾallāh ibn Aṯarī al-Baṣrī and Abū Maʿšar al-Balḫī, together with the edition of the Greek fragments explicitly attributed to Māšāʾallāh, based on all their known witnesses. Moreover, a general introduction to the Greek tradition of the two astrologers and a discussion of their mentions in the MS Vatican City, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Vat. gr. 1056 are supplied.

THE GREEK FRAGMENTS OF THE WORKS OF MĀŠĀʾALLĀH IBN AṮARĪ * LUCA FARINA ** EBERHARD KARLS UNIVERSITÄT TÜBINGEN Abstract This article provides an overview of the Greek mentions of the Arabic astrologers Māšāʾallāh ibn Aṯarī al-Baṣrī and Abū Maʿšar al-Balḫī, together with the edition of the Greek fragments explicitly attributed to Māšāʾallāh, based on all their known witnesses. Moreover, a general introduction to the Greek tradition of the two astrologers and a discussion of their mentions in the MS Vatican City, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Vat. gr. 1056 are supplied. Key Words Māšāʾallāh ibn Aṯarī, Abū Maʿšar al-Balḫī, Astrology, Manuscripts, Arabic into Greek. Introduction The present contribution offers a preliminary survey of the dissemination of Arabic astrology in Byzantium by focusing on the mentions of Māšāʾallāh ibn Aṯarī al-Baṣrī (d. 815) and Abū Maʿšar al-Balḫī (d. 886). 1 In addition to this, it supplies * ** 1 I would like to thank Joe Glynias, Johannes Pahlitzsch and Zachary Chitwood for encouraging me to write this contribution, for reading its first draft and for commenting it. I am also grateful to the two anonymous referees for the several suggestions they made, greatly improving it. ORCiD: 0000-0002-9552-0169. For a summary of the life and works of Māšāʾallāh ibn Aṯarī al-Baṣrī, cf. DAVID PINGREE, « Māšāʾallāh », in CHARLES GILLISPIE (ed.), Dictionary of Scientific Biography, 9, Charles Scribner’s Sons, New York 1974, p. 159–162; FUAT SEZGIN, Geschichte des arabischen Schrifttums, 7, Brill, Leiden 1979, p. 102–08; DAVID PINGREE, « Masha’allah: Greek, Pahlavi, Arabic, and Latin Astrology », in AHMAD HASNAOUI, ABDELALI ELAMRANI-JAMAL, MAROUN AOUAD (eds.), Perspectives arabes et médiévales sur la tradition scientifique et philosophique grecque. Actes du colloque de la SIHSPAI, Société Internationale d’Histoire des Sciences et de la Philosophie Arabes et Islamiques, Paris, 31 mars– Mediterranea. International journal on the transfer of knowledge, 7 (2022), p. 225–279 © The author(s). Published by UCOPress. Cordoba University Press. All rights reserved. ISSN: 2445-2378 Luca Farina the edition of the fragments explicitly attributed to Māšāʾallāh in the Greek manuscript tradition. The main goal of the article therefore is to make available a corpus of Greek translations of Arabic astrological material to better grasp the interests Byzantine scholars had in such a branch of knowledge. On one hand, the studies carried out by David Pingree – together with the Catalogus Codicum Astrologorum Graecorum (i.e. CCAG) that was compiled between 1898 and 1953 –2 had a pivotal role in the development of this field of study, but a comprehensive and systematic overview is still a desideratum. 3 On the other hand, it is difficult to access Greek translations of Arabic texts: both because of their abstruseness and, most importantly, because they still often lie in manuscripts. To clarify the presence of the above-mentioned scholars from the Islamicate world in Byzantium, the obliged starting point is the analysis of the astrological Graeco-Arabic manuscript corpus (thirteenth-seventeenth century) that has come down to us. The following tables list the occurrences of Abū Maʿšar’s and Māšāʾallāh’s works in the Greek tradition, together with the mention of their names, to the extent I am aware. 4 The first table concerns Abū Maʿšar’s works; the 2 3 4 3 avril 1993, Peeters Publisher–Institut du monde arabe, Leuven–Paris 1997 (Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta, 79), p. 123–136 and, more recently, ID., « The Byzantine Translations of Māshā’allāh’s Works on Interrogational Astrology », in MARIA MAVROUDI, PAUL MAGDALINO (eds.), The Occult Sciences in Byzantium, La Pomme d’Or, Geneva 2006, p. 231–243. On Abū Maʿšar al-Balḫī, cf. at least SEZGIN, Geschichte des arabischen Schrifttums, 7, p. 139–151; CHARLES BURNETT, « Abū Maʿshar », in KATE FLEET, GUDRUN KRÄMER, DENIS MATRINGE, JOHN NAWAS, EVERETT ROWSON (eds.), Encyclopaedia of Islam Three, Brill, Leiden–Boston 2008; ID., « Abū Maʿshar (AD 787–886) and his Major Texts on Astrology », in GHERARDO GNOLI, ANTONIO PANAINO (eds.), Kayd. Studies in History of Mathematics, Astronomy and Astrology in Memory of David Pingree, Istituto Italiano per l’Africa e l’Oriente, Rome 2009 (Serie Orientale Roma, 102), p. 17–29 and the previous bibliography recorded there; the proceedings of the conference CHARLES BURNETT (ed.), Abū Maʿshar al-Balkhī: a ‘Philosophus’ in Ninth-Century Baghdad, Warburg Institute, London, 27 October 2018 (forthcoming). See at least the CCAG, which provides extensive descriptions of the contents of Greek astrological manuscripts, together with the edition of many excerpts. Cf. also DAVID PINGREE (ed.), Albumasaris, De revolutionibus nativitatum, B. G. Teubner, Leipzig 1968 (Bibliotheca Scriptorum Graecorum et Romanorum Teubneriana. Auctores Graeci); ID., « The Indian and Pseudo-Indian Passages in Greek and Latin Astronomical and Astrological Texts », Viator, 7 (1976), p. 141–195; ID., « Classical and Byzantine Astrology in Sassanian Persia », Dumbarton Oaks Papers, 43 (1989), p. 227–239; ID., « Masha’allah: Greek, Pahlavi, Arabic, and Latin Astrology »; DAVID PINGREE, CHARLES BURNETT (eds.), The ‘Liber Aristotilis’ of Hugo of Santalla, The Warburg Institute, London 1997 (Warburg Institute Surveys and Texts, 26) and PINGREE, « The Byzantine Translations of Māshā’allāh’s Works on Interrogational Astrology », which offers in-depth, although often labyrinthine, analyses. An important contribution to the field is the article by Joe Glynias in this same issue. The tables are still provisional: they aim to be a starting point – in combination with the information given by the CCAG and <https://pinakes.irht.cnrs.fr> – for the study of Arabo-Greek astrological arguments. The diktyon of each manuscript is specified in correspondence of its first occurrence. Online reproductions and a preliminary analysis of the codices here mentioned can be found through Pinakes. For reason of space, the overview of the Greek manuscript tradition 226 The Greek Fragments of the Works of Māšāʾallāh ibn Aṯarī second one focuses on the excerpts of the collection entitled Apotelesmatic Mysteries of Knowledge of Abū Maʿšar (i.e. the Mysteries) as contained in the rich marginalia of the manuscript Vat. gr. 1056 – a codex particularly relevant for the present study, and for the study of Arabic astrology in Greek tout court, both for its dating and for its contents –; 5 and the third one is about Māšāʾallāh’s works and mentions. This article is laid out as follows: (I) after sketching an overview of Abū Maʿšar’s and Māšāʾallāh’s Greek occurrences and briefly presenting the Byzantine translations of their works, (II) it will focus on the importance of Vat. gr. 1056 by giving a concise description of the codex, (III) and then it will supply the text of the Greek fragments of Māšāʾallāh’s works. The appendices contain two additional texts that have been mentioned in the article. Shelfmark Berlin, Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin. Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Phillipps 1577 (gr. 173) (c. 14th–15th) [Diktyon, 9478] Bologna, Biblioteca Universitaria, 3632 (305) (c. 1440) [Diktyon, 9761] Folia Contents Περὶ τοῦ ὅτι καὶ οἱ γεωργοὶ γινώσκουσιν τοὺς ἐπιτηδείους εἰς τὰ ἀνήκοντα αὐτῶν. 136r Mysteries αʹ, ch. γʹ–δʹ, ηʹ–ιβʹ; Mysteries βʹ, ch. ρκθʹ–ρλβʹ, ρλζʹ; Mysteries αʹ, ch. οεʹ, μϛʹ, πʹ, ρμγʹ–ρμδʹ, ρμζʹ; Mysteries βʹ, ch. ρναʹ, ρνεʹ–ρνζʹ Mysteries βʹ, ch. κθʹ–λʹ, ρϞηʹ–σʹ; Mysteries αʹ, ch. ρλζʹ, ρναʹ, ρξδʹ, Ϟδʹ; Mysteries βʹ, ch. ρϞηʹ, σζʹ–σιεʹ, ραʹ, ρκʹ–ρκηʹ Mysteries αʹ, ch. ριγʹ–ριηʹ, ρκϛʹ om.; Mysteries βʹ, ch. ρϞβʹ (part.); Mysteries γʹ, ch. κδʹ–κηʹ om. 272r–273v 280r–281v El Escorial, Real Biblioteca del Monasterio de San Lorenzo, Φ.I.5 (gr. 183) (16th > 1542) [Diktyon, 15137] El Escorial, Real Biblioteca del Monasterio de San Lorenzo, R.I.14 (gr. 14) (15th) [Diktyon, 15286] Florence, Medicea 5 Biblioteca Laurenziana, 210r–316v 191r, 192v 233r–v 192r– Mysteries αʹ, ch. ξϛʹ–οαʹ, οζʹ Περὶ τῶν ἀποδεδειγμένων τετραγώνων τοῦ Ἡλίου πρὸς τὴν Σελήνην ὅτι οὐκ εἰσὶ βλαπτικά. that is supplied here cannot be analysed thoroughly. For more information about the codices, cf. the corresponding catalogue’s entries, together with the ones in the CCAG. Infra, p. 247–249. 227 Luca Farina plut. 28.14 (14th) [Diktyon, 16195] Florence, Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana, plut. 28.33 (1542) [Diktyon, 16214] Florence, Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana, plut. 28.36 (15th) [Diktyon, 16217] Leiden, Bibliotheek der Rijksuniversiteit, Voss. gr. F° 9 (16th–17th) [Diktyon, 38017] Milan, Biblioteca Ambrosiana, B 38 sup. (gr. 88) (15th) [Diktyon, 42310] Milan, Biblioteca Ambrosiana, H 2 inf. (gr. 1030) (16th) [Diktyon, 42845] 3r–192r Mysteries αʹ, ch. αʹ–ρξδʹ; Mysteries βʹ, ch. αʹ–σκαʹ; Mysteries γʹ, ch. αʹ–ξηʹ 1r–91v Mysteries αʹ, ch. αʹ–ρξδʹ; Mysteries βʹ, ch. αʹ–πβʹ 1r–8r 1r–93r 146v Mysteries αʹ, ch. αʹ–ληʹ (ch. θʹ: different ending; some variations in the last chapters) Mysteries αʹ (ch. ριγʹ–ριηʹ om.); Mysteries βʹ, ch. ρϞβʹ (part.); Mysteries γʹ, (ch. κδʹ– κηʹ om.) Mention in subscription Mention 262r Munich, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Cod. graec. 287 (1491) [Diktyon, 44734] 1r–2r Oxford, Bodleian Library, Barocci 94 (15th–16th) [Diktyon, 47381] 68r–75v Oxford, Bodleian Library, Cromwell 12 (15th–16th) [Diktyon, 47802] 400–401 Περὶ συγκοπῆς ἱματίων καὶ φορέσεως. Περὶ διαφόρων πραγμάτων ὁποῖον βούλει. Περὶ τοῦ ἐνικίου (sic). Περὶ κινήσεως καὶ ἀποδημίας. Περὶ ἀγορᾶς καὶ πρ⟨άσεως⟩. Περὶ φλεβοτομίας καὶ σικυάσεως. Περὶ γάμων. Περὶ διαδοχῆς τέχνης καὶ λόγου. Περὶ ἀποστολῆς γραφῆς καὶ ἀπολρισιαρίων (sic). Περὶ τόπου (sic) δεῖ ἐπάρειν βοήθημα. Ὅταν ἡ Σελήνη μόνη ἐστὶν ἐν τοῖς ζῳδίοις. Mysteries αʹ, ch. αʹ–ληʹ (ch. κεʹ–ληʹ are added by a later hand) Περὶ δὲ τοῦ πολεύοντος καὶ διέπον (sic) ἐπὶ πάσης καταρχῆς ἀναγκαῖόν ἐστι φυλάττειν τήν τε πρώτην καὶ ὀγδόην ὥραν τῶν δύο τῆς ἑβδομάδος ἡμερῶν, τῆς δʹ καὶ τοῦ σαββάτου, cf. Introductio et fundamentum astrologiae by Aḥmed the Persian. 228 The Greek Fragments of the Works of Māšāʾallāh ibn Aṯarī Oxford, Bodleian Library, Holkham gr. 109 (15th) [Diktyon, 48177] 158r Oxford, Bodleian Library, Holkham gr. 110 (1428) [Diktyon, 48178] 17r–18r Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, grec 2381 (c. 1371) [Diktyon, 52013] Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, grec 2417 (13th) [Diktyon, 52049] 4r, 8r 25r–26v 71v–72r 137v–139r 278v Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, grec 2504 (16th) [Diktyon, 52136] Περὶ συγκοπῆς ἱματίων καὶ φορέσεως. Περὶ διαφόρων πραγμάτων, ὁποῖον βούλει. Περὶ τοῦ ἐνικεῖσαι (sic) ἐν τόπῳ. Περὶ κινήσεως καὶ ἀποδημίας. Περὶ ἀγορᾶς καὶ πράσεως. Περὶ φλεβοτομίας καὶ σικυάσεως. Περὶ γάμου. Περὶ διαδοχῆς τέχνης καὶ λόγου. Περὶ ἀποστολῆς γραφῆς καὶ ἀποκρισιαρίων. Περὶ τόπου (sic) δεῖ ἐπάρειν βοήθημα. Τῆς Σελήνης μόνης οὔσης ἐν τοῖς ζῳδίοις. Mysteries γʹ, ch. νζʹ 71v 37r–v Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, grec 2419 (15th) [Diktyon, 52051] Περὶ τοῦ ποῖος τετράγωνος τοῦ Ἡλίου καὶ τῆς Σελήνης οὐκ ἔστι βλαπτικός· τοῦ Ἀπομάσαρ. Τοῦ Ἀπομάσαρ· πῶς ἡ Σελήνη ἐν τοῖς φρέασιν οὖσα οὐ βλάπτεται ἀλλ’ ὠφελεῖται. Τοῦ αὐτοῦ· περὶ τοῦ ἄν τύχῃ ὅμοιον σημαινομένη Ἄρει ἡ Σελήνη. Mysteries αʹ, ch. ρναʹ 35r 156r–158v 160r Mysteries βʹ, ch. ρλεʹ, ρμθʹ Mysteries αʹ, ch. ξϛʹ–οαʹ, οζʹ (different ending) Ἀπὸ τῆς βίβλου Ἀπὸμαξάρ (sic)· κεφάλαια ἀνανκαιὅτατα (sic). Mysteries γʹ, ch. ιϛʹ–ιηʹ Mysteries γʹ, ch. ιδʹ, ιθʹ–κʹ, ιβʹ–ιγʹ; Mysteries αʹ, ch. ρμβʹ, ρμαʹ; Mysteries βʹ, ch. πʹ; Mysteries αʹ, ch. ρμηʹ Mysteries αʹ, ch. ρνζʹ Mention: attribution of the anonymous commentary of Ptolemy’s Tetrabiblos: Ἀπομάσσαρος τοῦ παλαιτάτου ἐξήγησις εἰς τὴν Τετράβιβλον τοῦ Πτολεμαίου. De revolutionibus nativitatum (229–239) Mysteries αʹ, ch. εʹ 229 Luca Farina Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, grec 2506 (14th) [Diktyon, 52138] Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, grec 2507 (14th) [Diktyon, 52139] Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, grec 2509 (16th) [Diktyon, 52141] Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, supplément grec 1148 (16th) [Diktyon, 53805] Rome, Biblioteca Angelica, gr. 29 (1388) [Diktyon, 55936] De revolutionibus nativitatum (170–182) 173v–175v 62r–63r 79r–101v, 113v–123v 95v 133v 10r–39v 39v–67v Περὶ τῶν ἀποδεδειγμένων τετραγώνων τοῦ Ἡλίου πρὸς τὴν Σελήνην ὅτι οὐκ εἰσὶ βλαπτικά. Τοῦ αὐτοῦ. Περὶ ἐπανόδου εἰς τὸν οἶκον ἀπὸ ἀποδημίας. Περὶ ὑποστροφῆς ἀποδήμου. Περὶ συγκοπῆς καὶ φορήσεως ἱματίου. Περὶ διαφόρων πραγμάτων τῆς Σελήνης οὔσης ἐν ἑκάστῳ τῶν ζῳδίων. Περὶ τοῦ ἐνοικιῶσαι (sic). Περὶ ὀρυγῆς φρέατος καὶ πακτεύσεως ὑδάτων. Περὶ κινήσεως καὶ ἀποδημίας. Περὶ ἀγορασίας ψυχαρίων. Περὶ κοινωνίας καὶ δουλείας ἀερικῆς (sic). Περὶ ἀγορασίας καὶ πράσεως. Περὶ φλεβοτομίας καὶ σικυάσεως. Περὶ γάμου. Περὶ συνελεύσεως χάριν γονῆς παιδίων ἀρρένων. Περὶ ἀπογαλακτίσεως βρέφους. Περὶ διαδοχῆς τέχνης καὶ λόγου. Περὶ λουτροῦ. Περὶ συγκοπῆς ἱματίου καὶ ἐνδύσεως αὐτοῦ. Περὶ ἀποστολῆς γραμμάτων καὶ ἀποκρισιαρίου. Περὶ βοηθημάτων. De revolutionibus nativitatum Mysteries βʹ, ch. ρνζʹ, ρνϛʹ Περὶ τοῦ ὅτι καὶ οἱ γεωργοὶ γινώσκουσιν τοὺς ἐπιτηδείους εἰς τὰ ἀνήκοντα αὐτῶν. Mysteries αʹ, ch. αʹ–ρξδʹ (ρζʹ om., some chapters are in the wrong order) Mysteries βʹ, ch. αʹ–σκαʹ 230 The Greek Fragments of the Works of Māšāʾallāh ibn Aṯarī Saint Petersburg, академия наук, O N° 128 (1448) [Diktyon, 56834] Vatican City, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Barb. gr. 127 (15th) [Diktyon, 64675] Vatican City, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Pal. gr. 312 (15th–16th) [Diktyon, 66044] Vatican City, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Vat. gr. 191 (13th–14th) [Diktyon, 66822] Mysteries γʹ, ch. αʹ–ξηʹ Mysteries βʹ, ch. δʹ (longer version) Mysteries βʹ, ch. αʹ–ληʹ 68r–91r 237v 194r–201r, 1r–2r Εἶδον ἐν Περσικῷ βιβλίῳ τοῦ Ἀπομάσαρ ὅτι ὁ ὡροσκόπος τῆς ἐναλλαγῆς τοῦ ἔτους. Εἶδον ἐν τῷ αὐτῷ βιβλίῳ τοῦ Ἀπομάσαρ καὶ τοῦτο ἐὰν εὕρῃς ἐν τῇ τοῦ ἔτους ἐναλλαγῇ. Ἀπὸ τῆς βίβλου Ἀπομαζὰρ κεφάλαια ἀναγκαιότατα. cf. Mysteries βʹ, ch. δʹ Mention De revolutionibus nativitatum 114r 17v–18r 116r 160v 248v–286v 1r 31r–32r 33r 46r–v (marg.) 64v (marg.) 69v–71r Vatican City, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Vat. gr. 1056 (13th) [Diktyon, 67687] 72v (marg.) 74v (marg.) 75v (marg.) 80v (marg.) 89r (marg.) Mention Mention Mention Εἶπεν ὁ Ἀπομάσαρ ὅτι παρῆν ἐγώ. Κρίσις τοῦ Ἀπομάσαρ. Ἐρωτηθεὶς (sic) ὁ Ἀπομάσαρ περὶ τῆς εὑρέσεως τῆς ἐρωτήσεως. Mysteries αʹ, ch. ρβʹ, ξʹ–ξδʹ Εἶπεν ὁ Ἀπομάσαρ ὅτι· ἀπὸ πείρας ἀπὸ τῶν μυστηρίων τῆς τέχνης βιβλίων ἔγνωμεν τοῦτο. Ἴδε τὸν κύριον τοῦ ζʹ τόπου — τὸν κύριον τοῦ ηʹ. Eἶπεν ὁ Ἀπομάσαρ ὅτι· μὴ ἀποτελέσεις περὶ θανάτου — θανεῖται ὁ νοσῶν. Τοῦ Ἀπομάσαρ· σὺν τῷ κυρίῳ τοῦ ὡροσκόπου — καὶ τῆς Σελήνης. Περὶ γαμικοῦ συναλλάγματος. Περὶ κλοπῆς λέγει ὁ Ἀπομάσαρ. Ὁ Ἀπομάσαρ μετὰ τὸ εἰπεῖν οὐκ ὀλίγα περὶ πολέμου, ὅσα καὶ οἱ λοιποὶ εἶπον, εἶπε καὶ τοῦτο — περὶ τοῦ ζʹ καὶ τοῦ ηʹ. Τοῦ αὐτοῦ Ἀπομάσαρ· ἐρωτηθεὶς (sic) οὗτος, ἐὰν ὁ κύριος τοῦ ζʹ — ὅπερ οὐκ ἀποδέχομαι. 231 Luca Farina 90r 94v (marg.) 101r (marg.) 106r, 108r 111r 107v– 111v (marg.) 152v 155v 170v–172r (marg.) 173r (marg.) 174v (marg.) 193v 194r–221v 221v–234r, 24r–27v 234v 235v–236r Vatican City, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Vat. 1r–101v Εἶπε καὶ τοῦτο ὁ Ἀπομάσαρ ὅτι· ἐὰν ἀπὸ τοῦ ὡροσκόπου — νικᾷ ὁ ἀντίδικος. Mysteries βʹ, ch. σκʹ Περὶ τοῦ ἐὰν ἐρωτηθῇς ὡς εἰ ἔστιν ὁ δεῖνα ἐν τῷ τόπῳ τῷ δεῖνι ἢ μετέβη, λέγει ὁ Ἀπομάσαρ — λέγε ὅτι ἐξῆλθε. Περὶ ἄρχοντος πεσόντος ἀπὸ τῆς δόξης αὐτοῦ εἶπεν ὁ Ἀπομάσαρ. Mysteries αʹ, ch. ρηʹ, ρθʹ–ριβʹ Mysteries αʹ, ch. ριθʹ; Mysteries βʹ, ch. ξβʹ Περὶ φήμης εἶπεν ὁ Ἀπομάσαρ καὶ τοῦτο· εἰ βούλει γνῶναι — καὶ ἐφορᾷ αὐτόν. Ὁ Ἀπομάσαρ· λέγει ὁ Ἀπομάσαρ εἰ θέλεις ἰδεῖν — μὴ ἐπιλανθάνου τούτων. Mysteries βʹ, ch. ιαʹ, ροʹ (part.); Mysteries γʹ, ch. μεʹ (part.); cf. Mysteries αʹ, ch. ριεʹ; Mysteries αʹ, ch. ιαʹ Λέγει ὁ Ἀπομάσαρ ὅταν εἰσέρχηταί τις — καὶ αὐτῷ καὶ τῇ χώρᾳ. Περὶ ἀποδημίας. Εἶπεν ὁ Ἀπομάσαρ· εἰ βούλει ἐκβαλεῖν τινα ἐπὶ πόλεμον — τοῦτο ἀναγκαῖον. Λέγει ὁ Ἀπομάσαρ ὅτι· ἐν τῇ πρὸς πόλεμον ἀποδημίᾳ — τὴν κοσμικὴν διαίρεσιν. Ἀπομάσαρ λέγει ὅτι· ἡ Σελήνη ἀεὶ ἡττημένη — εἰς τὰς μεγάλας ἐκλογάς. Τοῦ Ἀπομάσαρ· ἄξιον λόγου καὶ πάνυ τῶν αἱρετῶν — ὑπὸ τῶν ἀγαθοποιῶν. Mention Mysteries βʹ, ch. αʹ–σϛʹ Mysteries γʹ, ch. αʹ–ϛʹ, ιʹ–ιδʹa–d, ιϛʹ (beginning), ιηʹ–κʹ, κγʹ–κδʹ, κβʹ, κεʹ–λϛʹ (part.), μεʹ (part.)–νϛʹ, ϛʹ–ζʹ, καʹ Εἶπεν ὁ Ἀπομάσαρ ὅτι· εἶπεν ὁ Ἑρμῆς επὶ τῶν μυστηρίων. Κεφάλαια ἀναγκαῖα κατ’ ἐρώτησιν τοῦ Γασάμη καὶ ἀπόκρισις τοῦ Ἀπομάσαρ. Mysteries αʹ, ch. αʹ–ρξδʹ; Mysteries βʹ, ch. αʹ–σκαʹ; Mysteries γʹ, ch. αʹ–ξηʹ 232 The Greek Fragments of the Works of Māšāʾallāh ibn Aṯarī gr. 1057 (1542) [Diktyon, 67688] Vatican City, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Vat. gr. 1058 (15th) [Diktyon, 67689] Vatican City, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Vat. gr. 1066 (15th) [Diktyon, 67697] Vatican City, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Vat. gr. 1698 (15th) [Diktyon, 68327] Venice, Biblioteca nazionale Marciana, gr. Z. 324 (coll. 640) (14th) [Diktyon, 69795] Venice, Biblioteca nazionale Marciana, gr. Z. 334 (coll. 553) (13th–14th) [Diktyon, 69805] Venice, Biblioteca nazionale Marciana, gr. Z. 335 (coll. 645) (14th–15th) [Diktyon, 69806] Vienna, Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, hist. gr. 122 (16th) [Diktyon, 70999] Vienna, Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, phil. gr. 108 (15th) [Diktyon, 71222] Vienna, Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, phil. gr. 115 (13th) [Diktyon, 71229] Mysteries γʹ, ch. καʹ 454r–457v De revolutionibus nativitatum (ch. 3.9–4.7) 103v–124r 86r–104r, 104r–106r 231v 326r De revolutionibus nativitatum (ch. 245– 273.33; 167–170.5) cf. Mysteries βʹ, ch. δʹ Mysteries γʹ, ch. μεʹ (part.) Εἶπεν ὁ Ἀπομάσαρ ταῦτα τὰ τετράγωνα. 38v 125v 208r–211v Περὶ ἄρχοντος πεσόντος ἀπὸ τῆς δόξης αὐτοῦ εἰ ἐρωτηθῇς. Mysteries αʹ, ch. αʹ–θʹ Mysteries αʹ, ch. αʹ–καʹ 33r–43r 205r–207v 267v–268v 117r–120r Καὶ περὶ κλήρου τύχης ἐν τοῖς δώδεκα ζῳδίοις. Ἀπὸ τῆς βίβλου Ἀπομαξὰρ ἀναγκαιότατα κεφάλαια ἀπὸ δοκιμασιῶν. Περὶ τῶν ὑποδεδειγμένων τετραγώνων τοῦ Ἡλίου καὶ τῆς Σελήνης ὅτι οὐκ εἰσὶ βλαπτικά. Τοῦ αὐτοῦ περὶ φήμης. Τοῦ Ἀπομάσαρ· περὶ ὡροσκόπου εἰσελεύσεως ἀπὸ ἀποδημίας. Περὶ ὑποστροφῆς ἀποδήμου ἀπὸ ἐρωτήσεως. Περὶ συγκοπῆς ἱματίων καὶ φορέσεως ἐν ὑγείᾳ αὐτοῦ. 233 Luca Farina Vienna, Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, phil. gr. 262 (15th) [Diktyon, 71376] Περὶ διαφόρων πραγμάτων Σελήνης οὔσης ἐν ἑκάστῳ τῶν ζῳδίων. Περὶ τοῦ ἐνοικίου. Περὶ ὀρυγῆς πηγάδων καὶ πακτεύσεως ὑδάτων. Περὶ κινήσεως καὶ ἀποδημίας Περὶ ἀγορᾶς ψυχαρίων. Περὶ κοινωνίας καὶ δουλείας ἀερικῆς (sic). Περὶ ἀγορᾶς καὶ πράσεως. Περὶ φλεβοτομίας καὶ συκιάσεως (sic). Περὶ γάμου. Περὶ συνελεύσεως χάριν γονῆς παιδὸς ἀρρένου. Περὶ ἀποκοπῆς βρέφους ἀπὸ τοῦ γαλακτισμοῦ. Περὶ διαδοχῆς τέχνης καὶ λόγου. Περὶ λουτροῦ. Περὶ συγκοπῆς ἱματίου καὶ ἐνδύσεως αὐτοῦ. Περὶ ἀποστολῆς γραμμάτων καὶ ἀποκρισιαρίων. Περὶ βοηθήματος. Mysteries βʹ, ch. δʹ (?) 152v Table 1 Mysteries αʹ Folia 45v 53r 66v 68r 69v 70r 77r 77v Mysteries βʹ Folia 45r 71v Chapter πδʹ, πθʹ ρκζʹ πʹ (part.) Ϟζʹ, ρκϛʹ ραʹ (2nd half) ρνεʹ νζʹ οβʹ 72r 73r 73v 234 Chapter νζʹ (Ἄλλως) ρληʹ ρλεʹ (abbrv.), ιηʹ, πʹ Λέγει ὁ Ἀπομάσαρ ὅτι· ἐστὶν ὁ Ἥλιος κύριος τοῦ ὡροσκόπου — οἱ βʹ συνοδεύοντες. ρμζʹ ρμθʹ The Greek Fragments of the Works of Māšāʾallāh ibn Aṯarī 78r 80v 81v 82r 82v 83v 84r 84v 90r 93v 94v ογʹ μʹ μδʹ μεʹ, μϛʹ, μζʹ μεʹ, νβʹ, μηʹ μθʹ μβʹ ναʹ ρλαʹ ρκʹ 97r 100v 101v 104r 111r 166v 173v 175r 177v 180r 184v 193r ρμθʹ Ϟβʹ ρκηʹ ρκδʹ ριθʹ νθʹ ρκαʹ ριϛʹ οεʹ νϛʹ νηʹ ϛʹ 75r 75v 87r 91v 93r 95r 100r 111r 111v 166r 180r 180v ρζʹ–ἄλλως, ρκγʹ (cf.) ρλϛʹ, ρλδʹ, ρϞϛʹ, ρϞεʹ οδʹ ληʹ σιθʹ σιηʹ ρϞδʹ οθʹ ξβʹ σκαʹ ριηʹ ρνδʹ ρλʹ, ρλβʹ Mysteries γʹ Folia 144v Chapter μεʹ (part.) Table 2 Shelfmark El Escorial, Real Biblioteca del Monasterio de San Lorenzo, Φ.I.5 (gr. 183) (16th > 1542) [Diktyon, 15137] Florence, Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana, Plut. 28.33 (1542) [Diktyon, 16214] Folia 235r 252r 261v 266r 49r 78v 95r 103v 23r 37r Contents Mention in Mysteries αʹ, ch. ρβʹ Mention in Mysteries βʹ, ch. ιʹ Mention in Mysteries βʹ, ch. ξʹ Mention in Mysteries βʹ, ch. Ϟʹ Mention in Mysteries αʹ, ch. ρβʹ Mention in Mysteries βʹ, ch. ιʹ Mention in Mysteries βʹ, ch. ξʹ Mention in Mysteries βʹ, ch. Ϟʹ Mention in Mysteries αʹ, ch. ρβʹ Mention in Mysteries βʹ, ch. ιʹ 235 Luca Farina Milan, Biblioteca Ambrosiana, B 38 sup. (gr. 88) (15th) [Diktyon, 42310] Naples, Biblioteca nazionale Vittorio Emanuele III, II.C.33 (15th) [Diktyon, 46079] Oxford, Bodleian Library, Barocci 94 (15th–16th) [Diktyon, 47381] Mention in Mysteries βʹ, ch. ξʹ Mention in Mysteries βʹ, ch. Ϟʹ 44v 48v 403r 406v Mention Mention (Περὶ θησαυρῶν) Περὶ τοῦ εἰ ἔστι τινὶ ἀγαθὸν ἢ κακὸν καὶ πότε. Περὶ χρόνων ζωῆς. 410r–v 100v 206v Τοῦ Μασαλέως περὶ φίλων. Τοῦ Μασαλέως περὶ φιλίας. Περὶ τοῦ εἰ ἔσται τινὶ ἀγαθὸν ἢ κακὸν καὶ πότε. Περὶ χρόνων ζωῆς. Mention (Περὶ θησαυρῶν) Περὶ τοῦ εʹ τόπου. Περὶ τοῦ ϛʹ τόπου. Mention Mention (Περὶ θησαυρῶν) Περὶ τοῦ εἰ ἔσται τινὶ ἀγαθὸν ἢ κακὸν καὶ πότε. Mention Περὶ τοῦ πότε ἔσται τινὶ καλὸν ἢ κακόν. 30r 43v 50v 54r 68v–69r 152v 153v–154r 157r–v 167v 170v–171r 48r–v 48v–49r 49v–50r 64r 67r 68v 68v–69r 69v Mention in Mysteries αʹ, ch. ρβʹ Mention in Mysteries βʹ, ch. ιʹ Mention in Mysteries βʹ, ch. ξʹ Mention in Mysteries βʹ, ch. Ϟʹ cf. Laleli 2122bis, fol. 3r cf. Laleli 2122bis, fol. 23v cf. Laleli 2122bis, fol. 22r–v cf. Laleli 2122bis, fol. 2v; 21v; 23v–24v cf. Laleli 2122bis, fol. 13r–v cf. Laleli 2122bis, fol. 7v–11v Περὶ τοῦ γνῶναι. Περὶ τοῦ γνῶναι. Περὶ τοῦ γνῶναι. Mention ⟨Περὶ χρόνων ζωῆς⟩. Περὶ χρέους. Mention (Περὶ θησαυρῶν) Mention (Mysteries αʹ, ch. ρβʹ) 436 Oxford, Bodleian Library, Cromwell 12 (15th–16th) [Diktyon, 47802] Oxford, Bodleian Library, Selden Supra 17 (14th–15th) [Diktyon, 48462] Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, grec 2424 (14th) [Diktyon, 52056] Rome, Biblioteca Angelica, gr. 29 (1388) [Diktyon, 55936] Vatican City, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Vat. gr. 1056 (13th) [Diktyon, 67687] 437 441–442 445 446 447–449 114r 117v 120r 205v 236 The Greek Fragments of the Works of Māšāʾallāh ibn Aṯarī Περὶ παιδὸς γίνεται ἢ οὔ. ⟨ηʹ Περὶ τοῦ εἰ ἐρωτηθῇς ἆρα ἀληθής ἐστι ἡ σύλληψις ἢ ψευδής⟩. Περὶ ἰατρείας. Περὶ δούλου εἰ ἐλευθεροῦται ἢ μεταβήσεται πρὸς ἑτέραν δεσποτείαν. Περὶ γαμικοῦ συναλλάγματος γίνεται ἢ οὐ γίνεται. Εἶπεν ὁ Μασάλα — γενήσεται αὖθις. 70r 70v 73r (marg.) 74r–v 74v–75r 75r (marg.) 86r (marg.) 90v–91r 95v (marg.) 97r 100v (marg.) 106r 111r–112r 195v 202v 205v 234v 242r–v Venice, Biblioteca nazionale Marciana, gr. Z. 334 (coll. 553) (13th–14th) [Diktyon, 69805] Venice, Biblioteca nazionale Marciana, gr. Z. 335 (coll. 645) (14th–15th) [Diktyon, 69806] Vienna, Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, hist. gr. 122 (16th) [Diktyon, 70999] Τὸν Μασάλα ἐρώτησιν — παρὰ τοῦ τοιούτου σοφοῦ Μασάλα. Περὶ ἀποδημίας γίνεται ἢ οὔ. Τὸ τοιοῦτον θεμάτιόν ἐστιν — ἀπὸ τῆς ἀρχῆς αὐτοῦ. Περὶ ἀνδρὸς ἐρωτῶντος εἰ προσληφθήσεται παρὰ βασιλέως ἢ ἐξουσιαστοῦ. Λέγει ὁ Μασάλα — ἐν τοῖς δεξιοῖς τοῦ ὡροσκόπου μέρεσιν. Περὶ τοῦ πότε ἐστί τινι ἀγαθὸν ἢ ἐναντίον. Περὶ φήμης εἰ ἀληθής ἐστιν ἢ ψευδής. Mention in Mysteries βʹ, ch. ιʹ Mention in Mysteries βʹ, ch. ξʹ Mention in Mysteries βʹ, ch. Ϟʹ Mention Λόγος τοῦ σοφωτάτου Μασάλα — τὰς δυνάμεις τῶν τοιούτων βιβλίων. Περὶ τοῦ πότε ἔσται τινὶ καλὸν ἢ κακόν. 148v Περὶ τοῦ πότε ἔσται τινὶ καλὸν ἢ κακόν. Περὶ τοῦ ϛʹ τόπου. ρζʹ Περὶ χρόνων ζωῆς. 310v 394r Pinax 81r–87v Περὶ χρόνου ζωῆς καὶ θανάτου ἀπὸ τοῦ βιβλίου τῶν δώδεκα τόπων τοῦ Μασάλα. Περὶ τοῦ πότε ἔνι ἀγαθόν τινι ἢ κακόν. Table 3 237 Luca Farina I. Status Quaestionis Before presenting some astrological sections found especially in Vat. gr. 1056, it is useful to briefly summarize which works by Abū Maʿšar al-Balḫī (Ἀπομάσαρ) and Māšāʾallāh ibn Aṯarī al-Baṣrī (Μασάλλα) 6 were translated from Arabic into Byzantine Greek, and to make some remarks about the above-mentioned Vatican manuscript. From the list of the occurrences of their works, it appears clear that the former is far more widespread than the latter. From a quantitative point of view, it has been possible to find forty-three codices dated from the thirteenth to the seventeenth century. They are distributed as follows: three dated to the thirteenth century; two to the thirteenth-fourteenth century; eight to the fourteenth century; three from the fourteenth-fifteenth century; fifteen to the fifteenth century; three to the fifteenth-sixteenth century; eight to the sixteenth century and one to the sixteenth-seventeenth century. Therefore, their works are attested from the thirteenth century onwards, and the interest Byzantine (and post-Byzantine) scholars nourished towards them grew over time, booming in the fifteenth century. The epitomized translations of three complete works by Abū Maʿšar are well known: the Book on the Revolutions of the Years of the Nativities (Kitāb fī taḥāwīl sinī almawālīd, Περὶ τῆς τῶν ἐτῶν ἐναλλαγῆς), the Book of the Great Introduction to Astrology (Kitāb al-mudḫal al-kabīr ilā ʿilm aḥkām al-nuǧūm, Ἡ εἰσαγωγὴ τοῦ Ἀπομάσαρ)7 and the Dialogues on Astrology (Muḏākarāt fī ʿilm al-nuǧūm, Ἡ βʹ ἀποτελεσματικὴ βίβλος τῶν μυστηρίων τῆς ἐπιστήμης τοῦ Ἀπομάσαρ). 8 The last two of them are preserved 6 7 8 There is no univocal agreement on the transliteration into Greek of neither Māšāʾallāh’s name nor Abū Maʿšar’s. Nevertheless, for the former the most common are Μασάλλα, Μασάλα and Μασάλης, while for the latter are Ἀπομάσαρ, Ἀπομάσσαρ, Ἀπομάξαρ, Ἀπομαζάρ and Ἀπομάσσαρος. On the title of this work, cf. PAUL KUNITZSCH, « Albumasariana », Annali dell’Università degli Studi di Napoli ‘L’Orientale’. Rivista del Dipartimento di Studi Asiatici e del Dipartimento di Studi e Ricerche su Africa e Paesi Arabi, 62 (2002), p. 19–28. For its critical edition and English translation, cf. KEIJI YAMAMOTO, CHARLES BURNETT (eds.), The Great Introduction to Astrology by Abū Maʿšar, with an Edition of the Greek Version by DAVID PINGREE, Brill, Leiden–Boston 2019 (Islamic Philosophy, Theology and Science. Texts and Studies, 106). The critical edition of this work, together with the one of the first book of the Mysteries, is in progress: I hope to publish it sooner rather than later. On this text, cf. GRAZIELLA FEDERICI VESCOVINI, « Albumasar in Sadan e Pietro d’Abano », in BIANCAMARIA SCARCIA AMORETTI (ed.), La diffusione delle scienze islamiche nel Medio Evo europeo. Roma, 2–4 ottobre 1984, Convegno internazionale, Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei, Rome 1987, p. 29–55, EAD., I Segreti astrologici di Albumasar, Nino Aragno Editore, Turin 2000 (Speculum Historiale, 2), EAD., « La versio latina degli Excerpta de secretis Albumasar di Sadan », Archives d’Histoire Doctrinale et Littéraire du Moyen Âge, 65 (1998), p. 273–330, CHARLES BURNETT, « Albumasar in Sadan in the Twelfth Century », in GIANCARLO MARCHETTI, ORSOLA RIGNANI, VALERIA SORGE (eds.), Ratio et Superstitio. Essays in Honor of Graziella 238 The Greek Fragments of the Works of Māšāʾallāh ibn Aṯarī in a three-volume compilation entitled: Apotelesmatic Mysteries of Knowledge of Abū Maʿšar in the third and in the second book, respectively. A few remarks might be made in this regard: (i) while the contents of the second and third book only are well known and surely have an Arabic equivalent, the first book consists of one hundred sixty-four chapters attributed to Abū Maʿšar whose Arabic parallels have not yet been identified; 9 (ii) the most ancient complete witness of the threevolume compilation is the manuscript Ang. gr. 29 copied in 1388 by the astrologer Eleutherios. 10 In more ancient codices (such as the Vat. gr. 1056 and the Par. gr. 2417) only excerpts – different in length – are preserved: the first book is not attested in a complete or almost-complete form anywhere except in the Ang. gr. 29 and the manuscripts related to it. The translations of Arabic astrological texts – and Abū Maʿšar’s in particular – are dated by Pingree around the year 1000 11 but, as demonstrated by Glynias on the basis of the manuscript evidence, the span of time in which they were made has to be narrowed from the late tenth to the twelfth century, depending on the texts. 12 One of the key points of Pingree’s argumentation is the dating of the contents of the astrological compendia preserved in Vat. gr. 1056: he assigned them to around the eleventh century from the horoscopes contained in the manuscript. 13 The case of the Vatican manuscript is especially relevant for the study of Abū Maʿšar’s Mysteries because, while most of the chapters of the second and third book are contiguous (fol. 194r–221v and fol. 221v–234r), the ones composing the first book are scattered throughout the whole codex and are especially found in its marginalia (often due to later hands), as emerges clearly 9 10 11 12 13 Federici Vescovini, Fédération Internationale des Instituts d’Études Médiévales, Louvain-laNeuve 2003, p. 59–68, and DAVID PINGREE, « The Sayings of Abū Maʿshar in Arabic, Greek and Latin », in Ratio et Superstitio, p. 41–58. Abū Maʿšar’s Mysteries in the form it is now preserved seems to respond to the desire of Byzantine scholars to have an anthology of most of the astrological works by the same author. On Eleutherios, cf. at least DAVID PINGREE, « The Astrological School of John Abramius », Dumbarton Oaks Papers, 15 (1971), p. 189–215, and PAUL MAGDALINO, L’orthodoxie des astrologues : la science entre le dogme et la divination à Byzance, VIIe–XIVe siècle, Lethielleux, Paris 2006 (Réalités byzantines, 12), p. 101. The identification made by Pingree, based on the horoscopes he is associated with, seems to be more convincing than Magdalino’s critiques. DAVID PINGREE, From Astral Omens to Astrology, Istituto italiano per l’Africa e l’Oriente, Rome 1997 (Serie Orientale Roma, 78), p. 63–71. See Glynias’s article in this same issue. DAVID PINGREE (ed.), Hephaestionis Thebani, Apotelesmaticorum Epitomae quattuor, B. G. Teubner, Leipzig 1973–1974 (Bibliotheca Scriptorum Graecorum et Romanorum Teubneriana. Auctores Graeci, 51.1–2), p. XXI; DAVID PINGREE, From Astral Omens to Astrology, p. 71; ANNE TIHON, « Tables islamiques à Byzance », Byzantion. Revue Internationale des Études Byzantines, 60 (1990), p. 401–425; MARIA MAVROUDI, A Byzantine Book on Dream Interpretation. The Oneirocriticon of Achmet and Its Arabic Sources, Brill, Leiden–Boston–Köln 2002 (The Medieval Mediterranean. Peoples, Economies and Cultures, 400–1500, 36), p. 399–400 and infra, p. 248–249 . 239 Luca Farina from Table 2. 14 The analysis of the manuscript tradition therefore leads to two provisional conclusions: (i) Abū Maʿšar’s Mysteries was not available in the threebook form to the compiler of the Vatican codex, and (ii) it has been assembled in this form by Eleutherios or, at least, it has been copied by him from a now-lost antigraph. 15 Considering this, it is possible to assess two further considerations: (i) as typical in astrological texts, they are organized in brief sections that are easy to be excerpted and used as needed, as confirmed by the wide circulation of their small excerpts; (ii) from the philological analysis of the manuscripts it emerges that the Vat. gr. 1056 and the Ang. gr. 29 are witnesses of two recensiones of the texts they share.16 This is especially true in the case of Abū Maʿšar’s Mysteries: not only for the second and third book, but also for the sections of the first one they both preserve. 17 The hypothesis that Vat. gr. 1056 has been used as antigraph of Ang. gr. 29 should be excluded. This can be explained by omissions and lengthy variants. 18 Another minor hint in favour of this is that, among the many hands that annotated it, neither Eleutherios’s writing nor the ones of Dionysios or his other known collaborators are recognizable. 19 The circulation of single chapters and sets of chapters is attested in the manuscript tradition. 20 Moreover, the fact that some manuscripts (i.e. Vind. phil. gr. 115) preserve chapters attributed to Abū Maʿšar that are not linked to the Mysteries allows one to suppose that the circulation of his texts was wider than the one attested today. 21 I.1. Vat. gr. 1056: Abū Maʿšar’s Mentions Looking at the manuscripts containing Abū Maʿšar’s mentions and works, it is possible to point out some details. Beside the Mysteries, the other known texts by Abū Maʿšar in Greek are some sections on catarchic and interrogational astrology 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 Supra, p. 234–235. The sections by Abū Maʿšar that are preserved in Vind. phil. gr. 115 are not included in the Mysteries, therefore it cannot be put in relation with the manuscript used by Eleutherios. CCAG, V.3, p. 7–64; V.1, p. 4–57. In this regard, cf. also the Appendix I were the two recensiones of one and the same chapter of the first book of Abū Maʿšar’s Mysteries are included. See Appendix II (Mysteries αʹ), RAÚL CABALLERO-SÁNCHEZ, « Sobre los signos que indican los deseos amorosos: problemas de autoría en torno a un texto astrológico transmitido en el Comentario Anónimo al Tetrabiblos de Tolomeo », MINERVA. Revista de Filología Clásica, 31 (2018), p. 150–153 (Mysteries βʹ) and KEIJI YAMAMOTO, CHARLES BURNETT (eds.), The Great Introduction to Astrology by Abū Maʿšar, ch. κεʹ (Mysteries γʹ). PINGREE, « The Astrological School of John Abramius ». Supra, p. 227–234. The Vind. phil. gr. 115 (early thirteenth century) contains sections on interrogational and catarchic astrology attributed to Abū Maʿšar that show affinities with the Laur. Plut. 28.34 (eleventh century). I hope soon to publish the first edition of such excerpts. 240 The Greek Fragments of the Works of Māšāʾallāh ibn Aṯarī and the Book on the Revolutions of the Years of the Nativities. Its Greek title is postulated by Pingree as « Περὶ τῆς τῶν ἐτῶν ἐναλλαγῆς », 22 and it is confirmed by two hitherto neglected mentions preserved in Vat. gr. 1056, fol. 31r–v. Both of them are included in the introduction to two anonymous lists of stars derived by the Mumtaḥan Zīğ by Yaḥyā ibn Abī Manṣūr. 23 In the first case, it is named « Ἐν τῇ τῶν ἐναλλαγῶν βίβλῳ τοῦ Ἀπομάσαρ » and conveys only an abbreviated version of the title, while in the second case it gives a more complete and literal translation of the Arabic title: « Τῆς τῶν ἐναλλαγῶν τῶν γενεθλίων βίβλου τοῦ Ἀπομάσαρ ». 24 This work is preserved in two different recensiones as well: the first one is found in Vat. gr. 191, the early Palaiologan encyclopaedia composed between the end of thirteenth century and the very beginning of the fourteenth century under the 22 23 24 PINGREE (ed.), Albumasaris, De revolutionibus nativitatum. The texts preceding the tables and the tables themselves have been studied in PAUL KUNITZSCH, « Abu Ma‘šar, Johannes Hispalensis und Alkameluz », Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft, 120 (1) (1970), p. 103–125, ID., « Die arabische Herkunft von zwei Sternverzeichnissen in cod. Vat. gr. 1056 », Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft, 120 (2) (1970), p. 281– 287, and TIHON, « Tables islamiques à Byzance ». An edition of them is in progress. On Yaḥyā ibn Abī Manṣūr, cf. at least BENNO VAN DALEN, « Yaḥyā ibn Abī Manṣūr: Abū ʿAlī Yaḥyā ibn Abī Manṣūr al‐Munajjim », in THOMAS HOCKEY (ed.), The Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers, Springer, New York 2007, p. 1249–1250, on Mumtaḥan Zīğ, cf. BENNO VAN DALEN, « A Second Manuscript of the Mumtaḥan Zîj », Suḥayl. International Journal for the History of the Exact and Natural Sciences in Islamic Civilisation, 4 (2004), p. 9–44. The translation of the text is: « On the positions of the fixed stars, according to the ninth indiction of the year 6669 (i.e. 1161), accurately compiled from three canons: the one by Abū alḤasan ibn Yūnis (al-Zīğ al-kabīr al-Ḥākimī), the one by Kūšyār ibn Labbān and the knowledge that has been found and brought by us from Egypt. And having understood the positions, we would mark [them] down here, omitting the fourteen misfortunate stars – the ones that are explained because of 20 (sic)–: we registered, indeed, the positions of those fourteen stars, to the degree that we may also find in the Book of the Revolutions by Abū Maʿšar, considering their running from that time to the abovementioned ninth indiction [sequitur tabula]. Such fixed stars move themselves from West to East, each one of them every year, by 54 and 33 ». It means that the value of the precession is: 0; 0, 54, 33° every year, 1° every 66 years. « Compiled from the Book of the Revolutions of the Nativities by Abū Maʿšar, concerning the misfortunate fixed stars, these things are what the most savant Muġnīs – accepting as reliable – showed in his Book of Nativities. Abū Maʿšar says that the destructive stars, the misfortunate ones and those infallible towards evil are fourteen, four of which are hot desire, being in temperament from the first and second length, thus: [sequitur tabula]. And other three stars are inferior to them in range and rank, thus: [sequitur tabula]. The other seven stars are cloudy, dark and dangerous and destroy life, thus: [sequitur tabula]. Acknowledge how are those position of such stars of the abovementioned ninth indiction ». As emphasized by Kunitzsch and Tihon, the authorities mentioned by the author are not used for the compilation of the list. Cf. TIHON, « Tables islamiques à Byzance », p. 407: « L’auteur byzantin les cite, peut-être parce qu’il disposait d’un manuscrit comportant aussi leurs œuvres, parmi d’autres », nevertheless the mention of these sources allows one to suppose that they were available in Greek already in the twelfth century. On the astronomical tables of Kūšyār ibn Labbān, now cf. BENNO VAN DALEN, Ptolemaic Tradition and Islamic Innovation: The Astronomical Tables of Kūshyār ibn Labbān, Brepols, Turnhout 2021 (Ptolemaeus Arabus et Latinus – Texts 2). 241 Luca Farina supervision of John Pediasimos, 25 while the second one is made in the fourteenth century by Isaac Argyros and it is preserved in one of his two astronomicalastrological compilations, the Par. gr. 2507, fol. 79r–101v, 113v–123v. 26 These lists of fixed stars, among which is mentioned a certain « ὁ σοφώτατος Μούγνης », 27 are followed by a short section by the same author: he can be identified with the Christian astrologer Ibn Hibintā (fl. 932), the compiler of the astrological anthology named the Book of the Wealth of Astrology (Kitāb al-muġnī fī aḥkām al-nuğūm). 28 Their authorship is still anonymous. Pingree advanced the hypothesis that the author could be Symeon Seth, namely on the basis of the fact that on fol. 32r 29 is preserved a short text on the axial precession attributed to him 25 26 27 28 29 For a palaeographical analysis of the codex, cf. ALEXANDER TURYN, Codices Graeci Vaticani saeculis XIII et XIV scripti annorumque notis instructi, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Vatican City 1964 (Codices e Vaticanis selecti quam simillime expressi, 28), p. 89–97 and DANIELE BIANCONI, « Libri e mani. Sulla formazione di alcune miscellanee dell’età dei Paleologi », Segno e Testo. International Journal of Manuscript and Text Transmission, 2 (2004), p. 324–330. For a more inclusive inquiry, cf. FABIO ACERBI, « Byzantine Recensions of Greek Mathematical and Astronomical Texts: A Survey », Estudios Bizantinos. Revista de la Sociedad Española de Bizantinística, 4 (2016), p. 192–195, and FABIO ACERBI, ANNA GIOFFREDA, « Manoscritti scientifici della prima età paleologa in scrittura arcaizzante », Scripta. An International Journal of Codicology and Palaeography, 12 (2019), p. 9–52. Having been attributed both to Isidore of Kiev and to John Abramios, it was penned by Isaac Argyros, as proposed in BRIGITTE MONDRAIN, « Les écritures dans les manuscrits byzantins du XIVe siècle », Rivista di Studi Bizantini e Neoellenici, 44 (2007), p. 167 and confirmed in ANNA GIOFFREDA, Tra i libri di Isacco Argiro, De Gruyter, Berlin–Boston 2020 (Transmissions. Studies on Conditions, Processes and Dynamics of Textual Transmission, 4). The other astronomical-astrological compilation by Argyros is the Laur. Plut. 28.13. To the best of my knowledge, there is only a handful of Byzantine mentions of Μούγνης. These are mostly found in the manuscript Vat. gr. 1056, at fol. 31v, 150r–v, 154v (simply mentioned), 157r and in the marginalia of fol. 147v and 148v; the excerpt preserved in the margins of fol. 147v is included in a miscellaneous chapter entitled « Περὶ καταρχῶν, διαφορά τινων σοφῶν » in manuscript Marc. gr. Z. 324 (coll. 640), fol. 316r, under the name of the same Μούγνης. Since only the Venetian excerpt has been edited, I hope to edit the text of all the excerpts attributed to Μούγνης in Greek in a future publication. For a presentation of Ibn Hibintā’s profile, cf. DAVID PINGREE, « Ibn Hibintā », in CHARLES GILLISPIE (ed.), Dictionary of Scientific Biography, 6, Charles Scribner’s Sons, New York 1972, p. 381, for the edition of his work is edited, in Arabic, cf. FUAT SEZGIN (ed.), Kitāb al-muġnī fī aḥkām al-nuğūm, Institute for the History of Arabic-Islamic Science, Frankfurt am Main 1987 (Publications of the Institute for the History of Arabic-Islamic Science. Series C, Facsimile Editions, 41.1–41.2). For other pieces of information concerning this neglected astrologer, cf. at least SEZGIN, Geschichte des arabischen Schrifttums, 7, p. 162–164, and EKMELEDDIN İHSANOĞLU, BORIS ROZENFELD, Mathematicians, Astronomers and Other Scholars of Islamic Civilisation and Their Works (7th–19th C.), Research Centre for Islamic History, Art, and Culture, Istanbul 2003, p. 30. Abū Maʿšar’s authority is mentioned in this excerpt as well: Ἔχουσι δὲ οἱ τοιοῦτοι, οὕτως καὶ ἐπειδὴ ἐν τῇδε τῇ βίβλῳ εἰσὶ καταγεγραμμένοι οἱ τοιοῦτοι ἀπλανεῖς ἀπὸ τῆς βίβλου τοῦ Ἀπομάσαρ ἄνευ τινῶν ὀλιγοστῶν, κατὰ τοῦτο περιττὸν ἡμῖν ἔδοξε καταγράψασθαι τούτους καὶ ἐνταῦθα, τοὺς δὲ μὴ ὄντας καταγεγραμμένους καταγραφόμεθα οἵτινες καὶ εἰσίν. The source of Symeon Seth is 242 The Greek Fragments of the Works of Māšāʾallāh ibn Aṯarī by the words « Τοῦ Σὴθ ἐκείνου ». 30 The presence of the word « ἐκείνου » suggests that Seth was already dead when the manuscript was copied.31 They are written by the same hand – even if the first lines of the previous text on the same folio is copied by a different scribe – but the attribution of the previous chapters on the basis of such attribution of the following texts only is fragile. Nevertheless, it is important to stress the fact that the compiler of those lists was perfectly aware of the Greek translation of Abū Maʿšar’s Book on the Revolutions of the Years of the Nativities that was already circulating around the year 1161, when the positions of the fixed stars were computed. I.2. Vat. gr. 1056: Māšāʾallāh’s Mentions Considering the translation of Māšāʾallāh’s works, it is clear that he did not benefit from such interest on the part of the Byzantines, probably because, as argued by Pingree: « The early Islamic astrology of the eighth century had become antiquated by the ninth, when Sahl ibn Bišr and Abū Maʿšar revised and systematized Māšāʾallāh’s inept and unintegrated borrowings from both the Greek and the Indo-Persian traditions ». 32 The codices mentioning Māšāʾallāh’s works number only twelve, but four of them are to be left out of the count because they preserve indirect quotations in Abū Maʿšar’s Mysteries. From the known excerpts, we do not have any preserved textual evidence that the works by Māšāʾallāh had been fully translated in Byzantium. The lack of complete translations, however, does not imply that they were not widespread and read in Greek, even in book form. The two main pieces of evidence of the existence of Māšāʾallāh’s translations in Greek are: (i) the existence of excerpts of translations in the main texts and in the margins of Vat. gr. 1056; (ii) the explicit attestation of the knowledge of Māšāʾallāh’s book by the 30 31 32 still unknown, but he explicitly mentions that the nine fixed stars he lists are missing in Abū Maʿšar’s book. For the complete edition of this short text, cf. PINGREE, « The Indian and PseudoIndian Passages in Greek and Latin Astronomical and Astrological Texts », p. 192; for an analysis, TIHON, « Tables islamiques à Byzance », p. 407–408. PINGREE, From Astral Omens to Astrology, p. 69. It is probably an excerpt of a larger work by Symeon Seth, as confirmed in MARIE CRONIER, ALESSIA GUARDASOLE, CAROLINE MAGDELAINE, ANTOINE PIETROBELLI, « Galien en procès à Byzance : l’Antirrhétique de Syméon Seth », Galenos, 9 (2015), p. 74, n. 18. MAGDALINO, L’orthodoxie des astrologues, p. 101. PINGREE, « The Byzantine Translations of Māshā’allāh’s Works on Interrogational Astrology », p. 242. 243 Luca Farina copyist and compiler of Vat. gr. 1056. On fol. 68v–69r, following a chapter on debts attributed to Hephaestion, 33 it reads: 34 Περὶ θησαυρῶν. 35 Εἰ ἐρωτηθῇς 36 περὶ θησαυρῶν, ἤγουν 37 περὶ τόπου ἐάν ἐστιν ἐκεῖσε 38 θησαυρός, 39 ἴδε 40 τὸν κύριον τοῦ ὡροσκόπου, καὶ εἰ μέν 41 ἐστιν ἐπίκεντρος ἢ καὶ 42 ὑπάρχουσιν 43 ἐν τοῖς κέντροις ἀγαθοποιοί, 44 ἔστιν 45 ἐκεῖσε 46 θησαυρός, εἰ δὲ μή, οὐκ ἔστι. 47 Εἰ δὲ βούλει 48 γνῶναι 49 ποῦ ἐστιν, ἴδε τὸν ἐπικρατήτορα ποῦ ἐστι καὶ ἐν 50 ποίῳ μέρει· 51 ἐν ἐκείνῳ γὰρ 52 τῷ μέρει ἐστὶν ὁ θησαυρός, καὶ εἰ μέν ἐστιν ἐν τῷ ὡροσκόπῳ, ἐστὶν 53 ἐν τῷ ἀνατολικῷ μέρει τοῦ οἴκου, εἰ 54 δὲ ἐν τῷ 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 On Treasures. If you are asked about treasures – that is about the place where a treasure is – consider the lord of the ascendant, and if it is in the cardine, or if the good planets happen to be in the cardines, there is the treasure. On the contrary, it is not there. If you wish to know where it is, consider where the ruling star is and in which part: the treasure is, indeed, in that part; and if it is in the ascendant, it is the eastern part of the house, while if it is in the Midheaven, it is in the southern one; if it is in the quarter in which the sun This attribution is made in the codex Vind. phil. gr. 108 [Diktyon, 71222], fol. 278r. The text supplied here has already been noticed and partially translated in PINGREE, « The Byzantine Translations of Māshā’allāh’s Works on Interrogational Astrology », p. 242. It is the result of a collation of the Vat. gr. 1056, fol. 68v–69r (V) with Neap. II.C.33, fol. 406v (N), Bodl. Cromwell 12, p. 445 (O1), Bodl. Selden Supra 17, fol. 117v (O2) and Vind. phil. gr. 108, fol. 278r (W). On the importance of the Neapolitan and of the Bodleian manuscripts, cf. ANNE TIHON, « Sur l’identité de l’astronome Alim », Archives Internationales d’Histoire des Sciences, 39 (1989), p. 3–21; EAD., « Tables islamiques à Byzance ». Περὶ θησαυρῶν] δ´ praem. V, Ἄλλως praem. O1, τοῦ Ἡφαιστίωνος praem. W, ρλβʹ add. in mg. W. ἐρωτηθῇς] ἐρωτηθεὶς VNO2. ἤγουν] om. NO1O2. ἐκεῖσε] ἐκεῖ NO1O2. περὶ — θησαυρὸς] περὶ τόπου ἐάν ἐστιν ἐκεῖ θεσαυρὸς O1O2, περὶ τόπου εἰ ἔστιν ἐκεῖ θεσαυρὸς W. ἴδε] εἴδε ante corr. N. μέν] om. W. καὶ] om. WO1O2. ὑπάρχουσιν] ὑπάρχει NO1O2. ἀγαθοποιοὶ] ἀγαθοποιὸς NO1O2. ἔστιν] εἰ praem. W. ἐκεῖσε] ἐκεῖ NO1O2W. ἐστι] ἔστιν NO1. βούλει] βούλῃ O1O2. γνῶναι] γνῶνε W. ἐστι καὶ ἐν] ἐστιν ἐν W. μέρει] μέρος W. ἐκείνῳ γὰρ] inv. ord. NO1O2W. ἔστιν] om. Ν. εἰ] οἰ W. 244 The Greek Fragments of the Works of Māšāʾallāh ibn Aṯarī μεσουρανήματι, ἐν τῷ νοτίῳ, 55 εἰ δὲ ἐν τῇ δύσει, 56 ἐν τῷ δυτικῷ, 57 εἰ δὲ ἐν τῷ βορείῳ, ἤγουν ἐν τῷ ὑπὸ γῆν, ἐν τῷ βορείῳ. 58 Καὶ εἰ μὲν ἐν στερεῷ 59 ζῳδίῳ 60 ἐστίν, ἔστι 61 κεχωσμένον 62 ἐν τῇ γῇ, εἰ δὲ ἐν δισώμῳ, 63 ἐν οἰκίᾳ 64 ὠροφωμένῃ, εἰ δὲ ἐν τροπικῷ, ἐν τοίχῳ. Καὶ 65 εἰ μέν ἐστιν ὁ ἐπικρατήτωρ 66 καὶ ὁ διέπων ἀνατολικοί, 67 ἔστι νεωστὶ κεχωσμένον, 68 εἰ δὲ δυτικοί, 69 πάλαι 70 περικεκαλυμμένον. 71 Εἰ δὲ βούλει 72 ∥ ἀκριβῶς καταλαβεῖν 73 τὸν τόπον αὐτοῦ – ἤγουν ἔνθα κεῖται ὁ θησαυρός – 74 καὶ διαγνῶναι, 75 ἀνάγνωθι 76 τὸ κεφάλαιον ὅπερ ἐξέθετο περὶ τούτου ὁ Μασάλλα, 77 πρὸς 78 τὸ τέλος τοῦ βιβλίου αὐτοῦ. 79 Ὡς γὰρ 80 ἱκανῶς ἐκεῖ σεσαφήνισται, 81 παρέλειψα τοῦτο, ἡμεῖς δὲ διὰ τοῦτόν τε λείψομεν τὸ παρὸν χαρτίον 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 sets, it is in the western one; if it is in the northern – that is in the nadir – it is in the northern one. And if it is in a fixed sign, it has been buried under the earth, while if it is in a bicorporal one, it is in a house covered with a roof, but if it is in a tropical one, it is in a wall. And if the ruling star and the following are eastern ones, it has been buried recently, while if they are southern ones, they have been hidden long time ago. But if you wish to understand and precisely know its place – that is where the treasure lies – read aloud the chapter about it that Māšāʾallāh posted up toward the end of his book. As it is explained sufficiently here, I left it out, but we left blank the present page because of it, so that when νοτίῳ] νότῳ O1O2. τῇ δύσει] τῷ δύνοντι ΝO1O2. εἰ δὲ ἐν τῇ δύσει, ἐν τῷ δυτικῷ] εἰ δὲ ἐν τῷ δυτικῷ, ἐν τῇ δύσει W. βορείῳ — γῆν] ὑπὸ γῆν, ἐν τῷ βορίῳ (sic) Ν, ὑπὸ γῆν, ἐν τῷ βορείῳ O1O2W. στερεῷ] στερρεῷ Ν. ζῳδίῳ] ζῴδιον O1. ἔστι] ἔσται O1. ἔστι κεχωσμένον] ἔστι κεχωσμένος O1, κεχωσμένος ἔστι W. ἐν δισώμῳ] ἐνδισσωμένον (sic) ΝO1Ο2, εν (sic) δυσώμῳ W. οἰκίᾳ] οἰκοίᾳ W. Καὶ] om. O1. ἐπικρατήτωρ] ἐπικρατήτης Ο2. ἀνατολικοὶ] ἐν ἀνατολῇ NΟ2, ἀνατολικὸς W. κεχωσμένον] κεχωσμένος ΝΟ1Ο2, καιχωσμένος W. δυτικοὶ] δυτικὸς W. πάλαι] πάλαιον O1. περικεκαλυμένον] περικεκαλυμμένου ΝΟ2, περικεκαλυμμένος W. βούλει] βούλῃ O1. καταλαβεῖν] καταλαβὴν W. αὐτοῦ — θησαυρός] αὐτοῦ ἔνθα ὁ θησαυρὸς κεῖται ΝO2, ἔνθα ὁ θησαυρὸς κεῖται W. καὶ διαγνῶναι] om. W. ἀνάγνωθι] ἀνάγνωσον O1. Μασάλλα] Μασάλης ΝO2, Μασάλας O1, Ἀπομαξὰρ W. πρὸς] περὶ W. Ὡς — ἐνταῦθα] ἐμοὶ γὰρ τούτο παρελήφθης ἐκεῖσε παρὰ τοῦ σαφηνισθέντος W. γὰρ] om. O1. σεσαφήνισται] σαφηνισθὲν O1. 245 Luca Farina ἄγραφον, ἵν’ ὅτε εὕρωμεν τὴν τοῦ Μασάλλα βίβλον, γράψωμεν κἀκεῖνο ἐνταῦθα. 82 we would find the book by Māšāʾallāh we will write that here. As written by the compiler, he has left blank the page – the chapter ends at fol. 69r, l. 5 – in order to fill it with the chapter on the same subject written by Māšāʾallāh that, unfortunately, he did not have available at the time. It is to be stressed that nowadays the page is completely filled by other chapters « On Treasures ». The fact that they do not match with the ones on the same subject known to be written by Māšāʾallāh in Arabic cannot allow us to assign to him their paternity. Nevertheless, it is possible to make a couple of considerations: in the first place the tendency of the copyist to fill the empty space with every astrological chapter on the same subject is clear, including an integration with different ink. For example, together with some still anonymous chapters, in the margin of fol. 66v is added a chapter from the first book of the Mysteries by Abū Maʿšar. 83 In the second place, even if an excerpt of a book by Māšāʾallāh has not been copied there, it was well known to the Byzantine complier so that he even knew the position of the chapter in Māšāʾallāh’s book (τὴν τοῦ Μασάλλα βίβλον). In conclusion, the information about the translation into Greek of Māšāʾallāh’s works are lacking: 84 only some excerpts of his works are now preserved. Some of them 85 are translations (often epitomized) of sections of the Book of Questions to Māšāʾallāh (Kitāb masāʾil Māšāʾallāh) 86 while others are probably translations both of a now-lost work, 87 and of sections preserved, in Arabic, in the miscellaneous manuscript Leid. or. 891, fol. 1r–27r. 88 As proved by Pingree, the translator of the « text partially preserved in the Leiden manuscript was certainly different from the person who translated the Kitāb masāʾil Māšāʾallāh », 89 as is inferable from the different lexical rendering of some technical words such as the indicator (dalīl). In the rest of this article, the Greek sections attributed to Māšāʾallāh are edited: for the great majority, they are preserved in the Vat. gr. 1056 only. 90 They are mostly located in the second book (fol. 67r–158v), on astrological interrogations, of the 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 πρὸς — ἐνταῦθα] om. ΝO2, ἡμεῖς — ἐνταῦθα] om. O1. The Greek text of this section is included in Appendix I. For a complete overview of what is preserved in Greek, cf. PINGREE, From Astral Omens to Astrology and ID., « The Byzantine Translations of Māshā’allāh’s Works on Interrogational Astrology ». These chapters have been identified for the first time in IBID., p. 132, nn. 41–42. This work is preserved in Arabic by one single incomplete manuscript: the İstanbul, Süleymaniye Kütüphanesi, Laleli 2122bis, copied by Ayyūb ibn Aḥmad in 1266. ID., « The Byzantine Translations of Māshā’allāh’s Works on Interrogational Astrology ». For a list of the sections that are translated into Greek, cf. supra: Table 3, p. 235–237. ID., « The Byzantine Translations of Māshā’allāh’s Works on Interrogational Astrology », p. 239. For reasons of space, on this occasion it will not be possible to present the Greek text in parallel with the Arabic original. I hope to do so in a future publication. 246 The Greek Fragments of the Works of Māšāʾallāh ibn Aṯarī manuscript: mostly in the main texts, for example on fol. 48r–50r 91 – together with a section by Rašīq ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāsib (Ῥασήκ) on fol. 49v –, 92 67r, 68v, 70r–v, 74r–75r, 90v–91r, 97r, 106r, 111r–112r; but in the margins as well: fol. 73r, 75r, 86r, 95v and 100v. A last isolated mention of Māšāʾallāh is found at fol. 242v. 93 It has been possible to add some excerpts to the Vatican corpus that are not attributed directly to Māšāʾallāh in the Vat. gr. 1056 thanks to the collation of the manuscript Bodl. Cromwell 12, p. 436, where the attribution is made explicitly.94 II. Vat. gr. 1056 The Vatican codex is « the most important witness of the proliferation of Arabic astrological works in the eleventh century ». 95 Joseph Heeg has meticulously described its contents 96 and it is often repeated that it is a fourteenth-century codex, a copy of a twelfth-century antigraph. In the following paragraph, I will argue that it is possible to retro-date the codex to at least to the thirteenth century by providing some preliminary information about its structure and dating. This aims to better read the manuscript in its context, and to understand its relevance in the overview of Graeco-Arabic manuscripts, and for the transmission of Arabic astrological knowledge in Byzantium. This short presentation will be threefold, moving from a brief description of the contents to their dating and, in the end, to the dating of the manuscript itself: 97 1. Organization of the contents: on fol. 2r–6r, inscribed in a simple decoration, there is the pinax of a five-volume compilation that reads: « Πίναξ ἀκριβὴς τῆσδε τῆς πενταβίβλου. Κατ’ ἀρχὰς τῆς παρούσης βίβλου ἐγράφησαν λόγοι σοφωτάτου τινος περὶ τῆς μαθηματικῆς τέχνης, ἤγουν περὶ τῶν χρησαμένων 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 It has to be noted that one of the sub-chapters of καʹ Περὶ τοῦ γνῶναι τὴν ἐρώτησιν ὡς ὁ σοφώτατος Μασάλλα φησίν, ἀλλὰ καὶ ὡς οἱ Ἰνδοὶ ἀπὸ τῆς μεθόδου τοῦ ἐ⟨ν⟩νάτου, τοῦ Περσιστὶ καλουμένου νουπάχρατ on fol. 48r–v, concerning Indian thought, exactly corresponds to Abū Maʿšar’s Revolutions of the Nativities, 171.4–15. This is an example of the working method of the compiler of the astrological compendium preserved in Vat. gr. 1056. The text of this small section is provided in Appendix II. This last text – edited a first time in CCAG, I, p. 81–82 and a second time in PINGREE, BURNETT (eds.), The ‘Liber Aristotilis’ of Hugo of Santalla, p. 203–204 – is the bibliographical section of the introduction to a book on genethlialogy that is lost both in Arabic and in Greek but that is preserved in Latin in the so-called Liber Aristotilis by Hugo of Santalla. Supra: Table 3, p. 235–237. PINGREE, From Astral Omens to Astrology, p. 67. On this manuscript, cf. also ALAN JONES, An EleventhCentury Manual of Arabo-Byzantine Astronomy, J. C. Gieben, Amsterdam 1987 (Corpus des Astronomes Byzantins, 3), p. 18, and Glynias’ article in this issue. CCAG, V.3, p. 7–64. An in-depth study, with a palaeographical and codicological description, will be published in the near future. 247 Luca Farina ἐθνῶν ταύτῃ πρὸς τοῦ λέγοντος ἐφάμαρτον εἶναι αὐτήν, περὶ τοῦ ὅτι ἁμαρτάνῃ ὁ ταύτην μὴ προσδέχομενος, περὶ τοῦ χρησίμου αὐτῆς καὶ περὶ τοῦ ὅτι πασῶν ἐστι τιμιωτέρα τῶν τεχνῶν ». From a codicological point of view, to be stressed is the fact that in the top margin an ancient fasciculation in Greek (β) is readable. Both the pinax and the contents are incomplete. Of the five books only the first one concerns mainly astronomy (fol. 14r–66v), the second one is about interrogational astrology (fol. 67r–158v) and the third one is on catarthic astrology (fol. 165r–193r). They are followed by the second (fol. 193v–221v) and the third book of the Mysteries (fol. 221v–234r, 24r–27v) and by other various short astrological texts (fol. 234v–244v). 2. Dating of the contents: οn fol. 1r a note dated to 1119/20 is readable; on fol. 1v an excerpt of the Introductio in astronomiam by John Kamateros composed under Manuel I Komnenos (d. 1179) is preserved; on fol. 6v–7r there are the horoscope charts for the proclamations of Alexios I and Manuel I Komnenos (1081 and 1143), and for the death of the still unknown Alexander, together with a note about Manuel’s death on 24 September 1179; 98 on fol. 15v–21r there is a short treatise on the astrolabe in 27 chapters, rich in Arabic terms; 99 on fol. 30v–33r there are lists of stars dated to 1156 and 1161 followed by astronomic tables on fol. 33v, 36r–38r, and by a list of seven climates whose limits correspond to alḪawārizmī’s ones on fol. 35v; 100 on fol. 115r–v there are horoscopes datable to 1106 and 1007. 101 Moreover, about twenty astrologers are cited coming from different backgrounds and traditions, the latest of whom is ʿAlī ibn Aḥmad alʿImrānī (d. 955). 102 There are translated texts by Muslims, Jews, Indians, Late Antique and Byzantines, both in the rich marginalia and in the main text. 103 Within the themes and the typologies of the books, the different chapters, translated from various sources (often not mentioned by name) are pulled 98 99 100 101 102 103 DAVID PINGREE, « Gregory Chioniades and Palaeologan Astronomy », Dumbarton Oaks Papers, 18 (1964), p. 138–139. As has been mentioned by TIHON, « Tables islamiques à Byzance », p. 406–407 and Glynias announced that its edition is in progress (per litteras). Cf. Ibid., p. 411–412. PINGREE (ed.), Hephaestionis Thebani, Apotelesmaticorum Epitomae quattuor, p. XXI. On ʿAlī ibn Aḥmad al-ʿImrānī, cf. İHSANOĞLU, ROZENFELD, Mathematicians, Astronomers and Other Scholars of Islamic Civilisation and Their Works (7th–19th C.), p. 79. On astrological translations in Byzantium, cf. at least MARIA MAVROUDI, « Islamic Divination in the Context of its ‘Eastern’ and ‘Western’ Counterparts », in MASSUMEH FARHAD, SERPIL BAĞCI (eds.), Falnama. The Book of Omens, Thames & Hudson-Freer Gallery of Art-Arthur M. Sackler Gallery, London-Washington DC 2009, p. 222–9/324–9; CHARLES BURNETT, « Astrological Translations in Byzantium », in MARTIN HAUSER, IOANA FEODOROV, NICHOLAS SEKUNDA (eds.), Actes du Symposium International ‘Le Livre. La Roumanie. L’Europe’ (4ème Édition : 20–23 Septembre 2011), 3, Editura Biblioteca Bucureștilor, Bucarest 2012, p. 178–83 and the bibliography listed there. PINGREE, From Astral Omens to Astrology, p. 68. 248 The Greek Fragments of the Works of Māšāʾallāh ibn Aṯarī together unceasingly, with the purpose of creating an anthology of astrological knowledge. The resulting entanglement of traditions is therefore created by the accumulation of sections into thematic unities. 3. Dating of the manuscript: the manuscript is a large codex (220 × 300 mm) counting 244 folia. It is written in its entirety on oriental paper without watermarks by various scribes and the signature marks are generally trimmed or missed. Moreover, some folia are missing and/or in the wrong order. It is dated approximately to the fourteenth century by the CCAG and by Pingree, but after an initial codicological and palaeographical exam, on the basis of the quality of the paper and of the writing style of main copyists, the common dating seems to be questioned. It seems to be more ancient and – at least for the texts that comprise the main text of the codex – to be retro-dated to the thirteenth century. 104 It seems plausible to connect them to the informal styles in which many scientific manuscripts from the late Komnenian age are written and, in particular, it is reminiscent of the quick and often abbreviated scholarly hands, like the one that compiled the codex Vind. phil. gr. 115. 105 Moreover, the proposed date of composition of the codex, on codicological and palaeographical grounds, fits well with the contents themselves, and with the astrological interests in Komnenian times. 106 104 105 106 An in-depth palaeographical study of all the hands identifiable in the manuscript could lead to a somewhat different conclusion and could allow a retro-dating of the codex to the twilight of the twelfth century: this I have been as yet unable to do, in part because of the COVID-19 pandemic, but the study is in progress. The conclusions presented here must therefore be viewed as provisional. Cf. DANIELE BIANCONI, « Età comnena e cultura scritta. Materiali e considerazioni alle origini di una ricerca », in ANTONIO BRAVO GARCÍA, INMACULADA PÉREZ MARTÍN (eds.), Proceedings of the Seventh International Colloquium of Greek Palaeography (Madrid-Salamanca, 15–20 September 2008), Brepols Publishers, Turnhout 2010 (Bibliologia, 31A–B), p. 75–96 and CIRO GIACOMELLI, « Giovanni Battista da Lion (c. 1480–1528) e la sua biblioteca greca », Quaderni per la storia dell’Università di Padova 49 (2016), p. 103–109 for a parallel with some peculiarities with the Pal. gr. 31 [Diktyon, 65764]. A study of the Viennese codex and the edition of the Arabo-Greek excerpts (i.e. Περὶ εὐθηνίας εἰδῶν καὶ κνιπείας ἀπὸ Σαρακηνικοῦ βίβλου μέθοδοι αὗται μετεγράφησαν) preserved in its very last folia (fol. 219r–226v) is in progress. For a first analysis of the manuscript and the edition of the unique existing text by al-Qabīṣī (Καπίσης) in Greek that is preserved in it at fol. 219r, cf. DAVID PINGREE, « The Greek Fragment of al-Qabīṣī », in CHARLES BURNETT, KEIJI YAMAMOTO, MICHIO YANO (eds.), Al-Qabīṣī (Alcabitius), The Introduction to Astrology. Editions of the Arabic and Latin Texts and a English Translation, The Warburg Institute–Nino Aragno Editore, London– Turin, 2004 (Warburg Institute Studies and Texts, 2), p. 371–374; for a preliminary description of the codex, cf. CCAG, VI, p. 6. On this matter, cf. at least MAVROUDI, A Byzantine Book on Dream Interpretation; MAGDALINO, L’orthodoxie des astrologues, ID., « Astrology », in ANTHONY KALDELLIS, NIKETAS SINIOSSOGLOU (eds.), The Cambridge Intellectual History of Byzantium, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2017, p. 198– 214; ANNE-LAURENCE CAUDANO, « Le ciel a la forme d’un cube ou a été dressé comme une peau: Pierre 249 Luca Farina III. Vat. gr. 1056: Māšāʾallāh’s Excerpts In this section, the excerpts explicitly attributed to Māšāʾallāh by the Greek manuscript tradition are edited. They are organized as follows: (III.1) the fragments attributed in the Vat. gr. 1056, in the order of the folia; (III.2) the few additional ones that are found both in the Vatican codex, anonymously, and in the Bodl. Cromwell 12, explicitly; (III.3) the ones that are found in the Bodleian manuscript only. Given the fact that they are often preserved by the Vatican witness as a codex unicus, I tried to follow it as closely as possible, both concerning the orthography of the words, the accentuation, and the paragraph division. I integrated the text when necessary due to lacunae, and I normalized the punctuation when necessary for a better comprehension. In the footnotes, I put the references to previous editions or to other witnesses of the excerpts: unless otherwise noted, the text is edited on the basis of the Vatican manuscript only. III.1. Fragments in Vat. gr. 1056 (i) fol. 48r–v 107 καʹ 108 Περὶ τοῦ γνῶναι τὴν ἐρώτησιν, ὡς ὁ σοφώτατος Μασάλα φησίν ἀλλὰ καὶ ὡς οἱ Ἰνδοί, ἀπὸ τῆς μεθόδου τοῦ ἐννάτου 109 τοῦ Περσιστὶ 110 καλουμένου νουπάχρατ. Περὶ τοῦ τίς ἡ ἐρώτησις ὁ Μασάλα φησίν· ὡς οὐχ εὕρομεν ἀκριβέστερον μαθεῖν τὴν ἐρώτησιν ἢ ἀπὸ τοῦ κυρίου τοῦ ὡροσκόπου. Ἵνα λάβῃς τοῦτον ὡς σημειωτικὸν ἀστέρα τῆς ὑποθέσεως – ὡσαύτως καὶ τὸν ἀστέρα τὸν ὁρῶντα τὸν ὡροσκόπον καὶ τὸν κύριον αὐτοῦ, ἐπεὶ ὁ λογισμὸς τοῦ ἐρωτῶντος ἀπὸ τοῦ κυρίου τοῦ ὡροσκόπου ἐπιγινώσκεται, καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ ὁρῶντος αὐτὸν ἀστέρος, καὶ ἀπὸ τῆς μοίρας τοῦ ὡροσκόπου – ἀλλὰ μὴ δὲ 111 τὸν ἴσως εὑρεθέντα ἀστέρα ἐν τῷ ὡροσκόπῳ καταλείψῃς, 112 μήτε μὴν τὸν ὁρῶντα ἀστέρα τὴν μοῖραν τοῦ ὡροσκόπου μοιρικῶς, 113 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 le Philosophe ou l’orthodoxie du savoir astronomique sous Manuel Ier Comnène », Byzantion. Revue Internationale des Études Byzantines, 81 (2011), p. 19–73, EAD., « An Astrological Handbook from the Reign of Manuel I Komnenos », Almagest, 3/2 (2012), p. 47–65, EAD., « Astronomy and Astrology », in STAVROS LAZARIS (ed.), A Companion to Byzantine Science, Brill, Leiden–Boston 2020 (Brill’s Companions to the Byzantine World, 6), p. 202–230, and ANNE TIHON, « Astrological Promenade in Byzantium in the Early Paleologan Period », in The Occult Sciences in Byzantium, p. 265–90, EAD., « Astrologie et astronomie à Byzance au début de l’époque Paléologue », in Liber amicorum Jacques Malherbe, Bruylant, Bruxelles 2006, p. 1037–1052. This text has been previously edited in PINGREE, « The Indian and Pseudo-Indian Passages in Greek and Latin Astronomical and Astrological Texts », p. 181–182 (P). καʹ] om. P. ἐννάτου] corr., ἐνάτου V. Περσιστὶ] corr., περσιστῆ V, Περσιστὶ corr. P. μὴ δὲ] μηδ’ὲ P. καταλείψῃς] καταλήψῃς P. μοιρικῶς] corr., μοιρηκῶς V, μοιρικῶς corr. P. 250 The Greek Fragments of the Works of Māšāʾallāh ibn Aṯarī καὶ οἷον ἂν εὕρῃς δυνατώτερον ἐκ τούτων· ἴδε 114 ἐν ποίῳ τόπῳ ἐστὶ καὶ ἐκ τούτου ἐπιγνωσθήσεταί σοι ἡ ἐνθύμησις τῆς ἐρωτήσεως. 115 ∥ Λέγουσι δὲ καὶ οἱ Ἰνδοί· ὅτι ἴδε 116 τοὺς ἀστέρας τοὺς ὁρῶντας τὸν ὡροσκόπον καὶ τοὺς ὄντας εἴς τινας τόπους τοῦ ὡροσκόπου, ὡσαύτως καὶ τὸν κύριον τοῦ ἐννάτου, ἤτοι τοῦ νουπάχρατ. Περὶ οὗ καὶ παρακατιὼν δηλωθήσεται ὅπως 117 τὸ ἔννατον εὑρήσεις. Ἴδε 118 δὲ καὶ τὸν ὁριοκράτορα καὶ τριγωνοκράτορα τοῦ ὡροσκόπου, καὶ οἷον ⟨ἂν⟩ 119 εὕρῃς120 δυνατώτερον καὶ οἰκειότερον τῷ ὡροσκόπῳ τυγχάνοντα· ἴδε 121 ἐν ποίῳ τόπῳ ἐστί, καὶ ἐκ τούτου 122 ἐπιγνωσθήσεται ἡ ἐρώτησις. Τὸ δὲ ἔννατον ὃ καὶ οἱ Ἰνδοὶ νουπάχρατ καλοῦσι γινώσκεται οὕτως· ἰστέον ὅτι τῷ τοιούτῳ ὀνόματι – ἤγουν τὸ ἔννατον – ἐστὶ διακοσίων λεπτῶν, ἤτοι τριῶν μοιρῶν καὶ τρίτου μοίρας ὀρθῆς. Ἔσται οὖν ἐν ἑκάστῳ ζῳδίῳ ἐννέα ἔννατα ὧν ἕκαστον ἔχει ἴδιον ἐπικρατήτορα. Kαὶ εἰ μὲν τὸ ζῴδιόν ἐστι Κριός, ἢ Λέων, ἢ Τοξότης123 ἔσται ἑκάστου πρώτου ἐννάτου ἐν τοῖς τοιούτοις ζῳδίοις κύριος ὁ τοῦ Κριοῦ οἰκοδεσπότης Ἄρης· τοῦ δὲ δευτέρου ⟨ἐννάτου⟩ 124 κυριεύσει ἡ Ἀφροδίτη ἡ κυρία τοῦ Ταύρου· τοῦ δὲ τρίτου ἐννάτου κυριεύσει ὁ Ἑρμῆς ὁ κύριος τῶν Διδύμων· τοῦ δὲ δʹ ἐννάτου ἡ Σελήνη ἡ κυρία τοῦ Καρκίνου· τοῦ δὲ εʹ ⟨ἐννάτου⟩ 125 ὁ Ἥλιος ὁ κύριος τοῦ Λέοντος· τοῦ δὲ ϛʹ ⟨ἐννάτου⟩ 126 ὁ Ἑρμῆς ὁ κύριος τῆς Παρθένου, καὶ οὑτωσὶ ποιῶν εὑρήσεις τὸν κύριον τοῦ ἐννάτου. 127 (ii) fol. 48v–49r 128 κβʹ 129 Περὶ τοῦ γνῶναι τὴν ἐρώτησιν καθὼς καὶ αὖθις ὁ Μασάλλα 130 φησίν, ποιήσας καὶ ὑπόδειγμα [sequitur diagramma]. ∥ 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 ἴδε] ἰδὲ P. τῆς ἐρωτήσεως] τῆς ἐρωτῶντος, τοῦ ἐρωτῶντος P. ἴδε] ἰδὲ P. ὅπως] ὅπερ P. ἴδε] ἰδὲ P. ἂν] suppl. P, abest V. εὕρῃς] εὕρῃζ P. ἴδε] ἰδὲ P. ἐκ τούτου] corr., ἐκ τοῦ τόπου V. Τοξότης] corr. P, Ταῦρος V. ἐννάτου] suppl. P, abest V. ἐννάτου] suppl. P, abest V. ἐννάτου] suppl. P, abest V. Τὸ δὲ ἔννατον — τοῦ ἐννάτου] De rev. nat., 171.4–15. The text has been previously edited in EDWARD KENNEDY, DAVID PINGREE (eds.), The Astrological History of Māshāʾallāh, Harvard University Press, Cambridge 1971 (Harvard Monographs in the History of Science), p. 179 (P). κβʹ] om. P. Μασάλλα] Μασάλα P. 251 Luca Farina Περὶ τοῦ γνῶναι τὴν ἐρώτησιν κατὰ τὸ προκείμενον ὑπόδειγμα, ὁ Μασάλλα φησίν· ὅτι ἐπειδὴ τὸ ὡροσκοποῦν ζῴδιόν ἐστι Ταῦρος, εὑρέθη δὲ ὁ Ζεὺς ἐκεῖσε· ἡ δὲ κυρία τοῦ ὡροσκόπου Ἀφροδίτη ἦν ἐν Καρκίνῳ τῷ τρίτῳ τόπῳ, ἐν τῷ οἰκείῳ αὐτῆς 131 τριγώνῳ· ἡ δὲ Σελήνη ἦν ἐν Ζυγῷ, μὴ οὖσα ἐν οἰκείῳ τόπῳ· ὁ δὲ Ἥλιος ἐν Τοξότῃ, μὴ δ’ 132 αὐτὸς ὑπάρχων ἐν οἰκείῳ τόπῳ· ὁ δὲ κύριος τοῦ κλήρου τῆς Tύχης ἦν ὁ Κρόνος, καί ἐστιν ἐν τῷ ὑπογείῳ τετάρτῳ τόπῳ. Οὐχ ἕτερός τις προεκρίθη ἀστὴρ σημειωτικὸς τῆς τοιαύτης ὑποθέσεως ἢ ἡ Ἀφροδίτη διὰ τὸ εἶναι αὐτὴν ἐν τῷ οἰκείῳ τριγώνῳ133 καὶ ἐπειδὴ ἡ οἰκοδέσποινα αὐτῆς Σελήνη ὑπάρχει ἐν Ζυγῷ τῷ τετάρτῳ τόπῳ ἀπὸ τοῦ οἴκου αὐτῆς. Ἔστι δὲ καὶ ἡ Σελήνη σημειωτικὴ τῶν μητέρων. Ἐπέγνωμεν εἶναι τὴν ἐρώτησιν περὶ μητρὸς καὶ ὅτι καὶ ἀρρωστεῖ ἡ μήτηρ διὰ τὸ εἶναι τὴν Σελήνην ἐν τῷ ἀπὸ τοῦ ὡροσκόπου ϛʹ τόπῳ. Ὁρῶντες δ’ αὖθις ἀπορρεῦσαν 134 τὴν Σελήνην ἀπὸ τῆς ἑξαγώνου συναφῆς τοῦ Κρόνου, ἐπέγνωμεν εἶναι τὴν τοιαύτην νοσηλείαν ἀπὸ ξηρότητος καὶ ψυχρότητος κατὰ τὴν τοῦ Κρόνου κρᾶσιν. Ἐπεὶ δὲ εἴδομεν εἶναι τὸν Κρόνον ἐν Λέοντι, διεγνώσθη ἡμῖν νοσεῖν τὸ κυριευόμενον μέρος τοῦ 135 Λέοντος, ἤγουν τὸν στόμαχον. Tαῦτα σκεψάμενοι, ἀναγκαῖόν ἐστι μαθεῖν καὶ εἰπεῖν ἡμᾶς καὶ τὸ τῆς νόσου ταύτης ἀποτέλεσμα, καὶ ἐπειδὴ ὁρῶμεν τὴν Σελήνην ἀπερχομένην πρὸς τετράγωνον συναφὴν τῆς ἀγαθωτάτης Ἀφροδίτης, λέγομεν ἀπαλλαγῆναι τὸν νοσοῦντα τῆς νόσου διὰ τὴν τῆς Ἀφροδίτης ἀγαθότητα. Tὸ δὲ διὰ πόσου χρόνου τοῦτο γενήσεται, ἐπειδὴ πέντε μοίρας λείπεται ἡ Σελήνη πρὸς τὸ τετραγωνίσαι τὴν Ἀφροδίτην· ⟨εἰ⟩ 136 ἔστι δὲ ἡ Σελήνη ἐν τροπικῷ ζῳδίῳ λέγομεν ἀπαλλαγῆναι τῆς νόσου ὁ νοσῶν διὰ πέντε ἡμερῶν, εἰ γὰρ ἦν ἡ Σελήνη ἐν δισώμῳ 137 ζῳδίῳ εἴπομεν ἂν μῆνας εʹ· εἰ δὲ ἐν στερεῷ ζῳδίῳ ἐνιαυτοὺς πέντε. Εἰ δὲ καὶ ἀπήρχετο 138 ἡ Σελήνη πρὸς συναφὴν τοῦ Ἄρεως, 139 ἔμελλε θανεῖν ὁ νοσῶν διὰ τὸ 140 συνεχῶς· εἰ δὲ ἦν ἡ Ἀφροδίτη ἔνθα αὐτὴ ἡ Σελήνη, καὶ 141 πάλιν εἴχομεν εἰπεῖν ὅτι περὶ μητρός ἐστιν ἡ ἐρώτησις· εἰ δὲ ἦν ὁ Κρόνος, εἴπομεν περὶ πορνείας· εἰ δὲ ἦν ὁ Ἄρης, εἴπομεν περὶ φυγάδος· εἰ δὲ ἦν ⟨ὁ⟩ 142 Ἥλιος, εἴπομεν ὅτι περὶ μεγίστου προσώπου ἐστὶν ἡ 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 αὐτῆς] αὑτῆς corr. P. μὴ δ’] μηδ’ P. τριγώνῳ] τρυγώνῳ ante corr. V. ἀπορρεῦσαν] ἀπορρεύσασαν V, ἀπορρεῦσαν corr. P. τοῦ] παρὰ add. s.l. V, om. P. εἰ] suppl., abest V. δισώμῳ] corr., δυσώμῳ V, δισώμῳ P. ἀπήρχετο] corr., ἀπέρχετο V, corr. ἀπήρχετο P. Ἄρεως] corr., Ἄρεoς VP. τὸ] τοῦτο P. καὶ] ut videtur V, ἐστίν P. ὁ] suppl., abest VP. 252 The Greek Fragments of the Works of Māšāʾallāh ibn Aṯarī ἐρώτησις· εἰ δὲ ἦν ἡ Ἀφροδίτη ἐν τῷ ἑβδόμῳ ⟨τόπῳ⟩, 143 εἴπομεν περὶ γαμικοῦ συναλλάγματος εἶναι τὴν ἐρώτησιν· εἰ δὲ ἦν ὁ Ἑρμῆς, περὶ γραμμάτων καὶ λοιπῶν ὁμοίων· εἰ δὲ ἦν ὁ Ζεὺς ἐν τῷ θʹ τόπῳ, εἴχομεν εἰπεῖν ὅτι περὶ ὀνείρων ἐστὶν ἡ ἐρώτησις. Οὕτως οὖν σκέπτου 144 περὶ τῆς ἐρωτήσεως καὶ πρόσχες μετὰ ἀκριβείας καὶ μὴ ∥ ἀμελήσῃς τι πρὸ τοῦ ἀποτελέσαι, μήτε οὖν καταφρονῇς ταῖς ἀπορροίαις τῶν ἀστέρων, ταῖς δορυφορίαις, ταῖς συναφαῖς καὶ ταῖς ὑποδοχαῖς 145 αἷς ποιεῖται ὁ εἷς ἀστὴρ πρὸς τὸν ἕτερον· πρὸς δὲ καὶ τὰς δυνάμεις αὐτῶν, καὶ τὰς κυβερνήσεις, καὶ οὐδέν τί σοι ἐπιλήσεται. (iii) fol. 49v–50r κγʹ Περὶ τοῦ γνῶναι τὸν σημειωτικὸν ἀστέρα τῆς ὑποθέσεως. Φησὶν ὁ Μασάλλα οὕτως· ὅτι ἐάν ἐστιν ὁ κύριος τοῦ ὡροσκόπου ἐν τῷ ὡροσκόπῳ, οὗτός ἐστι σημειωτικὸς ὁ δηλῶν τὴν ὑπόθεσιν· εἰ δὲ καὶ ἔστιν ἀστήρ τις ἐν τῇ μοίρᾳ τοῦ ὑψώματος αὐτοῦ καὶ ὑπάρχει ἐν τῷ ὡροσκόπῳ, λογίζεται καὶ αὐτὸς σημειωτικὸς ὡς ὁ κύριος τοῦ ὡροσκόπου· εἰ δὲ καὶ εἰσὶν ἀμφότεροι ἐν τῷ ὡροσκόπῳ, ὑπάρχουσι καὶ ἀμφότεροι σημειωτικοὶ τῆς ὑποθέσεως· εἰ δέ τις ἐκ τούτων πλείονα ἔχει μαρτυρίαν, ἐκεῖνον πρόκρινε σημειωτικόν, ἡ δὲ μαρτυρία τοιαύτη ἐστὶ τὸ συνάπτεσθαι μοιρικῶς 146 τὸν ὡροσκοποῦντα ἀστέρα παρ’ ἑτέρου ἀστέρος, καὶ εἰ ὁ 147 ἀστὴρ προκριθῇ σημειωτικός, ἐκεῖνος μέλλει δηλῶσαι καὶ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν δι’ ἣν ἡ ἐρώτησις ἐγένετο. ∥ Γίνωσκε δέ· ὅτι πᾶς ὡροσκόπος διὰ δύο ὑποβιβάζεται ὡρῶν καὶ ἐν αὐταῖς ταῖς δύο ὥραις διάφορα πάντως παρὰ τῶν ἀνθρώπων γίνονται ἐρωτήματα, καὶ ἐὰν ὁ κύριος τοῦ ὡροσκόπου ἁπλῶς οὕτως λαμβάνεται ὡς σημειωτικὸς τῆς ὑποθέσεως. Πᾶσαι αἱ ἐρωτήσεις αἱ γινόμεναι ἐντὸς τῶν δύο τούτων ὡρῶν περὶ μιᾶς ὑποθέσεως ἐμφαίνειν μέλλουσιν ὅπ⟨ερ⟩ 148 Σελήνη δοκεῖ σφαλερά, 149 ἀλλὰ καὶ ἡ Σελήνη ἴσως ἵνα συνάπτῃ ἀγαθοποιὸν ἀστέρα τὴν ὅλην ἡμέραν, ἢ καὶ μέρος τῆς ἡμέρας, καὶ διὰ τοῦτο καὶ αἱ ἐρωτήσεις ἔχουσι καὶ διαφοράς, καὶ λοιπὸν τὴν περὶ ταῦτα σκεψίν σου ἐνδέχεται ἵνα ποιῇ μετὰ ἀκριβείας. Γίνωσκε δὲ καὶ τοῦτο· ὅτι αἱ ἐρωτήσεις τῶν ἀνθρώπων πάντων οὐκ ἔχουσιν ἰσότητα ἀλλὰ μεγάλην διαφοράν· αἱ γὰρ παρὰ τῶν βασιλέων γινόμεναι πρὸς τὸν 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 τόπῳ] suppl., abest VP. σκέπτου] corr., σκέτου V, σκέπτου P. ὑποδοχαῖς] ὑπο add. s.l. V. μοιρικῶς] corr., μοιρηκῶς V. εἰ ὁ] ut videtur V. ὅπερ] suppl., ὅπ V. σφαλερά] corr., σφαλερόν V. 253 Luca Farina ἐπιστήμονα 150 ἐρωτήσεις κρίνονται, ἄλλως, αἱ δὲ παρὰ τῶν ἀρχόντων, ἄλλως, καὶ αἱ παρὰ τοῦ κοινοῦ λαοῦ, ἄλλως. Tαῦτα οὖν δεδωκώς σοι εἴδησιν, ἐὰν προσχῇς οὐχ ἀμάρτῃς, ἐπεὶ οὐκ ὀλίγην λεπτότητα καὶ ἀκρίβειαν ἔχουσιν. (iv) fol. 68v γʹ Περὶ χρέους, καθὼς φησὶν ὁ Μασάλλα. Εἰ ἐρωτηθῇς 151 περὶ χρέους, ποίησον τὸν ὡροσκόπον τῷ ἐρωτῶντι, τὸν δὲ ζʹ τόπον περὶ οὗ ἡ ἐρώτησις, τὸν δὲ Ἑρμῆν καὶ τὴν Σελήνην τὸ χρεωστούμενον· καὶ εἰ μὲν τετραγωνίζει ὁ κύριος τοῦ ἑβδόμου τὸν κύριον τοῦ ὡροσκόπου ἢ διαμετρεῖ, λήψεται τὸ χρεωστούμενον ὁ δανειστὴς βίᾳ· εἰ δὲ ἐκ τριγώνου 152 ἢ ἑξαγώνου μετὰ εἰρήνης· εἰ δὲ οὐ συνάπτει αὐτῷ, οὐδὲν λάβῃ. Καὶ εἰ εὕρῃς τὴν Σελήνην ἢ ἕτερον ἀστέρα διαπορθμεύοντα τὰς ἀκτῖνας, γενήσεται ἡ ἀποχρέωσις διὰ μέσου τινὸς ἢ πρέσβεος· καὶ εἰ ἔστιν ἡ Σελήνη ἀκάκωτος δηλοῖ ἀγαθὴν τὴν ἀποχρέωσιν· εἰ δὲ κεκακωμένη γενήσεται ἐπὶ τῷ χρέει ἀμφιβολίᾳ καὶ δίκῃ· εἰ δὲ κακοῦται ὑπὸ τοῦ Ἄρεως 153 δηλοῖ μάχας ἰσχυρὰς καὶ φιλονεικίας μεγάλας. (v) fol. 70r 154 Περὶ τοῦ πέμπτου 155 τόπου. ζʹ Περὶ παιδός, ⟨εἰ⟩ 156 γίνεται ἢ οὔ. 157 Εἶπεν ὁ Μασάλλα· 158 εἰ ἐρωτηθῇς περὶ παιδός, εἰ 159 γίνεται ἢ οὔ, ἴδε τὸν κύριον τοῦ ὡροσκόπου καὶ τὴν Σελήνην καὶ εἴπερ συνάπτουσι τῷ κυρίῳ τοῦ πέμπτου τόπου,160 ἢ ὁ κύριος τοῦ πέμπτου 161 τόπου συνάπτει τῷ κυρίῳ τοῦ ὡροσκόπου, ἢ δὲ 162 ὁ κύριος τοῦ εʹ τόπου ὑπάρχει ἐν τῷ ὡροσκόπῳ γενήσεται. Ἴδε δὲ καὶ τοὺς ἀστέρας οἳς 163 συνάπτουσιν 164 οἱ τοιοῦτοι, καὶ εἰ ὑπάρχουσιν 165 ἀκάκωτοι καὶ 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 τὸν ἐπιστήμονα] corr., τὸν ἐπιστήμον V. ἐρωτηθῇς] corr., ἐρωτηθεὶς V. τριγώνου] τρυγώνου ante corr. V. Ἄρεως] corr., Ἄρεος V. The text is edited on the basis of Vat. gr. 1056, fol. 70r (V) and Bodl. Cromwell 12, p. 446 (O1). πέμπτου] εʹ O1. εἰ] suppl., abest VO1. ζʹ Περὶ παιδός, γίνεται ἢ οὔ] om. O1. Μασάλλα] Μασάλλας O1. εἰ] om. V. πέμπτου τόπου] εʹ O1. πέμπτου] εʹ O1. δὲ] om. O1. οἳς] οὓς V. συνάπτουσιν] συνάπτουσι O1. ὑπάρχουσιν] πάρχουσιν V. 254 The Greek Fragments of the Works of Māšāʾallāh ibn Aṯarī ἔξωθεν τῶν ἡλιακῶν αὐτῶν 166 γενήσεται. Ἴδε δὲ καὶ τὸν ὡροσκόπον καὶ εἰ ἐφορᾶται παρὰ ἀγαθοποιοῦ, ἤ ἐστιν ἐν αὐτῷ ὁ κύριος αὐτοῦ, ἢ μεσουρανεῖ, ἢ ἐν τῷ πέμπτῳ 167 ὑπάρχει, ἢ ἐν τῷ ιαʹ, ὑπάρχει δὲ καὶ ὁ Ζεὺς ἐν καλῷ τόπῳ – συνὼν τοῖς τριγωνοκράτορσιν 168 αὐτοῦ καὶ μὴ ὕπαυγος – γενήσεται 169 ἡ σύλληψις. Καὶ εἰ ἔστιν ὁ κύριος τοῦ ὡροσκόπου ἐν τῷ ζʹ ἢ τῷ δʹ, ὁ δὲ Ζεὺς ἐν καλῷ τόπῳ, γενήσεται βράδιον. Καὶ εἰ εὕρῃς τὸν ὡροσκόπον κεκακωμένον καὶ τὸν κύριον αὐτοῦ ἐν κακῷ τόπῳ – ἀποκεκλικότος 170 τοῦ Διός, ἢ ὑπαύγου 171 ὄντος, ἢ ἐν τῷ ηʹ – δηλοῖ ὀλιγοτεκνίαν ἢ ὀλιγοζωίαν τῶν γεννωμένων· 172 ὡσαύτως καὶ εἰ κακοῦται ἡ Σελήνη, σύλληψις 173 οὐ γενήσεται. Ὅρα δὲ καὶ τὸν εʹ τόπον, καὶ εἰ εὕρῃς ἐν αὐτῷ ἀγαθοποιόν 174 ἢ ἐφορᾷ αὐτὸν ἀγαθοποιός, γενήσεται τάχιον. Εἰ δὲ κακοποιὸς ὑπάρχῃ ἐν αὐτῷ ἢ ἐφορᾷ 175 τοῦτον κακοποιός, οὐ γενήσεται σύλληψις. 176 (vi) fol. 72r–v 177 Περὶ τοῦ ϛʹ τόπου. 178 ιδʹ Περὶ ἀρρώστου, εἰ ὑγιαίνει ἢ οὔ. 179 Εἰ ἐρωτηθῇς 180 περὶ ἀρρώστου, εἰ 181 ὑγιαίνει 182 ἢ οὔ, ἴδε τὸν κύριον τοῦ ὡροσκόπου καὶ τὴν Σελήνην, καὶ λάβε ἐξ αὐτῶν τὸν ἐπίκεντρον, ἢ183 ἐφορῶντα τὸν ὡροσκόπον. Καὶ εἰ ἔστιν ἀκάκωτος 184 καὶ μὴ ὕπαυγος ὑγιαίνει· 185 εἰ δὲ κακοῦται 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 τῶν ἡλιακῶν αὐτῶν] τῶν αὐτῶν τῶν ἡλιακῶν O1. πέμπτῳ] εʹ O1. τριγωνοκράτορσιν] τρυγωνοκράτορσιν ante corr. V. γενήσεται] γεννᾶται O1. ἀποκεκλικότος] ἀποκεκλεικότος V. ὑπαύγου] ὑπαύγος O1. τῶν γεννωμένων] τῷ γεννωμένῳ O1. σύλληψις] σύληψις O1. ἀγαθοποιόν] ἀγαθοποιῶν O1. ἐφορᾷ] ἐν ἐφορᾷ ante corr. O1. σύλληψις] O1 add. sect. ηʹ, vd. infra, p. 270–271. The text is edited on the basis of Bodl. Cromwell 12, p. 447–449 (O1), Marc. gr. Z 335, fol. 394r (M1), and Vat. gr. 1056, fol. 72r–v (V). Περὶ τοῦ ϛʹ τόπου] ἐκ τοῦ Μασάλα praem. M1. ιδʹ Περὶ ἀρρώστου, εἰ ὑγιαίνει ἢ οὔ] om. M1O1. ἐρωτηθῇς] corr., ἐρωτηθεὶς ante corr. V, ἐρωτηθεὶς M1. εἰ] om. M1O1. ὑγιαίνει] ὑγειαίνει M1, ὑγιανῇ O1. ἢ] καὶ M1. ἀκάκωτος] ἀκάκοτος M1. ὑγιαίνει] ὑγιαίνῃ M1, ὑγιανεὶ O1. 255 Luca Farina ἀποθνήσκει· 186 καὶ εἰ συνάπτει 187 ὁ κύριος τοῦ ὡροσκόπου τῷ Ἡλίῳ, τελευτήσει· 188 εἰ δὲ 189 συνάπτει 190 ἡ Σελήνη τῷ κυρίῳ τοῦ ὡροσκόπου, 191 ὑγιανεῖ 192 τάχιον. 193 Εἰ δὲ ὑπάρχει 194 ἡ Σελήνη ὑπὸ γῆν καὶ συνάπτει ἀστέρι ὑπὸ γῆν· εἰ μὲν δέχεται ταύτην ὁ ἀστήρ, ὑγιανεῖ, 195 εἰ δὲ μὴ δέχεται, ἴδε τὸν κύριον τοῦ ὡροσκόπου καὶ εἰ μέν 196 ἐστιν ὕπαυγος ἢ κεκακωμένος197 παρὰ τοῦ κυρίου τοῦ ηʹ, τελευτήσει. Εἰ δὲ ὁ κύριος τοῦ ὡροσκόπου κακοποιὸς ὑπάρχων ἢ 198 ἐπίκεντρός ἐστι, τελευτήσει· εἰ δὲ συνάπτει ὁ κύριος τοῦ ὡροσκόπου 199 τῷ κυρίῳ τοῦ ηʹ 200 ἀπὸ τριγώνου, 201 ὑπάρχει 202 δὲ καὶ 203 ὁ κύριος τοῦ ὡροσκόπου ἐπίκεντρος, ἢ 204 ὑπάρχει πρὸς205 τούτοις ὁ 206 κύριος τοῦ ηʹ 207 ἐν τῷ ὡροσκόπῳ, δηλοῖ θάνατον. Εἰ δὲ ὁ κύριος τοῦ ὡροσκόπου ὑπάρχει ἐν τῷ ϛʹ τόπῳ, 208 ὁ δὲ κύριος τοῦ ϛʹ ἐν τῷ 209 ὡροσκόπῳ, μακρονοσήσει 210 ἄχρις ὅτου ἐξέλθῃ211 ὁ ἀστὴρ ἀπὸ τοῦ ζῳδίου ἐκείνου. 212 Ὡσαύτως καὶ εἰ συνάπτει τῷ κυρίῳ τοῦ ϛʹ, 213 βράδιον 214 ὑγιανεῖ 215 τοῦ νοσήματος αὔξησιν λαμβάνοντος. 216 Εἰ δὲ 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 ἀποθνήσκει] ἀποθάνῃ M1. συνάπτει] συνοδεύει M1. τελευτήσει] τελευτίσει M1. εἰ δὲ] καὶ εἰ M1. συνάπτει] συνάπτῃ M1. τῷ κυρίῳ τοῦ ὡροσκόπου] τῷ τοῦ ὡροσκόπου κυρίῳ M1. ὑγιανεῖ] corr., ὑγιαίνει VO1, ὑγειαίνει M1. τάχιον] add. verba alia manu V, om. M1. ὑπάρχει] ὑπάρχῃ M1. ὑγιανεῖ] ὑγιαίνει M1. εἰ μὲν] om. VM1. κεκακωμένος] καὶ praem. O1. ἢ] om. VM1. καὶ εἰ ἔστιν ὕπαυγος — ὡροσκόπου] om. M1. ηʹ] ὀγδόου O1. τριγώνου] τρυγώνου ante corr. V. ὑπάρχει] ὑπάρχον O1. καὶ] om. M1. ἢ] om. VM1. πρὸς] δὲ praem. V. ὁ] καὶ praem. V. ηʹ] ὀγδόου O1. τόπῳ] om. M1O1. ἐν τῷ] om. M1. μακρονοσήσει] μακροχρονίσει M1. ἐξέλθῃ] corr., ἐξέλθοι V, ἐξέλθει M1, διἔλθῃ (sic) O1. ἀπὸ τοῦ ζῳδίου ἐκείνου] ἀπεκείνου τοῦ ζῳδίου M1, add. verba in margine alia manu V. ϛʹ] ϛʹ τόπου M1. βραδίαν] βραδέως M1. ὑγιανεῖ] ὑγιάνει M1. λαμβάνοντος] λαμβάνοντα M1. 256 The Greek Fragments of the Works of Māšāʾallāh ibn Aṯarī συνάπτει τῷ κυρίῳ τοῦ βʹ 217 τόπου ἐξοδιάσει 218 ἐν τῇ ἀρρωστίᾳ αὐτοῦ πάμπολλα· 219 εἰ δὲ συνάπτει κακοποιῷ, καὶ ὑπάρχει ὁ κακοποιὸς ἐκεῖνος κύριος τοῦ δʹ, 220 τὸν αὐτὸν μόρον ὑποστήσεται τῷ πατρὶ αὐτοῦ· 221 εἰ δὲ ὁ κύριος τοῦ ηʹ ἐστὶν ἐν τῷ ὡροσκόπῳ, καὶ ὁ κύριος τοῦ ὡροσκόπου ἐν τῷ ηʹ 222 καὶ συνάπτει κακοποιῷ, ἐξαίφνης 223 τελευτήσει. Κακὸν δέ ἐστι 224 καὶ τὸ εἶναι τὸν κύριον τοῦ ηʹ ἐπίκεντρον, τὸν δὲ ἀγαθοποιούμενον ἀστέρα οὐ βλάπτει 225 τὸ ὕπαυγον. 226 Εἰ δὲ ὁ κύριος τοῦ ὡροσκόπου ἐστὶν 227 ὑπὲρ γῆν καὶ συνάπτει τῷ κυρίῳ τοῦ θανατικοῦ τόπου ὑπὸ γῆν ὄντι, ἢ 228 ἐν τῷ δʹ, δηλοῖ ἀπώλειαν· 229 εἰ δὲ κακοῦται ὁ κύριος τοῦ ὡροσκόπου 230 ἀπὸ τριγώνου καὶ ὁ κακῶν αὐτὸν ἀστὴρ οὐχ ὑπάρχει ἐν 231 ἐναντίῳ τόπῳ, 232 δηλοῖ μῆκος τοῦ 233 νόσου· εἰ δὲ ὁ κύριος τοῦ ὡροσκόπου ὕπαυγός ἐστι μὴ μέντοι 234 ἀπέχων τῷ Ἡλίῳ 235 πλεῖον 236 τῶν ιβʹ μοιρῶν, ἀπολεσθήσεται. 237 Ὁ 238 δὲ κύριος τοῦ ὡροσκόπου ἐν τῷ ιαʹ τόπῳ ὤν 239 καὶ 240 ἐν τῷ εʹ, 241 δυνατώτερός ἐστιν ὑπὲρ 242 οὗ 243 ἐν τῷ θʹ τόπῳ 244 καὶ ἐν τῷ γʹ, ἀποκλίματα 245 γὰρ τὰ τοιαῦτα. 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 βʹ] δευτέρου M1. ἐξοδιάσει] ἐξοδιάσῃ M1. πάμπολλα] πάμπολα O1. δʹ] τετάρτου O1. αὐτοῦ] add. verba in margine alia manu V, om. M1. ηʹ] ὀγδόῳ O1. ἐξαίφνης] ἐξεύνης M1, ἐξαύφνης O1. ἐστι] ἐστιν M1Ο1. βλάπτει] βλάπτῃ O1. ὕπαυγον] ὕπαυγος M1, add. verba alia manu V, om. M1. ἐστὶν] om. O1. ἢ] om. M1. ἀπώλειαν] ἀπόλειαν M1. ὁ κύριος τοῦ ὡροσκόπου] ὁ τοῦ ὡροσκόπου κύριος M1. ἐν] om. O1. ἐναντίῳ τόπῳ] ἐναντίῳ τί τόπῳ M1, add. verba alia manu V. τοῦ] om. M1. μέντοι] μέντι O1. ἀπέχων τῷ Ἡλίῳ] ἀπέχῃ τοῦ Ἡλίου M1, ὑπάρχει τοῦ Ἡλίου O1. πλεῖον] πλέον M1. ἀπολεσθήσεται] ἀπολεσθήσονται M1. Ὁ] Εἰ δὲ praem. O1. τόπῳ ὢν] inv. ord. M1. καὶ] ὁ M1, ἢ O1. εʹ] πέμπτῳ M1. ὑπὲρ] εἴπερ M1O1. οὗ] om. M1O1. τόπῳ] ἐστι M1, ἐστι add. O1. ἀποκλίματα] ἀποκλήματα M1. 257 Luca Farina Γίνωσκε δὲ καὶ τοῦτο· ὅτι ὁ κύριος τοῦ βʹ τόπου τὴν αὐτὴν δύναμιν ἔχει τῷ τοῦ ηʹ καὶ 246 κακῶν τὸν κύριον τοῦ ὡροσκόπου ὁμοίαν 247 ἐπάγει 248 τὴν κάκωσιν τῷ τοῦ ηʹ, ὡσαύτως καὶ ὁ ιβʹ τόπος 249 τὴν αὐτὴν δύναμιν ἔχει 250 τῷ 251 τοῦ 252 ϛʹ. ∥ Ἴσθι δὲ καὶ πῦρ, 253 ὡς τὰ τροπικὰ ζῴδια ταχέως ἐπιφέρει τὴν ὑγείαν ἢ 254 τὸν θάνατον, τὰ δὲ δίσωμα μέσως, 255 τὰ δὲ στερεὰ 256 ἐπιτείνει 257 τὴν νόσον. Κρεῖττον δὲ σχῆμα 258 τῶν ἄλλων ἐστὶ τὸ ἐφορᾶσθαι τὸν κύριον τοῦ ὡροσκόπου παρὰ ἀγαθοποιοῦ καὶ εἶναι ἐν τόπῳ καλῷ, ὥσπερ χεῖρον τὸ 259 ἐφορᾶσθαι αὐτὸν ἐπίκεντρον παρὰ κακοποιοῦ· τὸ μὲν γὰρ πρῶτον ταχεῖαν ὑγείαν 260 σημαίνει, τὸ δὲ ὕστερον ταχεῖαν ἀπώλειαν. Λάμβανε 261 ἀπὸ μὲν 262 τοῦ ὡροσκόπου τὸν ἰατρόν, ἀπὸ δὲ τοῦ μεσουρανήματος τὸν νοσοῦντα, ἀπὸ δὲ τοῦ 263 ζʹ τὴν νόσον, ἀπὸ δὲ τοῦ δʹ τὰς ἰατρείας. 264 Κακοποιοῦ 265 μὲν γὰρ ὡροσκοποῦντος, 266 οὐδὲν ὠφεληθήσεται παρὰ τῶν ἰατρῶν· εἰ δὲ ἀγαθοποιὸς ὡροσκοπεῖ, ὠφεληθήσεται· εἰ δὲ κακοποιὸς μεσουρανεῖ, αὐτὸς ὁ ἄρρωστος ἑαυτὸν βλάψει· εἰ δὲ ἀγαθοποιός, ἑαυτὸν ὠφελήσει· εἰ δὲ 267 κακοποιός ἐστιν ἐν τῷ ζʹ, 268 μεταπεσεῖται ἀπὸ νόσου εἰς νόσον· εἰ δὲ ἀγαθοποιός, αὐτομάτως ὑγιανεῖ· 269 εἰ 270 δὲ κακοποιός ἐστιν 271 ἐν τῷ δʹ, ἐπιταθήσεται ἡ νόσος αὐτοῦ διὰ τῆς ἰατρείας. 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 τὴν αὐτὴν δύναμιν ἔχει τῷ τοῦ ηʹ, καὶ] om. M1. ὁμοίαν] ὁμοίως M1O1. ἐπάγει] ἐπάγῃ O1. ιβʹ τόπος] βʹ M1. δύναμιν ἔχει] inv. ord. M1. τῷ] om. O1. τοῦ] om. VM1. ἴσθι δὲ καὶ πῦρ] ὁμοίως καὶ τούτου M1. τὴν ὑγείαν ἢ] om. M1. δίσωμα μέσως] δύσσωμα μέσα M1. στερεὰ] στερρεὰ V. ἐπιτείνει] ἐπιτείνῃ O1. σχῆμα] τὸ praem. M1. τὸ] ἔστι praem. O1. ὑγείαν] ὑγίαν M1. Λάμβανε] Λαμβάνομεν δὲ M1. ἀπὸ μὲν] ἀπὸ M1, δὲ ἀπὸ O1. τοῦ] om. O1. ἰατρείας] ἰατρίας ante corr. O1. κακοποιοῦ] κακοποιῷ M1. ὡροσκοποῦντος] ὡροσκόπῳ M1. εἰ δὲ] Ἐρμῆς O1. ζʹ] τοπῷ add. O1. ὑγιανεῖ] ὑγιανῇ M1. εἰ] lac. V. ἐστὶν] ἐστὶ V. 258 The Greek Fragments of the Works of Māšāʾallāh ibn Aṯarī Γνῶθι δὲ καὶ τὴν τριταίαν 272 τῆς 273 Σελήνης καὶ τὴν ἑβδόμην 274 καὶ τὴν ιδʹ καὶ τὴν καʹ, καὶ εἴπερ ἐν ταῖς τοιαύταις ἡμέραις ἡ275 Σελήνη συνάπτει κακοποιῷ ἐπιτείνει τὴν νόσον· εἰ δὲ ἀγαθοποιῷ ἐλαφρή.276 Ἴδε δὲ καὶ τὴν ιʹ 277 μοῖραν ἀπὸ τῆς278 Σελήνης καὶ τὴν μʹ· 279 ὅτε ἔλθῃ ἐν αὐταῖς ἡ 280 Σελήνη, καὶ εἰ μὲν συνάπτει ἀγαθοποιῷ, ὑγείαν δηλοῖ· εἰ δὲ κακοποιῷ, ἐπιτείνει τὴν νόσον, 281 εἰ μή γε 282 ὁ θεὸς αὐτὸν βοηθήσει. 283 (vii) fol. 73r Περὶ ἰατρείας. Λέγει ὁ Μασάλλα· ὡς εἰ ἐρωτηθῇς περὶ ἰατρείας, ἔστιν ὠφελημένος. Σκέπτου 284 285 τὰ περὶ τῆς ἰατρείας ἀπὸ τοῦ ζʹ τόπου, †γέγονας τοῦ ἐναντίου τῆς νόσου.† Πῶς βλέπεις εἴτε καλῶς εἴτε κακῶς τὸν κύριον τοῦ ὡροσκόπου; Καὶ εἰ μέν ἐστιν ἀγαθοποιὸς, δὲ ἀγαθύνει τὸν κύριον τοῦ ὡροσκόπου, ὠφεληθήσεται ὁ νοσῶν ἀπὸ τῆς ἰατρείας· εἰ δὲ κακοῖ αὐτόν, βλαβήσεται ὑπὸ τῆς τοιαύτης ἰατρείας. (viii) fol. 74r–v ιϛʹ Περὶ δούλου, εἰ ἐλευθεροῦται ἢ μεταβήσεται πρὸς ἑτέραν δεσποτείαν, ἢ πραθήσεται ἢ οὔ, ἢ εἰ ἐρωτηθῇς 286 παρά τινος ἐπιζητοῦντος δουλεύειν τινά. Εἶπεν ὁ Μασάλλα· εἰ ἐρωτηθῇς περὶ δούλου, εἰ ἐλευθεροῦται ἢ οὔ, ἴδε τὸν κύριον τοῦ ὡροσκόπου καὶ τὸν ἐπικρατήτορα, καὶ εἰ εὕρῃς τὸν δυνατώτερον αὐτῶν ἀπορρέοντα ἀπὸ τοῦ κυρίου τοῦ μεσουρανήματος ἢ τοῦ Ἡλίου, καὶ μὴ συνάπτοντά τινι, λέγε ἐλευθεροῦσθαι τὸν δοῦλον. Εἰ δὲ μὴ οὕτως ἔχει, οὐκ ἐλευθεροῦται. Εἰ δὲ ἐρωτήσει σε δοῦλος ἆρα πρὸς ἑτέραν δεσποτείαν μεταβήσεται ἢ οὔ, ἴδε τὸν κύριον τοῦ ὡροσκόπου καὶ εἰ ἔστιν ἐπίκεντρος καὶ μὴ συνάπτων ἑτέρῳ ἀστέρι, οὐ μεταβήσεται· εἰ δὲ συνάπτει τῷ κυρίῳ τοῦ τρίτου τόπου ἢ τοῦ ἐννάτου δηλοῖ μετάβασιν· εἰ δὲ βλάπτεται ὁ κύριος τοῦ ὡροσκόπου τῇ συνόδῳ, ἢ τῇ διαμέτρῳ, ἢ 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 τριταίαν] γʹ M1. τῆς] om. M1. καὶ τὴν ἑβδόμην] om. M1, καὶ τὴν ζʹ O1. ἡ] om. M1. ἐλαφρή] corr., ἐλαφροῖ VM1O1. ιʹ] ἴσην O1. τῆς] om. V. μʹ] οὖσαν O1. ἡ] om. M1. τὴν νόσον] om. M1. γε] om. O1. αὐτὸν βοηθῆσει] βοηθῆσει αὐτῷ M1, βοηθῆσει O1. Σκέπτου] corr., Σκέψω V. τὰ] ut videtur V. ἐρωτηθῇς] corr., ἐρωτηθεὶς V. 259 Luca Farina τῷ τετραγώνῳ τοῦ κακοποιοῦ, ἢ ὕπαυγός ἐστι, τελευτήσει ὁ δοῦλος πρὸ τοῦ μεταστῆναι. Εἰ δὲ ἐρωτηθῇς 287 περὶ δούλου, ἆρα ἀγορασθήσεται ἢ οὔ, ἴδε τὸν κύριον τοῦ ὡροσκόπου καὶ τὴν Σελήνην, καὶ εἰ συνάπτουσι τῷ κυρίῳ τοῦ ϛʹ ἢ συνάπτει ὁ κύριος τοῦ ϛʹ αὐτοῖς καὶ ὑπάρχει ὁ κύριος τοῦ ὡροσκόπου ἢ ἡ Σελήνη ἐν τῷ ϛʹ, ἢ ὁ κύριος τοῦ ϛʹ ἐν τῷ ὡροσκόπῳ, ἀγορασθήσεται. Εἰ δὲ ἐρωτηθῇς 288 περὶ δούλου, ἆρα πραθήσεται ἢ οὔ, ἴδε τὸν κύριον τοῦ ὡροσκόπου καὶ τὴν Σελήνην, καὶ εἰ συνάπτουσι τῷ κυρίῳ τοῦ γʹ τόπου, ἢ τοῦ ἐννάτου πραθήσεται· καὶ εἰ ὑπάρχουσιν ἐν τῷ ϛʹ πραθήσεται· καὶ εἰ συνάψουσι κακοποιῷ πραθήσεται· εἰ δὲ ἡ Σελήνη συνάπτει τῷ κυρίῳ τοῦ τρίτου, ἢ τοῦ θʹ, πραθήσεται. Εἰ δὲ ἐρωτηθῇς 289 παρά τινος ἐπιζητοῦντος τινὰ δουλεύειν αὐτῷ, ∥ ποίησον τὸν μὲν ὡροσκόπον τῷ ἐρωτῶντι τῷ δὲ ἑβδόμῳ τόπῳ τῷ ἀνθρώπῳ ἀφ’ οὗ ἐπιζητεῖς τὸν δουλεύσαντα, τὸν δὲ δωδέκατον τόπον τῷ δουλεύοντι, καὶ ἴδε τὰς συναφὰς ἀλλήλων καθὼς προείπομεν, καὶ κατ’ ἐκείνας ἀποτέλεσον. (ix) fol. 74v–75r Περὶ τοῦ ἑβδόμου τόπου. ιζʹ Περὶ γαμικοῦ συναλλάγματος, ⟨εἰ⟩ 290 γίνεται ἢ οὐ γίνεται. Εἶπεν ὁ Μασάλλα· εἰ ἐρωτηθῇς περὶ γαμικοῦ συναλλάγματος ⟨εἰ⟩ 291 γίνεται ἢ οὔ, λάβε τὸν ὡροσκόπον, καὶ τὸν κύριον αὐτοῦ, καὶ τὸν Ἥλιον τῷ ἀνδρί· τὸν δὲ ζʹ τόπον, καὶ τὸν κύριον αὐτοῦ, καὶ τὴν Ἀφροδίτην τῇ γυναικί. Εἰ δέ ἐστιν ἡ ἐρώτησις περὶ συνουσίας, λάβε τὸν ὡροσκόπον, καὶ τὸν κύριον αὐτοῦ, καὶ τὴν Σελήνην· καὶ εἰ μὲν συνάπτει ὁ κύριος τοῦ ὡροσκόπου τῷ κυρίῳ τοῦ ἑβδόμου, τεύξεται τοῦ θελήματος αὐτοῦ ὁ ἐρωτῶν, ὡσαύτως καὶ ἐὰν ὑπάρχῃ ὁ κύριος τοῦ ὡροσκόπου καὶ ἡ Σελήνη ἐν τῷ ἑβδόμῳ· εἰ δὲ ὁ κύριος τοῦ ζʹ συνάπτει τῷ κυρίῳ τοῦ ὡροσκόπου, ἢ ὡροσκοπεῖ, εὐχερῶς τεύξεται τοῦ ποθουμένου. Εἰ δὲ ἡ Σελήνη διαπορθμεύει τὴν ἀκτῖνα τοῦ ἑνὸς ἐπὶ τὸν ἑτέρον, τεύξεται τῆς γυναικὸς διὰ μέσου τινός, ὡσαύτως καὶ εἰ ἡ Σελήνη ἀκάκωτος μεσουρανεῖ.292 Εἶτα ἴδε καὶ τὸν ἐπικρατήτορα, 293 καὶ εἰ ἔστι κεκακωμένος, 294 ἢ τεταπεινωμένος, ἀποτυχίαν δηλοῖ μετὰ εὐόδωσιν· καὶ εἰ μὲν ὁ 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 ἐρωτηθῇς] corr., ἐρωτηθεὶς V. ἐρωτηθῇς] corr., ἐρωτηθεὶς V. ἐρωτηθῇς] corr., ἐρωτηθεὶς V. εἰ] suppl., abest V. εἰ] suppl., abest V. μεσουρανεῖ] add. verba alia manu V. ἐπικρατήτορα] corr., ἐπικράτορα V, add. verba alia manu V. κεκακωμένος] post corr. V. 260 The Greek Fragments of the Works of Māšāʾallāh ibn Aṯarī κακῶν ἀστὴρ ὑπάρχει κύριος τοῦ βʹ ἢ τοῦ ηʹ, 295 ὁ ἐμποδισμὸς γενήσεται διὰ τὸν ἀρραβῶνα· εἰ δὲ κύριος ὑπάρχει ὁ κακοποιὸς τοῦ δʹ τόπου, ἐμποδισθήσεται διὰ γονεῖς, 296 καὶ τῷ αὐτῷ τρόπῳ ἀποφαίνου περὶ τῶν λοιπῶν οἴκων· εἰ δὲ κακοποιὸς ὑπάρχει ὁ διαπορθμεύων τὰς ἀκτῖνας, γενήσεται ὁ ἐμποδισμὸς ἀπὸ τοῦ μεσιτεύοντος· εἰ δὲ κύριος ὑπάρχει τοῦ ϛʹ τόπου, χείριστον, ἢ τοῦ ηʹ τόπου, ἢ τοῦ βʹ, ἢ τοῦ ιβʹ, ἢ τοῦ δʹ, ἢ ὑπάρχει ἐν στερεῷ 297 ζῳδίῳ. Καὶ εἰ ὡροσκοπεῖ δίσωμον ζῴδιον, ὁ μὲν ἀνὴρ θελήσει τὴν γυναῖκα, ἡ δὲ γυνὴ ἑτέρῳ συζυγήσεται· εἰ δὲ ὁ δηλῶν ἀστὴρ τὰ τῆς γυναικὸς ἐπίκεντρος ὑπάρχει, τάχιον συζυγήσεται ∥ ἑτέρῳ ἀνδρὶ παρὰ τὸν ἄνδρα· εἰ δὲ ὁ κύριος τοῦ ὡροσκόπου δυνατώτερός ἐστι, πρότερον εἰς τὸν γάμον ἔλθῃ ὁ ἀνὴρ ἤπερ ἡ γυνή. Καὶ εἰ μὲν διαμετροῦσιν οἱ δηλοῦντες ἀστέρες τὸν ἄνδρα καὶ τὴν γυναῖκα, μάχας δηλοῦσιν καὶ ἀντιλογίας· εἰ δὲ τετραγωνίζουσιν, ἀλλήλας κακοηθείας μετὰ πολλῆς ἀκηδίας· εἰ δὲ τριγωνίζουσιν, ἢ ἑξαγωνίζουσι, δηλοῦσιν 298 ἀγάπην καὶ καλοήθειαν· εἰ δὲ συνοδεύουσιν, ἀκηδίας δηλοῦσιν. Εἰ δὲ ἡ Σελήνη ἐπιβλέπει τὸν ὡροσκόπον κεκακωμένη, κακοῦνται ἀμφότεροι· καὶ εἰ μὲν ὁ κακοποιός ἐστιν ἐν τῷ ὡροσκόπῳ, δηλοῖ τὴν κάκωσιν ἀπὸ τοῦ ἀνδρός· εἰ δὲ ἐν τῷ ἑβδόμῳ, ἀπὸ τῆς γυναικός· εἰ δὲ κακοῦται ὁ Ἥλιος, βλαβήσεται ὁ ἀνήρ· εἰ δὲ ἡ Ἀφροδίτη, βλαβήσεται ἡ γυνή· εἰ δὲ ἡ Σελήνη, βλαβήσονται ἀμφότεροι. 299 (x) fol. 75r Εἶπεν ὁ Μασάλα· ὡς ὅτε γένηται συνουσία μέσον ἀνδρὸς καὶ γυναικὸς ἐνυπάρχει, ⟨εἰ⟩ 300 ὁ ὡροσκόπος καὶ ἡ Σελήνη ⟨ἐ⟩ν 301 ζῳδίοις ἀρρενικοῖς, προτελευ⟨τή⟩σει 302 ὁ ἀνὴρ· ⟨εἰ⟩ 303 δὲ ἐν θηλυκοῖς, προτελευ⟨τή⟩σει 304 ἡ γυ⟨ναική⟩· 305 εἰ δὲ ἐν δισώμοις, τελευτήσωσι καὶ ἀμφότεροι μετὰ παρέλευσιν ὀλιγοστοῦ καιροῦ α⟨ὐτ⟩ὸς 306 τοῦ ⟨ἑ⟩τέρου· 307 εἰ δὲ ὁ ⟨ὡροσκόπος⟩ 308 μὲν ἐν ἀρρενικῷ ζῳδίῳ, ἡ ⟨Σελήνη⟩ 309 δὲ ἐν θηλυκῷ, ἢ τὸ ἔμπαλιν, ἀποτέλει ἐκ τῶν πλειόνων. 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 ηʹ] add. verba alia manu V. γονεῖς] add. verba alia manu V. στερεῷ] corr., στερρεῷ V. δηλοῦσιν] corr., δηλοῖ V. ἀμφότεροι] add. verba alia manu V. εἰ] suppl., abest V. ἐν] ἐ suppl., abest V. προτελευτήσει] τή suppl., abest V. εἰ] suppl., abest V. προτελευτήσει] τή suppl., abest V. γυναική] ναική suppl., abest V. αὐτὸς] ὐτ suppl., abest V. ἑτέρου] ἑ suppl., abest V. ὡροσκόπος] suppl., abest V. Σελήνη] suppl., abest V. 261 Luca Farina Περὶ δὲ τοῦ εἰ ἐλπίζεται τὸ αὖθις γενέσθαι, μέλλει ἐμποδισθῆναι, ἴδε τὸν ἐμποδίζοντα κακοποιὸν ἢ τὸν κακοῦντα, καὶ ἐὰν ᾖ φίλος τοῦ κυρίου τοῦ ὡροσκόπου, γενήσεται αὖθις. (xi) fol. 86r 310 †[…] 311 τὸν Μασάλα ἐρώτησιν.† 312 Ὁ Μασάλα τὸ τοιοῦτον ἐξέθετο θεμάτ⟨ιον⟩ 313 καὶ τὴν ἀπόφασιν ταύτην πεποίηκε· 314 ἔλαβον πρόσωπον τοῦ ἐρωτήσαντος τὸν ὡροσκόπον, τὸν κύριον αὐτοῦ καὶ τὸν Κρόνον ἀφ’ οὗ ἡ Σελήνη ἀπέρρευσε· 315 πρόσωπον δὲ τοῦ ἐναντίου τὸ δῦνον, τὸν κύριον αὐτοῦ, καὶ τὴν Ἀφροδίτην τὴν παρὰ τῆς Σελήνης συναπτομένην. Λοιπὸν οἱ μὲν τοῦ ἐρωτήσαντός εἰσιν ἀστέρες ὑψηλοί, τοῦ δὲ ἐναντίου χαμηλοί. Εὑρέθη γοῦν ὁ Ζεὺς ἐν τῷ ϛʹ τόπῳ ὑποποδίζων, τοῦ Ἄρεως ἀπερχομένου διαμετρῆσαι αὐτὸν ἀπὸ τοῦ ιʹ 316 οἴκου· ὁ δὲ Κρόνος εὑρέθη μὲν ἐν τῷ ιβʹ ἐν ᾧ δὲ τό⟨πῳ⟩ 317 χαίρει· ὁ δέ γε Ἑρμῆς καὶ ἡ Ἀφροδίτη ἐν τῷ ιʹ τόπῳ εὑρέθησαν, οἳ καὶ διατοῦτο 318 δηλοῦσι δύναμιν τὸν ἐχθρὸν ἔχειν ὅτε ἐστ⟨ίν⟩. 319 Ὁ Ἑρμῆς καὶ ἡ Ἀφροδίτη ἐν τῷ Ζυγῷ εἰσὶν ἀκάκωτοι, ὅτε δὲ ἐν τῷ Σκορπίῳ εἰσὶ θάτεροι. Ζήτει ἐκεῖθεν, 320 ἐν ᾧ τόπῳ ἐστὶν ὁ Ἄρης, ἀπολεσθήσεται ὁ ἐχθρός. Διὰ τὸ εἶναι τοὺς σημαντικοὺς τούτους ἀστέρας στερεοὺς 321 καὶ τοὺς σημαντικοὺς τοῦ ἐρωτήσαντος ἀστέρας ὑψηλοὺς ἢ μέντοι ὑπερτέρους τοῦ ἐρωτήσαντος, κατὰ τοῦ ἐναντίου οὐ ῥᾳδίου γενήσεται ἀλλὰ μετὰ δυσχερείας μεγάλης καὶ περιστάσεως δὲ μετὰ τὸ καὶ ἡττηθῆναι αὐτὸν παρὰ τοῦ ἐναντίου. Ἀπετελέσθη ἡ κρίσις ὡς ἐκρίθη παρὰ τοῦ τοιούτου σοφοῦ Μασάλα. (xii) fol. 90v–91r Περὶ τοῦ ἐννάτου τόπου. λϛʹ Περὶ ἀποδημίας, ⟨εἰ⟩ 322 γίνεται ἢ οὔ. 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 The text has been previously partially edited in KENNEDY, PINGREE (eds.), The Astrological History of Māshāʾallāh, p. 180 (P). The folium is trimmed, but traces of writing are visible in the upper right margin. ἐρώτησιν] ἐρώτησεν P. θεμάτιον] ιον suppl., abest V. πεποίηκε] πεποίηκεν P. ἀπέρρευσε] ἀπέρρευσεν P. ιʹ] ιβʹ P. τόπῳ] lac. P, πῳ suppl., abest V. διατοῦτο] διὰ τοῦτο P. ἐστίν] ίν suppl., abest V. ἐκεῖθεν] des. P, ⟨ἐ⟩κ τῶν κακοποιῶν add. P. στερεοὺς] corr., στερρείους V. εἰ] suppl., abest V. 262 The Greek Fragments of the Works of Māšāʾallāh ibn Aṯarī Εἶπεν ὁ Μασάλλα· εἰ ἐρωτηθῇς 323 περὶ ἀποδημίας ⟨εἰ⟩ 324 γίνεται ἢ οὔ, ἴδε τὸν κύριον τοῦ ὡροσκόπου, καὶ τὸν κύριον τοῦ θʹ τόπου, καὶ εἰ συνάπτουσιν ἀλλήλοις, δηλοῦσιν ἀποδημίαν· εἰ δὲ πρὸς τούτοις καὶ ὁ κύριος τοῦ θʹ ὡροσκοπεῖ, ταχεῖαν ποιεῖται τὴν ἀποδημίαν, ὡσαύτως καὶ ἐὰν ὁ κύριος τοῦ ὡροσκόπου καὶ ἡ Σελήνη ὑπάρχουσιν ἐν τῷ θʹ, ὁ δὲ κύριος τοῦ θʹ ἐν τῷ ὡροσκόπῳ, γενήσεται ∥ αὐτῷ κίνησις· καὶ εἰ μὲν ὁ κύριος τοῦ ὡροσκόπου ἐστὶν ἀκάκωτος, εὐτυχῆ δηλοῖ τὴν κίνησιν· εἰ δὲ κεκακωμένος ᾖ ἐν μέντοι τῷ κυρίῳ τοῦ οἴκου αὐτοῦ, δυσχέρειαν δηλοῖ καὶ ἐν Καρκίνῳ δίσωμον. Καὶ εἰ εὕρῃς τὸν κύριον τοῦ ὡροσκόπου καὶ τὸν κύριον τοῦ θʹ τόπου συνάπτοντας ἀστέρι βαρεῖ, καὶ ὁ ἀστὴρ ἐκεῖνος ὁ βαρὺς ἐπιβλέπει τὸν τόπον τῆς ἀποδημίας, δηλοῖ ἀποδημίαν· 325 εἰ δὲ ὁ κύριος τοῦ ὡροσκόπου ἐπίκεντρός ἐστι, καὶ συνάπτει τῷ κυρίῳ τοῦ γʹ τόπου, δηλοῖ ἀποδημίαν· εἰ δὲ ὁ κύριος τοῦ ὡροσκόπου ἐστὶν ἐν τῷ θʹ, ἢ ἐν τοῖς ἀριστεροῖς τόποις τοῦ ὡροσκόπου, καὶ δέχεται τὴν δύναμιν τοῦ σημειωτικοῦ ἀστέρος, δηλοῖ δυσχέρειαν. Ὡσαύτως καὶ ὅτε ἐστὶν ὁ κύριος τοῦ ὡροσκόπου ἐν τοῖς δεξιοῖς μέρεσι τοῦ ὡροσκόπου καὶ συνάπτει τῷ σημειωτικῷ ἀστέρι ἀπὸ τῶν ἀριστερῶν μερῶν τοῦ ὡροσκόπου, τὸ αὐτὸ δηλοῖ. Εἰ δὲ κακοποιὸς ὡροσκοπεῖ, ἐμπόδιον ποιήσει· εἰ δὲ ἐν τῷ ζʹ ὑπάρχει, μαθήσεται αὐτὸν τόπον ἐκεῖνον πρὸς ὃν μέλλει ἀπελθεῖν φήμην τινὰ κλείουσαν αὐτὸν τῆς ὁδοιπορίας· εἰ δὲ μεσουρανεῖ ὁ κακοποιός, ἐξουσιαστικῇ δυνάμει ἀποδημήσει. Εἰ δὲ ὁ κύριος τοῦ ὡροσκόπου συνάπτει τῷ κυρίῳ τοῦ θʹ, εἶτα μετ’ ἐκεῖνον συνάψει κακοποιῷ, ἐκ διαμέτρου ἢ τετραγώνου ἢ ἐκ συνόδου πείσεται δεινὰ κατὰ τὴν φύσιν τοῦ ἀστέρος καὶ τοῦ τόπου οὗ κυριεύει· εἰ μὲν γὰρ ⟨κυρ⟩ιεύει326 τοῦ ϛʹ ἀπὸ νόσου· εἰ δὲ τοῦ ιβʹ ἀπὸ συνόδου, καὶ φυσικοῦ καὶ ἔχθρας καὶ λυπήσει· εἰ δὲ τοῦ ηʹ ἀπὸ κινδύνου. Ὁ δὲ κύριος τοῦ ιβʹ ἢ τοῦ ζʹ, κακοποιὸς ὢν καὶ συνάπτων τῷ κυρίῳ τοῦ ὡροσκόπου μετὰ τὴν πρὸς τὸν κύριον τοῦ θʹ συναφὴν αὐτήν, δηλοῖ βλάβην παρὰ λʹ τῶν ἀστέρων· καὶ εἰ μὲν ἀπὸ τοῦ ὡροσκόπου ἐστὶν ὁ συσχηματισμός, δέ ἐστι περὶ φωνῆς, εἰ δὲ ἀπὸ τοῦ μεσουρανήματος περὶ ἀπωλείας πλούτου. Εἶτα ἴδε καὶ τὸ σημειωτικὸν ἀστέρα, καὶ εἰ μέν ἐστιν ἀγαθοπεποιημένος εὐόδωσιν δηλοῖ· εἰ δὲ τὸ ἐναντίον 327 δυσχέρειαν. Εἶτα ἴδε καὶ περὶ τοῦ σημειωτικοῦ ἀστέρος 328 ὡς ἔσται περὶ τοῦ κυρίου τοῦ ὡροσκόπου, καὶ εἰ μὲν συνάπτει ἀστέρι τινὶ ἐν τῷ γʹ, ἢ τῷ θʹ τόπῳ ἀλλοτρίως ἐνυπάρχει, δηλοῖ ἀποδημίαν· εἰ δὲ καὶ ἡ Σελήνη ἐπίκεντρός ἐστιν, ἐπιτείνει τὴν τῆς ἀποδημίας ταχυτῆτα. Εἰ δὲ μὴ συνάπτει τινὶ τῶν ἀστέρων, ἐν τοῖς δηλωθεῖσιν τόποις ὑπάρχει, ἀλλὰ ⟨εἰ⟩ 329 συνάπτει τῷ κυρίῳ τοῦ θʹ τόπου καὶ τοῦ γʹ, ὑπάρχει ἐν 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 ἐρωτηθῇς] corr., ἐρωτηθεὶς V. εἰ] suppl., abest V. ἀποδημίαν] post. corr. V, ἐν αὐτῷ post ἀποδημίαν del. V. κυριεύει] κυρ suppl., abest V. ἐναντίον] corr., ἔννατον V. ἀστέρος] ἤγουν τῆς Σελήνης add. in marg. V. εἰ] suppl., abest V. 263 Luca Farina ἀλλοτρίοις ζῳδίοις, καὶ οὕτως ἀποδημίαν δηλοῖ. Εἰ δὲ ὁ κύριος τοῦ ὡροσκόπου καὶ τοῦ θʹ τόπου ἐν τοῖς κέντροις ὦσιν, ἐμποδισμὸν δηλοῦ⟨σιν⟩330 καὶ ἀργίαν· εἰ δὲ ἡ Σελήνη συνάπτει τῷ κυρίῳ τοῦ θʹ τόπῳ, ἢ τῷ κυρίῳ τοῦ γʹ τόπου, καὶ ὑπάρχουσιν οἱ τοιοῦτοι ἀστέρες ἐν ἀλλοτρίοις ζῳδίοις, ἢ συνάπτουσιν ἀστέρι ἀλλοτρίῳ ἐν τοῖς τοιούτοις τόποις, ἀποδημίαν δηλοῖ. (xiii) fol. 95v 331 Τὸ τοιοῦτον θεμάτιόν ἐστιν ⟨ἐ⟩ρωτήσεως332 γενομένης παρά τινος πρὸς τὸν Μασάλα περὶ παραμονῆς καταρχῆς, ἢ ἐξελεύσεως ἀπὸ τῆς ἀρχῆς αὐτοῦ. Ἐσκεψάμην τὴν τοιαύτην ἐρώτησιν καὶ εὗρον τὸν μὲν κύριον τοῦ ὡροσκόπου ἐν τῷ ιαʹ τόπῳ, τὴν δὲ Σελήνην ἐν τῷ Λέοντι τῷ εʹ τόπῳ μὴ ὁρῶσαν μὲν τὸν οἰκοδεσπότην αὐτῆς, διαμετροῦσαν δὲ τὸν Ἄρην. Ὁ δὲ τριγωνοκράτωρ τοῦ ὡροσκόπου καὶ ὑψοκράτωρ, Ἥλιος, εὑρέθη ἐν τῷ μεσουρανήματι ἐν ζῳδίῳ τροπικῷ, οἰκοδεσπότης ὢν καὶ τῆς Σελήνης· ὁ δὲ οἰκοδεσπότης τοῦ μεσουρανήματος, Κρόνος, εὑρέθη ἐν τῷ τῆς ἀποβάσεως τόπῳ ζῳδίῳ τροπικῷ ὑποποδισμένος, διὰ γοῦν τὸ εἶναι τὰ ζῴδια τοῦ τε μεσουρανήματος καὶ τοῦ δʹ τόπου τροπικά, καὶ τὸν κύριον τοῦ μεσουρανήματος, Κρόνον, ἐν ζῳδίῳ τροπικῷ ὑποποδισμένον, δηλοῖ τὸ ἐξωσθῆναι τὸν ἀρχηγὸν ἀπὸ τῆς ἀρχῆς αὐτοῦ. Ἀπετελέσθη 333 οὕτως κατὰ τὴν τοῦ τοιούτου σοφοῦ κρίσιν. (xiv) fol. 97r νγʹ Περὶ ἀνδρὸς ἐρωτῶντος εἰ προσληφθήσεται παρὰ βασιλέως, ἢ ἐξουσιαστοῦ. Εἶπεν ὁ Μασάλλα· εἰ ἐρωτηθῇς παρά τινος ἄρά γε δύναται οἰκειωθῆναι πρὸς βασιλέα, ἢ ἐξουσιαστὴν ἢ οὔ, ἴδε τὸν κύριον τοῦ ὡροσκόπου καὶ τὸν σημειωτικὸν ἀστέρα, 334 καὶ εἰ συνάπτουσιν ἀμφότεροι τῷ κυρίῳ τοῦ μεσουρανήματος, ἢ ὑπάρχουσιν ἀμφότεροι ἐν τῷ μεσουρανήματι, λέγε καταλαβεῖν τὸν ἐρωτῶντα καὶ ἐπιτυχεῖν τῆς ἐφέσεως αὐτοῦ· εἰ δὲ οὐ συνάπτουσι, λέγε οὔ.335 330 331 332 333 334 335 δηλοῦσιν] σιν suppl., abest V. The text has been previously edited in KENNEDY, PINGREE (eds.), The Astrological History of Māshāʾallāh, p. 181 (P). ἐρωτήσεως] suppl., ἐρωτήσεως P, ἐ abest V. Ἀπετελέσθη] Ἀποτελέσθη P. σημειωτικὸν ἀστέρα] ἤγουν τὴν Σελήνην add in marg. V. οὔ] Εἰ δὲ ὁ κύριος τοῦ ὡροσκόπου εὑρέθη ⟨ἐν⟩ τῷ μεσουρανήματι, ὁ δὲ κύριος τοῦ μεσουρανήματος οὐ συνάπτει τῷ κυρίῳ τοῦ ὡροσκόπου, ὁ μὲν ἐρωτῶν ἀγωνισθήσεται δουλεύειν τῷ βασιλεῖ, οὐ προσληφθήσεται δὲ παρὰ τοῦ βασιλέως, add. alia manu V. 264 The Greek Fragments of the Works of Māšāʾallāh ibn Aṯarī (xv) fol. 100v Λέγει ὁ Μασάλα· ὡς ἐὰν ἐρωτηθῇς παρὰ ἀρχη⟨γοῦ⟩ 336 ἐκβληθέν⟨τος⟩ 337 ἀπὸ τ⟨ῆς⟩ 338 ἐξουσίας εἰ ὑποστρέψει ἐν αὑ⟨τῷ⟩ 339 καὶ μή, σκέπτου 340 περὶ τούτου καθὼς περὶ ὑποστροφῆς ἀποδημήσαντός τινος, καὶ ἴδε τὸν κύριον τοῦ ὡροσκόπου, καὶ ἐάν ἐστιν ὑποποδισμένος, ὑποστρέψει οὗτος ἐπὶ τῇ ἐξουσίᾳ καὶ τῇ προθέσει αὐτοῦ, μᾶλλον ἐὰν ἡ Σελήνη συνάπτῃ ἀστέρι ὑποποδισμένῳ. Εἰ δὲ καὶ σὺν τούτοις ἐστὶ καὶ ἡ Σελήνη ἐν τροπικῷ ζῳδίῳ, ἐπιβεβαιοῖ τὴν ὑποστροφὴν γενέσεως ταχυτέραν. Ἐὰν δὲ ὁ κύριος τοῦ ὡροσκόπου οὐχ ὑποποδίζῃ, ἴδε τὴν Σελήνην καὶ ἐὰν συσχηματίζεται τῷ κυρίῳ τοῦ ὡροσκόπου, ὑποστρέψει κρεῖττον δὲ πάντων, ἔστι τὸ τὴν Σελήνην συσχηματίζειν τῷ κυρίῳ τοῦ ὡροσκόπου ὄντι ἐν τοῖς δεξιοῖς τοῦ ὡροσκόπου μέρεσιν. (xvi) fol. 106r 341 ογʹ 342 Περὶ τοῦ πότε ἐστί 343 τινι ἀγαθὸν 344 ἢ ἐναντίον. 345 Εἶπεν ὁ Μασάλλα· 346 εἰ βούλει γνῶναι πότε 347 γενήσεται ἢ ἀγαθὸν ἢ ἐναντίον, 348 ἴδε τὸν ὡροσκόπον καὶ τοὺς οἰκοδεσπότας τῶν δύο φωστήρων 349 καὶ τὸν κύριον τοῦ 350 ὡροσκόπου, καὶ οἷον ⟨ἂν⟩ 351 εὕρῃς δυνατώτερον καὶ λόγους ἔχοντα 352 εἰς τὸν ὡροσκόπον· λάβε 353 τοῦτον 354 κυβερνήτην 355 καὶ ἀνέτην. Καὶ εἰ μέν ἐστιν 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 ἀρχηγοῦ] γοῦ suppl., abest V. ἐκβληθέντος] τος suppl., abest V. τῆς] ῆς suppl., abest V. αὑτῷ] τῷ suppl., abest V. σκέπτου] corr., σκέψο V. This text is edited on the basis of Marc. gr. Z 334, fol. 148v (M1), Marc. gr. Z 335, fol. 310v (M2), Neap. II.C.33, fol. 410r–v (N). Par. grec 2424, fol. 206v (P), and Vat. gr. 1056, fol. 106r (V). Due to COVID-19, I could not collate the codex Vind. hist. gr. 122. ογʹ] om. M1M2NP. ἐστὶ] ἔσται M1M2P. ἀγαθὸν] καλὸν M1M2P. Περὶ — ἐναντίον] Περὶ τοῦ εἰ ἔστι τινὶ ἀγαθὸν ἢ κακὸν καὶ πότε N | ἐναντίον] κακὸν M1M2P. Μασάλλα] Μάσκλα M1M2P, Μασάλης N. πότε] add. τινὶ N. γενήσεται — ἐναντίον] γίνεται καλὸν ἢ κακὸν N, καλὸν ἢ κακὸν M1M2P. τῶν — φωστήρων] τῶν φωστήρων τῶν βʹ N. τοῦ] τῆς praem. N. ἂν] suppl., abest VM1M2NP. λόγους ἔχοντα] λόγοντα M1P. λάβε] λάμβανε N. τοῦτον] κύριον add. N. κυβερνήτης] κυβερνίτης M1P. 265 Luca Farina ἐπίκεντρος, δώσει 356 χρόνους, εἰ δὲ ἐν τῷ δευτέρῳ 357 τόπῳ μήνας, εἰ δὲ ἐν τῷ γʹ ἡμέρας. Γνῶθι δὲ καὶ τὸν ἀριθμὸν τῶν ἑπτὰ πλανήτων· ὁ Ἥλιος δίδωσιν ἔτη 358 ιθʹ, μήνας ιθʹ, ἡμέρας ιθʹ· ἡ Σελήνη 359 ἀνὰ κεʹ· ὁ Κρόνος ἀνὰ λʹ· ὁ 360 Ἄρης ἀνὰ ιεʹ· ὁ 361 Ζεὺς ἀνὰ ιβʹ· ὁ 362 Ἑρμῆς ἀνὰ κʹ, 363 καὶ 364 ἡ Ἀφροδίτη ἀνὰ ὀκτώ. 365 (xvii) fol. 111r–112r πϛʹ Περὶ φήμης, εἰ ἀληθής ἐστιν ἢ ψευδής. Εἶπεν ὁ Μασάλλα· ὡς εἰ ἐρωτηθῇς366 περὶ φήμης, ἆρα ψευδής ἐστιν ἢ ἀληθής, εἴτε περὶ φόβου ἐστὶν ἡ ἐρώτησις, εἴτε περὶ ἐλπίδος ἀγαθοῦ πραγμάτος. Ἴδε τὸν κύριον τοῦ ὡροσκόπου καὶ τὴν Σελήνην καὶ τὸν ἐπικεντρότερον ἐξ αὐτῶν λάβε. Εἰ δὲ μή ἐστί τις ἐξ αὐτῶν ἐπίκεντρος λάβε τὸν ἔχοντα ἐξ αὐτῶν πλείονας λόγους εἰς τὸν ὡροσκόπον, καὶ ἐὰν ᾖ ἀστὴρ ἔν τινι κέντρῳ ἀκάκωτος μὴ συνάπτει ἀστέρι ἐν ἀποκλίματι μὴ προσδεχομένῳ αὐτὸν ἀληθής ἐστιν ἡ φήμη· εἰ δὲ ἐπίκεντρός ἐστι συνάπτει δὲ ∥ ἀποκεκλικότι ἀστέρι μὴ προσδεχομένῳ αὐτόν, γεγόναμεν μνεία τοῦ πράγματος ἐκείνου, οὔτε λέγετε δὲ ἀλλ’ ἐμποδίζετε. 367 Εἰ δὲ ὁ κύριος τοῦ ὡροσκόπου οὐκ ἔστιν ἐν κέντρῳ, συνάπτει δὲ ἀστέρι ἐπικέντρῳ ἀγαθοποιῷ προσδεχομένῳ τὸν κύριον τοῦ ὡροσκόπου, ἀληθής ἐστιν ἡ φήμη καὶ γενήσεται· εἰ δὲ ὁ ἀστήρ ἐστι κακοποιὸς οὐ προσδέχεται δὲ τὸν κύριον τοῦ ὡροσκόπου, ψευδής ἐστι ἡ φήμη· εἰ δὲ ὁ κύριος τοῦ ὡροσκόπου οὐκ ἔστιν ἐπίκεντρος, συνάπτει δὲ ἀστέρι ἐν ἀποκλίματι, ψευδής ἐστι ἡ φήμη. Εἰ μή γε προσδέχεται τὸν κύριον τοῦ ὡροσκόπου ὁ ἀστήρ· εἰ δὲ ὁ προσδεχόμενος τὸν κύριον τοῦ ὡροσκόπου συνάπτει τῷ κυρίῳ τοῦ ὡροσκόπου, ἴδε τὸν κύριον τοῦ ὡροσκόπου· καὶ εἰ συνάπτει κακοποιῷ μὴ προσδεχομένῳ αὐτὸν ψευδὴς ἡ φήμη καὶ ἡ ἐλπὶς ματαία· εἰ δὲ οἱ δύο φωστῆρες συνάπτουσι τῷ κυρίῳ τοῦ ὡροσκόπου ἐπικέντρῳ καὶ ἀκακώτῳ ὄντι γενήσεται ἡδοναί· εἰ δὲ κεκακωμένοι εἰσὶν 368 ἐρήμωσιν δηλοῦσιν 369 μετὰ εὐόδωσιν. Εἰ δὲ ὁ 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 δώσει] δηλοῖ M1. δευτέρῳ] βʹ M2NP. ἔτη] ἐν τῇ M1M2P. ἡ Σελήνη] καὶ add. M1M2. ὁ] om. M1M2. ὁ] om. M1M2. ὁ] om. M1M2. κʹ] praem. εἰ V. καὶ] om. M1M2. ὀκτώ] ηʹ M1M2NP. ἐρωτηθῇς] corr., ἐρωτηθεὶς V. λέγετε δὲ ἀλλ’ ἐμποδίζετε] ut videtur V. κεκακωμένοι εἰσὶν] corr., κεκακωμένη ἐστὶν V. δηλοῦσιν] corr., δηλοῖ V. 266 The Greek Fragments of the Works of Māšāʾallāh ibn Aṯarī κύριος τοῦ ὡροσκόπου ἀποκεκλικὼς ἦν οἱ δὲ φωστῆρες ἐπίκεντρος γενήσονται· 370 εἰ δὲ ἡ Σελήνη καὶ ὁ κύριος τοῦ ὡροσκόπου συνάπτουσιν ἀστέρι ταπεινουμένῳ, καὶ μὴ ὑποδεχομένῳ αὐτοὺς οὐ γενήσονται. 371 Εἶπον καὶ οἱ σοφοί· ὡς τὰ τροπικὰ ζῴδια δηλοῦσι τὸ πρᾶγμα πρὸ τοῦ τελειωθῆναι, τὰ δὲ δίσωμα ὡς δ’ εἰς τὸ πρᾶγμα πραχθήσεται, τὰ δὲ στερεὰ στερέωσιν αὐτῶν. Ἐὰν δὲ ἡ Σελήνη καὶ ὁ κύριος τοῦ ὡροσκόπου, οὔσης τῆς ἐρωτήσεως περὶ φόβου, παρῆλθον τοὺς κακοποιοὺς μιᾷ μοίρᾳ, καὶ ὑπάρχουσιν οἱ κακοποιοὶ ἤδη συνοδεύσαντες αὐτοῖς ἐν τοῖς κέντροις αὐτῶν, φόβους μόνους ἐπάγουσιν· εἰ δὲ ἀπέρχονται πρὸς συναφὴν, καὶ φόβον ἐπείγουσι καὶ βάσανον· εἰ δὲ ἐπικαλύψουσιν 372 ἀγαθοποιοὶ, λύσουσι τὸ δεινόν. Λέγουσι δὲ καὶ τοῦτο· ὡς εἰ ἐρωτηθῇς 373 περὶ τῶν τοιούτων, ἴδε τὴν Σελήνην, καὶ εἰ τριγωνίζει τὸν ὡροσκόπον, ἢ ἑξαγωνίζει, τὸ γράμμα ἕξει ἀφροσύνην· εἰ δὲ τετραγωνίζει, ἢ διαμετρεῖ, βλάβην καὶ συνοχὴν ἢ ψεῦδος καὶ οὔτε λύπην οὔτε χήραν. Μὴ ἀμελήσῃς δὲ τοῦ τηρεῖν τὴν συναφὴν τῆς Σελήνης πρός τε τοὺς κακοποιοὺς καὶ τοὺς ἀγαθοποιούς, οὕτως γὰρ ποιῶν οὐχ ἁμάρτῃς. Λέγουσι δὲ καὶ τοῦτο· ἴδε τὴν Σελήνην, καὶ εἰ ἔστιν ἐν οἴκῳ ἀγαθοποιοῖς, ἢ ὁρίοις, ἢ ἐπιβλέπει ταύτην ἀγαθοποιός, ἢ ὡροσκοπεῖ ἀγαθοποιός, ἀληθής ἐστι ἡ φήμη· εἰ δὲ ἐναντίον, ψευδής. Εἶπε δὲ ὁ Μασάλλα καὶ τοῦτο· γίνωσκε ὅτι τὰ μυστήρια παρὰ τοῖς ἄστροις κεκρυμμένα εἰσίν, ὅτε δὲ ἡ Σελήνη συνάψει τῷ Ἑρμῇ, φανεροῦνται. Ἴδε οὖν ∥ ποίου ἀστέρος ἐστὶν ἡ φήμη, καὶ εἰ συνῆψεν ἡ Σελήνη τούτων, εἶτα ἀπέρρευσεν αὐτῶν ὡς πρὸς συναφὴν τοῦ Ἑρμοῦ ἢ ἁπλῶς ἀπέρρευσεν. Ἴδε τὸν Ἑρμῆν, καὶ εἰ ἔστιν ἐπίκεντρος, ἀληθὴς ἔσται ἡ φήμη· εἰ δὲ μή, ψευδής·374 καὶ εἰ ἐπαναφέρεται κέντρῳ, γενήσεται· εἰ δὲ προαναφέρεται, ἤδη ἐγένετο. Εἰ δὲ κρύφια φήμη ἐλεύσεται, καὶ βούλει γνῶναι ἀληθῆ ἐστι ἢ φαύλη, ἴδε τὸν τόπον τῆς Σελήνης, καὶ τὸν τόπον τοῦ κλήρου τῆς φήμης, καὶ πρὸς ταῦτα ἀποφαίνου, εἴτε ἀγαθυνομένου τοῦ τόπου, εἴτε κακωμένου. Ἡ δὲ Σελήνη συνάπτουσα ἀναποδίζοντι ἀστέρι, ἢ ἀποκεκλικότι, ἢ κακοποιῷ, ψευδῆ τὴν φήμην δηλοῖ· εἰ δὲ μεσουρανεῖ ὁ ἀστήρ, φανερὰ ἔσται ἡ φήμη. Ὁ δὲ κλῆρος τῆς φήμης λαμβάνεται ἡμέρας μὲν ἀπὸ Ἑρμοῦ ἐπὶ Σελήνης, νυκτὸς τὸ ἀνάπαλιν, καὶ τὰ ἴσα ἀπὸ ὡροσκόπου. Καὶ εἴ γε πέσῃ ὁ κλῆρος ἐν τροπικῷ ζῳδίῳ, ἢ λοξῷ, ἢ ὑπάρχει ὁ κύριος αὐτοῦ ἀναποδισμένος, ἢ ταπεινούμενος, ἢ ἀποκεκλικώς, 370 371 372 373 374 γενήσονται] corr., γενήσεται V. γενήσονται] corr., γενήσεται V. ἐπικαλύψουσιν] corr., ἐπικαλέψουσιν V. ἐρωτηθῇς] corr., ἐρωτηθεὶς V. ψευδής] Ἰστέον ὡς ἡ τῶν κακοποιῶν συναφὴ ἐκ μένων τῶν ἰδὼν οἴκων καὶ ὑψωμάτων ἐστὶν εὐπρόσδεκτος οὐχὶ δὲ ἀπὸ τριγώνων, ἢ δεκανῶν, ἢ ὁρίων τῶν δὲ ἀγαθοποιῶν, ἐκ παντῶν τῶν εἰρημένων εὐπρόσδεκτός ἐστι, add. in marg. V. 267 Luca Farina ἢ συνάπτων κακοποιοῖς, ψευδὴς ἔσται ἡ φήμη· εἰ δὲ τὸ ἀνάπαλιν, ἀληθής· εἰ δὲ σύμμικτα ὦσι τὰ σχήματα, ἀποτέλει ἐκ τῶν δυνατωτέρων. (xviii) fol. 242r–v 375 ληʹ Λόγος τοῦ σοφωτάτου Μασάλα περιέχων τὸν ἀριθμὸν τῶν βιβλίων 376 ἃ 377 ἐξέθετο ἕκαστος τῶν παλαιῶν σοφῶν καὶ τὰς δυνάμεις τῶν τοιούτων βιβλίων. Εἶπεν ὁ Μασάλα ὅτι· εἶδον τοὺς παλαιοὺς σοφοὺς ἔχοντας ἀμφιβολίας περὶ ὑποθέσεών τινων ἀστρονομικῶν ὧν σοφῶν πλῆθος γέγονε τῶν βιβλίων καὶ διὰ τοῦτο σύγχυσις γίγνεται τοῦ νοὸς τοῦ ταῦτα ἀναγινώσκοντος. Ἐγὼ δὲ ἐξεθέμην τὴν τοιαύτην βίβλον συνοπτικῶς δηλώσας ἐν αὐτῇ τὰ ἀναμφίβολα καὶ τὰ τῶν λόγων κρείττονα ἀπό τε τῶν βιβλίων τοῦ Πτολεμαίου καὶ τοῦ Ἑρμοῦ τῶν μεγάλων σοφῶν καὶ πολυμαθῶν, ὡσαύτως καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν βιβλίων τῶν καταλειφθέντων παρὰ τῶν πρὸ ἐμοῦ τοῖς παισὶν αὐτῶν εἰς κληρονομίαν. Οἱ ἐκθέμενοι δὲ τὰ βιβλία εἰσὶν οὗτοι· ὁ Ἑρμῆς ἐξέθετο βιβλία κδʹ· ἀφ’ ὧν εἰσι γενεθλιαλογικὰ ιϛʹ, περὶ ἐρωτήσεων εʹ, περὶ τῶν μοιρῶν τῶν ζῳδίων δύο καὶ περὶ λογισμοῦ αʹ. Ὁ Πλάτων βιβλία ζʹ· ἤγουν περὶ γενεθλίων εʹ καὶ περὶ ἐρωτήσεων βʹ. Ὁ Δωρόθεος βιβλία ιαʹ· ἤγουν περὶ γενεθλίων δʹ, περὶ ἐρωτήσεων γʹ, περὶ λογισμοῦ γʹ καὶ περὶ τῶν συνόδων αʹ. Ὁ Δημόκριτος βιβλία ιδʹ· ἤγουν περὶ γενεθλίων ϛʹ, περὶ ἐρωτήσεων δʹ, περὶ τῶν συνόδων δύο, περὶ λογισμοῦ αʹ, καὶ περὶ τῶν κλιμάτων αʹ. Ὁ Ἀριστοτέλης βιβλία ιʹ· ἤγουν περὶ γενεθλίων γʹ, περὶ ἐρωτήσεων δύο, περὶ τῆς δυνάμεως τῶν ἀστέρων καὶ τῶν ζῳδίων, καὶ τῆς συμφωνίας αὐτῶν εʹ. Ὁ Ἀντικοὺς βιβλία ζʹ· ἤγουν περὶ γενεθλίων εʹ καὶ περὶ ἐρωτήσεων βʹ. Ὁ Οὐάλης βιβλία δέκα ἔχοντα τὰς δυνάμεις τῶν ὅλων βιβλίων. Ὁ Ἐρασίστρατος βιβλία ι⟨αʹ⟩· 378 ἤγουν περὶ γενεθλίων δʹ, περὶ τῆς δυνάμεως τοῦ Ἡλίου πρὸς τοὺς ἀστέρας αʹ, περὶ λογισμοῦ αʹ, περὶ ἐρωτήσεων δύο, περὶ τῶν συνόδων δύο καὶ περὶ τῶν φαρταρίων αʹ. Καὶ ὁ Στόχος βιβλία ϛʹ· ἤγουν περὶ γενεθλίων γʹ, περὶ ἐκλείψεων αʹ, περὶ συνόδων αʹ καὶ περὶ εὐτυχιῶν καὶ ἀτυχιῶν αʹ. Οἱ δὲ Πέρσαι ἐξέθεντο βιβλία μδʹ· εἰς ἃ καὶ ἐδήλωσαν τά τε παρεληλυθότα 379 καὶ τὰ μέλλοντα· ἐξέθεντο δὲ καὶ ἕτερα δύο μεγάλα καὶ ἀναγκαῖα βιβλία, τὸ μὲν αʹ 380 περὶ γενεθλίων καὶ τὸ ἕτερον περὶ ἐρωτήσεων, ἔχον ἕκαστον βιβλίον κεφάλαια ͵α, ἔχον ἕκαστον αὖθις κεφάλαιον λόγους δʹ· ἃ καὶ ἔστιν ἀποτιθεμένα 381 εἰς Ἰνδίαν 382 μὴ ἐκβληθέντα πρὸς ἡμᾶς. 375 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 The text has been previously edited in CCAG, I, p. 81–82 (O) and in PINGREE, BURNETT (eds.), The ‘Liber Aristotilis’ of Hugo of Santalla, p. 203–204. (P). βιβλίων] corr., βεβλίων V, corr. βιβλίων P. ἃ] corr., ὧν V, ἃ corr. P. ιαʹ] ιαʹ suppl. OP, αʹ abest V. παρεληλυθότα] corr., παρεληθλυθότα V, παρεληλυθότα corr. OP. αʹ] πρῶτον O. ἀποτιθεμένα] corr., ἀποτιθομένα V, ἀποδεδομένα corr. O, ἀποθεθειμένα corr. P. Ἰνδίαν] corr., Ἰνδία V, Ἰνδίαν corr. OP. 268 The Greek Fragments of the Works of Māšāʾallāh ibn Aṯarī Ταῦτά εἰσι τὰ βιβλία τὰ εὑρεθέντα ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις ἡμῶν περὶ ὧν καὶ, ὡς εἴρηται, ἐδήλωσα ὅπως γνῶτε 383 ὅτι πολλὰ ∥ ἐκοπίασα πρὸς τὸ παρεκβαλεῖν καὶ ἐκθεῖναι τὴν παροῦσαν βίβλον ἀπὸ τῶν ῥηθέντων βιβλίων συνοπτικῶς ἐν τέσσαρσι λόγοις. III.2. Fragments Known from Bodl. Cromwell 12 (i) fol. 67r 384 Ἀρχὴ σὺν θεῷ τοῦ δευτέρου βιβλίου. Βιβλίον δεύτερον ἀποτελεσματικὸν περιέχον τοὺς δώδεκα τόπους τοῦ θέματος ἐξ ὧν μέλλειν δύνασθαι τὸν ἐπιστήμονα πάσας τὰς ἐρωτήσεις τὰς πρὸς αὐτὸν γινομένας ἀποτελεῖν. Καὶ πρῶτα μὲν ἀρχόμεθα ἀπὸ τοῦ πρώτου τόπου, ἤτοι τοῦ ὡροσκόπου, τοῦ περὶ χρόνων ζωῆς δηλοῦντος. 385 αʹ Ἐὰν ἐρωτηθῇς 386 περὶ χρόνων ζωῆς, ἴδε τὸν κύριον τοῦ ὡροσκόπου καὶ τὴν Σελήνην· ἡ γὰρ ἀπόρροια τῆς Σελήνης δηλοῖ τὰ παρελθόντα, ἡ δὲ συναφὴ 387 τὰ μέλλοντα· 388 καὶ εἰ ἔστιν ὁ κύριος τοῦ ὡροσκόπου ὕπαυγος καὶ ἡ Σελήνη κεκακωμένη, ἢ καί τις κακοποιὸς ὡροσκοπεῖ ἢ δύνει, 389 δηλοῖ θάνατον τοῦ ἐρωτῶντος. Ἴδε οὖν πόσαι μοῖραι εἰσὶ μεταξὺ 390 τοῦ κυρίου τοῦ ὡροσκόπου καὶ τοῦ Ἡλίου, καὶ κατ’ ἐκεῖνα 391 ἀποφαίνου· 392 καὶ εἰ μέν ἐστι τὸ ζῴδιον στερεὸν 393 λέγε χρόνους, εἰ δὲ δίσωμον μήνας, εἰ δὲ τροπικὸν ἡμέρας. Εἰ δὲ ὡροσκοπεῖ κακοποιός 394 ἔστι 395 χεῖρον, εἰ δὲ ἐπιβλέπει 396 ὁ κύριος τοῦ τετάρτου τόπου 397 τὸν ὡροσκόπον ἢ 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 γνῶτε] corr., γνώσητε VOP. This text is edited on the basis of Oxon. Barocci 94, fol. 100v–101r (B), Oxon. Cromwell 12, p. 441– 442 (O1), and Vat. gr. 1056, fol. 67r (V). Due to COVID-19 I could not collate the codex Vind. hist. gr. 122. Ἀρχὴ — δηλοῦντος] Περὶ χρόνων ζωῆς ἀπὸ τοῦ ὡροσκόπου. Ἄρχεται ὁ Μασάλα περὶ τῶν ιβʹ τόπων O1, Περὶ χρόνων ζωῆς καὶ θανάτου ἀπὸ τοῦ βιβλίου τῶν δώδικα τόπων τοῦ Μασάλα B. Ἐὰν ἐρωτηθῇς] Εἰ ἐρωτηθεὶς B. συναφὴ] συνάφεια O1. τὰ μέλλοντα] δηλοῖ praem. B. κακοποιὸς ὡροσκοπεῖ ἢ δύνει] κακοποιοὶ ὡροσκοπὸν ἢ δύνων O1, κακοποιὸς ὡροσκόπος δύνει B. μεταξὺ τοῦ κύριου τοῦ ὡροσκόπου] μετὰ τοῦ ὡροσκόπου O1. κατ’ ἐκεῖνα] κατ’ ἐκεῖνου O1, κατὰ τοῦ κυρίου τοῦ ὡροσκόπου add. in margine et del. B. ἀποφαίνου] μῆνα praem. B. στερεὸν] στερρεὸν V. εἰ δὲ ὡροσκοπεῖ κακοποιὸς] εἰ δὲ ἡ ὡροσκοπεῖ κακοποιὰ B. ἔστι] ἔτι V, om. O1. ἐπιβλέπει] καὶ βλέπει V, καὶ ἐπιβλέπει B. τετάρτου τόπου] δʹ BO1. 269 Luca Farina τὸν 398 κύριον τοῦ ηʹ τόπου 399 κακόν ἐστι, 400 εἰ μή γε ἐπιβλέπουσιν 401 οἱ 402 ἀγαθοποιοὶ τὸν ὡροσκόπον καὶ ἡ Σελήνη ἐστὶν 403 ἀκάκωτος. (ii) fol. 70v 404 ηʹ Περὶ τοῦ εἰ ἐρωτηθῇς ἆρα ἀληθής ἐστι ἡ σύλληψις ἢ ψευδής. 405 Εἰ ἐρωτηθῇς 406 ἆρα ἀληθής ἐστι ἡ σύλληψις ἢ ψευδής, 407 ἴδε τὸν κύριον τοῦ ὡροσκόπου καὶ τὴν Σελήνην, 408 καὶ εἰ 409 ὑπάρχουσι 410 ἐν τῷ εʹ τόπῳ ὁ δὲ κύριος τοῦ εʹ 411 τόπου ὡροσκοπεῖ ἀκάκωτος, ἀληθής ἐστι 412 ἡ σύλληψις· εἰ δὲ τροπικόν ἐστι τὸ ζῴδιον καὶ ἐπίκεντρος ὑπάρχει ὁ 413 κακοποιός, οὐκ ἔστιν ἀληθής· εἰ δέ ἐστι ἡ συναφὴ τῶν εἰρηνικῶν ἀστέρων πρὸς ἀναποδίζοντας ἀστέρας, 414 οὐ 415 γενήσεται, εἰ μή γε ἀκάκωτός ἐστιν ἡ Σελήνη καὶ ὁ κύριος τοῦ ὡροσκόπου ἐν τόπῳ καλῷ. Εἶπον δέ τινες τῶν παλαίων ὅτι 416 ὅτε πλησίφωτος οὗσα ἡ Σελήνη συνοδεύει τῷ Ἄρει 417 ἀμβλωθρίδιον γενήσεται καὶ ἡ μήτηρ τελευτήσει· εἰ δὲ ἐν τῷ ιʹ τόπῳ ἀπὸ Ἀφροδίτης ὑπάρχουσιν οἱ κακοποιοὶ 418 φθαρήσεται τὸ βρέφος. 398 399 400 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 417 418 τὸν] καὶ praem. O1. τόπου] om. BO1. ἐστι] om. BO1. ἐπιβλέπουσιν] ἐπιβλέπουσι O1. ἀγαθοποιοὶ] om. O1V. ἡ Σελήνη ἐστὶν] inv. ord. BO1. This text is edited on the basis of Oxon. Cromwell 12, p. 446 (O1), and Vat. gr. 1056, fol. 70v (V). ηʹ Περὶ — ψευδής] om. O1. ἐρωτηθῇς] δὲ praem. O1. ἀληθής ἐστι ἡ σύλληψις, ἢ ψευδὴς] ἡ σύλληψις ἀληθής ἐστιν, ἢ οὔ O1. καὶ τὴν Σελήνην] add. s.l. alia manu V. εἰ] ὡς O1. ὑπάρχουσι] ὑπαρχει ante corr. V. εʹ] πέμπτου O1. ἐστι] om. O1. ὁ] om. O1. ἀναποδίζοντας ἀστέρας] ἀναποδίζοντος ἀστὴρ O1. οὐ] om. O1. ὅτι] om. O1. τῷ Ἄρει] τὸν Ἄρεα V. εἰ δὲ ἐν τῷ ιʹ τόπῳ — κακοποιοὶ] εἰ δὲ ἐπίκεντροι ὑπάρχουσιν οἱ κακοποιοὶ ἀπὸ Ἀφροδίτης O1. 270 The Greek Fragments of the Works of Māšāʾallāh ibn Aṯarī Εἶπον δὲ καὶ τοῦτο ὡς· εἰ 419 ὑπάρχουσιν οἱ δύο φωστῆρες καὶ ὁ ὡροσκόπος ἐν δισώμοις ζῳδίοις 420 ἢ πολυσπέρμοις – ἤτοι τῷ Σκορπίῳ, καὶ 421 τοῖς Ἰχθύσι καὶ τῷ Καρκίνῳ – καὶ ἐπιβλέπουσιν αὐτοὺς οἱ 422 ἀγαθοποιοί, σύλληψις ὑπάρχει. 423 III.3. Additional Fragments from Bodl. Cromwell 12 (i) p. 436 Τοῦ Μασαλέως περὶ φίλων. Εἰ ἐρωτήσει σέ τις περὶ ἰδίου φίλιου ἆρα ἐνωθήσεται αὐτῷ· ἴδε τὸν κύριον τοῦ ὡροσκόπου καὶ τὴν Σελήνην, καὶ εἰ ποιοῦνται τὴν συναφὴν πρὸς τὸν κύριον τοῦ ιαʹ τόπου, ἐνωθήσεται τῇ αὐτῇ μεθόδῳ χρῷ καὶ ἐπὶ τὰ τέκνα ἀπὸ τοῦ εʹ τόπου, καὶ ἐπὶ τὴν γυναικὰ ἀπὸ τοῦ ζʹ, καὶ ἐπὶ τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς ἀπὸ τοῦ γʹ, καὶ ἐπὶ τοὺς παῖδας ἀπὸ τοῦ Ἡλίου καὶ τῆς Σελήνης, καὶ ἐπὶ δούλων ἀπὸ τοῦ ϛʹ, τὸ αὐτὸ καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν λοιπῶν. (ii) p. 436 Τοῦ Μασαλέως περὶ φιλίας. Εἰ ἐρωτηθῇς ἆρά γε ἐστὶ φιλία μεταξὺ τοῦ δεῖνος καὶ δεῖνος· ἴδε τὸν κύριον τοῦ ιαʹ καὶ τὸν κύριον τοῦ ζʹ καὶ τὸν κύριον τοῦ ϛʹ, καὶ εἰ ἐπιβλέπουσιν οἱ κύριοι τῶν τοιούτων τόπων 424 τοῦ ὡροσκόπου ἢ τὸν κύριον αὐτοῦ ἀπὸ τριγώνου ἢ ἐξαγώνου, συστήσεται μεταξὺ αὐτῶν φίλων· εἰ δὲ τετραγώνου ἢ διαμέτρου ἔχθρα γενήσεται· εἰ δὲ οἱ κύριοι τῶν τοιούτων τόπων συσχηματίζονται ἀπὸ τριγώνου ἢ ἐξαγώνου σχήματος καὶ μάλιστα ὁ κύριος τοῦ ἐν ιαʹ, ἔσται φιλία· εἰ δὲ οἱ δύο, ἔτι πλεῖον ἐπιταθήσεται· εἰ δὲ πάντες, ἔσται ὑπερβολικὴ 425 ἀγάπη, καὶ μάλιστα εἰ ἀπὸ στερεῶν ζῳδίων 426 ἡ συναφὴ γένηται. IV. Conclusions In 2012, Maria Mavroudi rightly stated that: « Writing a history of Byzantine astrology remains inhibited by the dearth of published Byzantine astrological texts, though Pingree and Kazhdan provided a brief account mostly based on their 419 420 421 422 423 424 425 426 εἰ] ἐὰν O1. δισώμοις ζῳδίοις ἢ πολυσπέρμοις] δισώμῳ ζῳδίῳ ἢ πολυσπέρμῳ O1. καὶ] om. O1. οἱ] om. O1. ὑπάρχει] Ἐὰν ὁ κύριος τοῦ εʹ τόπου ἐστὶν ἐν τῷ θʹ, ἐν ζῳδίῳ δισώμῳ, λέγε ἔχειν γαστρί add. alia manu V. τόπων] corr., τόπον O1. ὑπερβολικὴ] corr., ὑπερβολιτηκὴ O1. ἀπὸ στερεῶν ζῳδίων] corr., ἠ ἀποστερεᾶ ζῴδια O1. 271 Luca Farina extensive acquaintance with manuscripts ». 427 This article tries to partially fill such gap by making available to the scholars the Greek fragments by Māšāʾallāh. Moreover, from a preliminary survey of the direct occurrences of the Greek translations of Māšāʾallāh ibn Aṯarī’s and Abū Maʿšar al-Balḫī’s works, and from the presentation of the sections by Māšāʾallāh that are preserved in the Vat. gr. 1056, the interest Byzantine scholars had towards Arabic astrological texts, from the late Komnenian times onwards, clearly emerges. The Vatican codex is, indeed, a valuable case study because it proved to be a rich Byzantine anthology of astrological and astronomical texts – especially mixing Arabic, Late Antique and ancient sources – written no later than the thirteenth century, that has been read and used in later times. It offers indeed the possibility of looking at the wealth of material that was available to Byzantine scholars, and that has not been thoroughly investigated by modern scholars yet. Appendices Appendix I Vat. gr. 1056, fol. 66v Περὶ θησαυρῶν. Zήτει καὶ ἄλλως ἐκεῖθεν. 428 Εἴ τις ἔχει κεκρυμμένον θησαυρὸν καὶ ἀγνοεῖ ἐν ποίῳ τόπῳ ἐστὶ καὶ ἐρωτηθῇς περὶ τοῦ τοιούτου, στῆσον ἀκριβῶς τὸν ὡροσκόπον, καὶ ἴδε ποῖος τῶν εʹ ἀστέρων, τῶν φωστήρων πλείονας λόγους καὶ οἰκοδεσπότας ἔχουσι πρὸς τὸν ὡροσκόπον, καὶ ἐν ποίῳ τόπῳ ἐστὶ τῶν ιβʹ τόπων. Εἶτα ἴδε εἰ σύνεστι τῷ δηλωθέντι οἰκοδεσπότῃ, ἀστήρ τις ἐν ἐκείνῳ τῷ ζῳδίῳ, ἢ οὐ σύνεστί τις ἀστὴρ, καὶ εἰ μὲν 427 428 Ang. gr. 29, fol. 23r–v πʹ Περὶ θησαυρῶν. Εἴ τις ἔχει κεκρυμμένον θησαυρὸν καὶ ἀγνοεῖ ἐν ποίῳ τόπῳ ἐστὶ καὶ ἐρωτηθῇς περὶ τοῦ τοιούτου, ∥ στῆσον ἀκριβῶς τὸν ὡροσκόπον, καὶ ἴδε ποῖος τῶν εʹ ἀστέρων, καὶ ὁ Ἥλιος ἢ Σελήνη πλείονας λόγους καὶ οἰκοδεσπότας ἔχουσι πρὸς τὸν ὡροσκόπον, ἴδε δὲ καὶ ἐκ τότε ἐν ποίῳ τόπῳ ἐστὶ τῶν ιβʹ τόπων. Εἶτα ἴδε εἰ σύνεστι τῷ δηλωθέντι οἰκοδεσπότῃ, ἀστήρ τις ἐν MARIA MAVROUDI, « Astrology, Byzantine », in ROGE SHALER BAGNALL, KAI BRODERSEN, CRAIGE BRIAN CHAMPION, ANDREW ERSKINE, SABINE HÜBNER (eds.), The Encyclopedia of Ancient History, 2, Wiley– Blackwell, Malden–Oxford–Chichester 2012. ἐκεῖθεν] add. verba non legitur V. 272 The Greek Fragments of the Works of Māšāʾallāh ibn Aṯarī συνυπάρχει ⟨αὐ⟩τῷ429 ὁ Ἥλιος, γνῶθι ὅτι ὁ θησαυρὸς ἐν τῷ τρικλινίῳ 430 ἐστὶν ἐν ᾧ κάθηται διηνεκῶς ὁ κύριος τῆς οἰκίας, εἰ δὲ συνυπάρχει αὐτῷ ἡ Σελήνη, γνῶθι τὸν θη⟨σαυ⟩ρὸν 431 εἶναι ἐν τόπῳ ἐν ᾧ διηνεκῶς κάθηται ἡ κυρία τῆς οἰκίας, ἢ πλησίον τοῦ φρέατος, ἢ τοῦ σωτηρίου. Εἰ δὲ ὁ συνὼν τῷ οἰκοδεσπότῃ τοῦ Ἄρεως, λέγε ὅτι πλησίον τοῦ φούρνου ἐστὶν ὁ θησαυρός, ἢ τοῦ μαγειρείου, ἢ ἐν ἑτέρῳ 432 τόπῳ τῆς οἰκίας ἐν ᾧ ἅπτεται πῦρ· εἰ δέ ἐστιν ὁ Ἑρμῆς, ἔστιν ἐν τόπῳ ἐν ᾧ εἰσὶ βιβλία ἢ γράμματα, ἢ ἔνθα ἐμπορεύεται ὁ κύριος τῆς οἰκίας· εἰ δέ ἐστιν ὁ ἀστὴρ ἐκεῖνος ὁ Ζεύς, γνῶθι ὅτι πλησίον ἐκκλησίας ἐστίν· εἰ δέ ἐστιν ἡ Ἀφροδίτη, εἰπὲ ὅτι ἐστὶ φυτῶν πλησίον, ἢ ἀρωμάτων, ἢ ἔνθα κεῖται ἡ προὶξ τῆς γυναικός· εἰ δέ ἐστιν ὁ Κρόνος, κεῖται ἐν τόπῳ ῥυπαρῷ· εἶτα ἴδε καὶ εἰ μέν ἐστιν ὁ ἀστὴρ ἐν τῷ ὡροσκόπῳ ἐστὶν ὁ θησαυρὸς πλησίον τοῦ πυλῶνος· εἰ δὲ ἐν τῷ βʹ τόπῳ, ἢ τῷ γʹ, ἢ τῷ δʹ, ἢ τῷ εʹ ἐστὶν ἐπὶ τοῖς δεξοῖς μέρεσι τοῦ πυλῶνος καθὼς εἰσέρχεσθαι· εἰ δὲ ϛʹ τόπῳ, ἢ τῷ ζʹ, ἢ τῷ ηʹ ἐστὶν ἄντικρυς τοῦ πυλῶνος· εἰ δὲ ἐν τῷ θʹ, ἢ τῷ ιʹ, ἢ τῷ ιαʹ, ἢ τῷ ιβʹ ἐστὶν ἐν τοῖς ἀριστεροῖς μέρεσι τοῦ πυλῶνος. 429 430 431 432 433 434 ἐκεί⟨νῳ⟩ 433 τῷ ζῳδίῳ, ἢ οὐ σύνεστί τις ἀστὴρ, καὶ εἰ μὲν σύνεστιν αὐτῷ ὁ Ἥλιος, γνῶθι ὅτι ὁ θησαυρὸς ἐν τῷ τρίποδί ἐστιν ἐν ᾧ κάθηται διηνεκῶς ὁ κύριος τῆς οἰκίας, εἰ δὲ σύνεστιν αὐτῷ ἡ Σελήνη, γνῶθι τὸν θησαυρὸν εἶναι ἐν τῷ τόπῳ ἐν ᾧ διηνεκῶς κάθηται ἡ κυρία τῆς οἰκίας, ἢ πλησίον τοῦ φρέατος, ἢ τοῦ σωτηρίου. Εἰ δὲ τύχῃ ὁ συνὼν τῷ οἰκοδεσπότῃ ὁ Ἄρης, λέγε ὅτι πλησίον τοῦ φούρνου ἐστὶν ὁ θησαυρός, ἢ τοῦ μαγειρείου, ἢ ἔνθα ἀνάπτεται πῦρ· εἰ δέ ἐστιν ὁ Ἑρμῆς, ἐστὶν ἐν τόπῳ ἐν ᾧ εἰσὶ βιβλία ⟨ἢ⟩ 434 γράμματα, ἢ ἔνθα ἐμπορεύεται ὁ κύριος τοῦ οἴκου· εἰ δέ ἐστιν ὁ ἀστὴρ ἐκεῖνος ὁ Ζεύς, γνῶθι ὅτι πλησίον ἐκκλησίας ἐστίν· εἰ δέ ἐστιν ἡ Ἀφροδίτη, εἰπὲ ὅτι ἐστὶ πλησίον φυτῶν ἢ ἀρωμάτων, ἢ ἔνθα κεῖται ἡ προὶξ τῆς γυναικός· εἰ δέ ἐστιν ὁ Κρόνος, κεῖται ἐν τόπῳ ῥυπαρῷ· εἰ δὲ βούλει γνῶναι, εἴτε εἰς τὰ δεξιὰ μέρη τοῦ οἴκου ἔστιν ὁ θησαυρός, εἴτε εἰς τὰ ἀριστερά, στῆσον τὸν ὡροσκόπον. Καὶ εἰ μέν ἐστιν ἀστὴρ ἐν τῷ ὡροσκόπῳ, γνῶθι ὅτι πλησίον τοῦ πυλῶνος ἔστιν ὁ θησαυρός· εἰ δέ ἐστιν ἐν τῷ βʹ τόπῳ, ἐστὶν ἐν τοίχῳ τῷ ἐν τῷ δεξιῷ μέρει τοῦ πυλῶνος. Δεξιὰ δὲ μέρη τοῦ πυλῶνος λέγομεν, τὰ ἐν τῷ εἰσέρχεσθαι ἐν τῷ πυλῶνι δεξιὰ μέρη τοῦ εἰσερχομένου· εἰ δὲ τύχῃ ἐν τῷ γʹ τόπῳ, τὸ αὐτό ἐστι, καὶ ἐν τῷ δʹ αὐτῷ] αὐ suppl., abest V. τρικλινίῳ] corr., τρικλείνῳ V. θησαυρὸν] σαυ suppl., abest V. ἑτέρῳ] post corr. V. ἐκείνῳ] νῳ suppl., abest A. ἢ] suppl., abest A. 273 Luca Farina ὁμοίως, καὶ ἐν τῷ εʹ ὁμοίως, καὶ ἐν τῷ ϛʹ τόπῳ εἰ τύχῃ, ἔσται ἐν τῷ ἐξεναντίῳ μέρει τοῦ πυλῶνος, καὶ ἐν τῷ ζʹ ὁμοίως, καὶ ἐν τῷ ηʹ ὁμοίως· εἰ δὲ ἐν τῷ θʹ τύχῃ, ἔστιν ἐν τῷ ἀριστερῷ μέρει τοῦ πυλῶνος, εἰ δὲ ἐν τῷ ιʹ ὁμοίως, καὶ ἐν τῷ ιαʹ ὁμοίως, καὶ ἐν τῷ ιβʹ ὁμοίως, καὶ ἐὰν ἐρωτηθῇς ἆρά γε ἐν ἐκκλησίᾳ ἔστιν ἢ πλησίον φρέατος, ἢ σωτῆρος, ἢ πλησίον φούρνου, ἢ ἐν τόπῳ ἀρωματικῷ, ἢ ἐν τόπῳ πραγμάτων, ἢ ῥυπαρῷ, ἢ ἐν τῷ τρίποδι ἐν ᾧ κάθηται ὁ κύριος τῆς οἰκίας, ἢ ἐν ᾧ τόπῳ κάθηται ἡ γυνὴ αὐτοῦ, ἀποτέλεσον κατὰ τὴν μέθοδον ἣν προεδιδάχθης. Appendix II Vat. gr. 1056, fol. 49v Λέγει δὲ καὶ ὁ Ῥασὴκ ὁ σοφώτατος ὅτι· ἐπειδὴ εὗρον εἶναι τὸν ὡροσκόπου ζῴδιον θηλυκόν, τὴν δὲ κυρίαν αὐτοῦ θηλυκήν, καὶ ὑπάρχουσαν ἐν θηλυκῷ ζῳδίῳ, λέγω εἶναι τὴν ἐρώτησιν περὶ θηλυκῶν προσώπων, ἐπεὶ δὲ ἡ οἰκοδέσποινα τῆς κυρίας τοῦ ὡροσκόπου Σελήνη ὑπάρχει ἐν ζῳδίῳ Ζυγῷ.435 Ἀπέρρευσε δὲ ἀπὸ τῆς ἑξαγωνικῆς συναφῆς τοῦ Κρόνου, ὁ δὲ Κρόνος ἧν ἐν τῷ δʹ τόπῳ τῷ ὑπογείῳ τῷ τόπῳ δηλαδὴ τῶν γονέων ἧν δὲ καὶ ἡ Σελήνη θηλυκὴ ὡς εἴρηται, ἡ δὲ Ἀφροδίτη ἧν ἐν τῷ γʹ τόπῳ τῷ δηλοῦντι τοὺς οἰκείους τε ἀδελφοὺς καὶ συγγενεῖς ὁρᾶται παρὰ τῆς Σελήνης. Λέγω ὅτι· ἡ ἐρώτησις αὕτη περὶ οἰκείας ἐστὶ μητέρος, διὰ τὸ εἶναι τὴν Σελήνην ἀεὶ σημειωτικὴν τῶν μητέρων, διὰ δὲ τὸ εἶναι τὴν Ἀφρόδιτην κυρίαν μὲν τοῦ ὡροσκόπου, σημειωτικὴν δὲ τῆς τοιάυτης ὑποθέσεως, κυριεύειν δὲ καὶ τοῦ τόπου τῆς νοσηλείας, καὶ ὁρᾶται παρὰ τῆς Σελήνης ἀπὸ τοῦ αὐτοῦ τῆς νοσηλείας τούτο. 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