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2015, International Journal of Research in Engineering and Applied Sciences
The need for production by Enhanced Oil Recovery has increased drastically over the past two decades because of the constantly increasing need of Hydrocarbons and decline in the discovery of new oil and gas producing horizons. This paper deals with development of an ideal thermo chemical method of Enhanced Oil Recovery in the mature and depleting Naharkatiya Oilfield by experimental investigation of Reservoir rock and fluid samples and different phenomena occurring in the Petroleum Reservoir with TGA, XRD, SEM, PVT Analysis. In this paper the authors have designed a novel combination strategy taking into consideration all the techno-economic feasibilities and Reservoir Characteristics to develop the best method of EOR which can be employed by the Industry not only in Naharkatiya but also in analogous fields all over the world having the same Rock and fluid properties.
Journal of Resource Recovery
Strategy for Optimum Chemical Enhanced Oil Recovery Field OperationMost of the studies and reviews show that the amount of oil that can be extracted with primary drive mechanisms is about 20 – 30% and by secondary recovery can reach up to 40% but using modern enhanced oil recovery (EOR) techniques, recovery can reach up to 60 – 65%. These techniques of enhanced oil recovery (EOR) are essentially designed to recover oil commonly described as residual oil. The oil that cannot be extracted by primary recovery as well as secondary recovery techniques, this amount of recovery depends on the amount of oil produced from the primary recovery [1]. According to the Department of Energy U.S.A, the amount of oil produced worldwide is only one third of the total oil available. So by using the EOR techniques we will be able to produce more oil as the demand increase while we have a shortage in the supply. The project is research and experiment based on the advancement in enhanced oil recovery techniques, it aims reviewing the current used techniques and what are the advancements in these techniquesthat results in better production of oil. Experimenting (two of these techniques; direct carbon dioxide injection and WAG injection) and then comparing the laboratory results for the recovery through a series of laboratory experiments on core flooding and lastly the discussion on the obtained results. According to the Department of Energy U.S.A, the amount of oil produced worldwide is only one third of the total oil available. So, by using the EOR techniques we will be able to produce more oil as the demand increase while we have a shortage in the supply. Over the last 3 decades a lot of research is taking place in the field of enhanced oil recovery and since then EOR methods have been developing. These techniques are applied on mature and depleted reservoirs and showed improved efficiency compared with primary and secondary recovery (water-flooding).Enhanced oil recovery is the process of increasing the oil recovery after the primary recovery (the recovery done by the main drive mechanisms) and the secondary recovery which is done by water flooding. The enhanced oil recovery process can be achieved by many techniques like; (gas injection, chemical injection, ultrasonic stimulation, microbial injection or thermal recovery). This research aims to review all the enhanced oil recovery techniques and the experimental part helps in concluding the recovery percentage of Carbon dioxide and WAG injection on medium light oil. Problem statement It is a known fact that the term " easy oil " refers to the oil that can be extracted easily in inhabitant areas is now vanishing and the amount of oil produced by the primary recovery from these areas accounts only 20 to 30 % of the total amount available. [2] Petroleum companies are looking for oil in a very remote areas; like deep waters, areas where the temperature is below zero and to develop fields in areas like these is very costly, instead we can still produce the remaining amount of oil in the existing fields by applying new technologies to increase the recovery factor through introducing the enhanced oil recovery techniques. _____________ * Sponsoring information: Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, MALAYSIA.
About half of the world oil reserves are located in carbonate reservoirs (Roehl and Choquette, 1985), where 65% of the total carbonate reservoirs are oil wet and 12% intermediate wet (Chillingar and Yen, 1985). Oil recoveries in oil wet or mixed wet carbonate reservoirs can be increased by dissolving surfactant to injected water to change the rock wettability from oil wet to more water wet. The Wakamuk field operated by PetroChina International (Bermuda) Ltd. and PT. Pertamina EP in Papua, with main of objective Miocene Kais Limestone. First production was commenced on August 2004 and the peak field produces around 1456 BOPD in August 2010. It was found that this reservoir system is considered as a complex system, until 2014 the cumulative of oil production was 2.07 MMBO less than 9% of OOIP. This performance indicates there are secondary porosity other than matrix porosity which has low average porosity 13% and permeability less than 7 mD. Implementing chemical EOR in this case is the best way to increase oil production However, the selected chemical must be able to lower the IFT, reduce oil viscosity, and alter the wettability and thus a special chemical treatment named SeMAR has been proposed. Series of laboratory tests such as phase behavior test, core compatibility test, mixture viscosity, contact angle measurement, interfacial tension (IFT), imbibitions test and core flooding were conducted on Wakamuk field samples. Based on the spontaneous imbibitions results for Wakamuk field core, formulation of SeMAR with compositional S12A gave oil recovery 43.94% at 1wt% concentration and maximum percentage of oil recovery 87.3 % at 3 wt% concentration respectively. In addition, the results for first scenario of core flooding test gave oil recovery 60.32% at 1 wt% concentration S12A and the second scenario gave 96.78% of oil recovery at concentration 3 wt% respectively. The soaking time of chemicals has a significant effect on the recovery and also higher of chemicals concentration used then larger area for wettability altered and therefore, higher oil recovery.
2019 •
In view of the current vast worldwide oil extraction and production, the reservoirs storage capacities lessening scenario, the imminent fast oil production depletion in foreseeable near future and due to the fact that very rich volume of heavier residual oil still remaining down inside the trapped reservoirs that account for 40-60% in total; endeavors to salvage and increase oil production of abandoned matured oil fields become critical. The high volume of heavier oil deposit is hard or impossible to be extracted by normal methods, they are still scattering in all the abandoned or semi-abandoned matured oil fields around the world. Considering of the uncertainties and escalations of worldwide oil prices in the last thirty years, numerous methods and techniques have been derived to revive matured oil fields production. These remaining residual heavier oil deposits that normal extraction by making use of reservoir pressure, pumping and conventional water injection or simply by water f...
— Enhanced oil recovery (eor) has been applied in oil field in Indonesiasince 1985. The steamflooding methodhas successfullyprolong an oil field life up to now. Steamflooding is the establish method to improve recovery of heavy oil in Duri Field. However, other method still under several stage such as field trials, pilot project, and works laboratory. This research present the method to improve oil recovery from mature fields. The method known as enhanced oil recovery. There are three stage to produce oil involving primary recovery, secondary recovery, and tertiary recovery or eor. Currently, majority an oil production under primary recovery (25.34 %) and secondary recovery (19.19 %) stage. Due to the low oil recovery from these methods, remaining oil in place in the reservoirs are huge (more than 50 billion barrel). Enhanced oil recovery is the best way to produce more oil from the mature fields. However, eor method consumesmuchtime and needsbig effort from initiation to implementation project in the oil fields. Enhanced oil recovery method categories involving thermal injection, chemical injection, gas injection, and other. These method has been applied either in fields pilot scale project or fields trial and eventhough in full project since several years ago. According to the results, there are several challenges to developeor method in Indonesia. First, the oil fields are in mature condition (high water cut, old facilities, depleted pressure, and lack of data). Second, eor method is requiring huge capital investment (capex or opex). Third, for chemical injection supply depends on imported chemical. Fourth, oil price affectthe eor implementation. Fifth, lack of eor expert due to numerous experts are working in overseas multinational oil company. However, based on previous research and studies, eor method such as gas injection and chemical injection are the most promising method in the near future. Unfortunatelly, steamflooding is favorable for heavy oil only. The oil accumulation is limited in Duri Field due to the steamflooding cannot spread to other fields. This research produced worth information particularly about challenges of eor method and the information is very crutial before initiation the eor project in the oil field.
Comparative Analysis of the EOR Mechanisms by Using Low Salinity and Low Hardness Alkaline Water
Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering Volume issue 2017 Comparative analysis of the EOR2017 •
This paper discusses the application of low hardness alkali water compositions (LHAW) as a secondary and tertiary displacement agent for EOR. A comparative analysis of the impact of low salinity water (LSW) and LHAW water on interfacial tension, contact angle on rock, adsorption of ions, emulsion stability and clay swelling is presented. LHAW application contributes to the formation of stable water in oil (w/o) emulsions and a decrease in clay swelling compared to LSW. Adsorption values for both fluids are similar. Contact angle measurements show that both LSW and LHAW reduce interfacial tension compared to Synthetic Caspian Sea water (SCSW), by up to 17% and 94% respectively. Similar results were observed for contact angle measurements. Flooding experiments were conducted in secondary and tertiary modes. In secondary flooding the two water compositions LHAW-2 and LHAW-1 increased the oil recovery (%OOIP) in comparison with SCSW at water breakthrough, by 29% and 25% respectively . The final oil recovery increases were 21% and 15% respectively. In tertiary flooding, tests showed that LHAW-2 and LHAW-1 oil recoveries (%OOIP) compared to LSW were 13 % and 10% respectively. The oil recovery rate for LHAW solutions was not linear versus lnt as was that for LSW. This was proposed as a consequence of emulsions generation while water-cut is below 50% however, above 50% water cut the rate stabilizes.
2021 •
This review paper extends comprehensive study on implementing enhanced recovery schemes in mature oil and gas fields, by discussing the existing EOR techniques that were and are currently utilized by many oil giants. The study discusses the kind of tertiary oil recovery techniques are employed in a mature reservoir to get the residual oil recovered, or any hydrocarbon accumulations that were not recovered by conventional primary and secondary oil recovery techniques. A numerical model using Thermal simulator STARS of CMG Suite 2015 was developed to study the influence of steam flooding in a heavy oil reservoir. The study was carried out in 3 main phases to understand the steam flooding process efficiently along by understanding the screening criteria and the effects of various parameters on the production performance of reservoirs, which includes the effects of injection rates, the kind of composition of injected steam and well pattern and spacing.
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