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2013 •
In an age, where social media is seen to be a new driving force and a vehicle with a significant impact on political transformation and change, this paper highlights some of the paradoxes and challenges it poses. It has become an important platform for the mobilization, organization and implementation of social movements around the world. However, Egypt’s uprising was a function of people, passion and not of any particular communication technology, social media tool or application. It was definitely not the Facebook, Twitter or social media revolution, it was the people uprising that capitalized on state-of-the-art technology to realize a dream of a nation in availing “bread, freedom and social justice.” Having said that, there is no doubt that social media boosted the people’s desire for a better future, democracy and socioeconomic development that was for many decades put on hold by the consecutive regimes that ruled Egypt since 1952. The role of social media was more of a catalyst, a driver, a communication tool that helped as a platform for societal change. Yet, the country is still in a state of flux driven by the force unleased through social media manifested in speeding-up the process and in the dissemination of information across different segments of the society irrespective of their social or economic background, location or age. Expectations are high and aspirations reflect the desire of a nation to level up to its full potential; it is going to take some time but undoubtedly Egypt is on the right track. This paper demonstrates the clash of generations between older state power and younger citizens and the role social media played in the political transformation in the build-up to Egypt’s uprising in January 2011 and beyond.
Electronic Journal of Information Systems in Developing Countries
The Value of Social Media in Egypt's Uprising and Beyond2014 •
Social media represents the emerging driving force in political transformation and change. Its different cutting-edge platform has become invaluable for the mobilization, organization and implementation of social movements around the world. However, there is no one size that fits all. Egypt’s case represents an uprising that was the result of passionate people and not of any specific social media platform. It was definitely not the social media revolution; it was the people uprising that capitalized on social media to realize a dream of a nation in providing “bread, freedom and social justice”. There is no doubt that social media boosted the people’s desire for a better future, democracy, socioeconomic and political development that was for many decades put on hold by consecutive regimes. This article highlights the clash of generations between older state power and younger citizens and the role social media played in the political transformation in the build-up to Egypt’s uprising in January 2011 and beyond.
The Egyptian Uprisings of 2011 was established as a vastly innovative media event that conjured the nostalgia of a global audience. This study discovered social media’s role and its initial impact depicted over the course of the insurrection in the country. When the Internet was first introduced in Egypt in the early 2000’s it was distinguished as a marginal leisure activity for the elite members of society. However, as time progressed and the Internet became accessible to everyone it fostered an instrument for various groups to call for alterations in their communities. Twitter and Facebook served as a fundamental communication device for protestors and groups who filtered their message of change of leadership amongst the youth demographic. Specifically, in Cairo, Egypt social media was a primary instrument utilized by a number of online communities, such as the April 6 Youth Movement and The We are All Khaleed Saaed groups. Both groups utilized Facebook and Twitter to inform demonstrators of the march on Tahrir Square on January 25th. This event witnessed a vast number of Egyptian activists and residents who gathered calling for the immediate dismissal of President Mubarak. In the aftermath of the Tahrir Square President Mubarak relinquished his control and withdrew his position as president after 29 years in office. A number of studies immediately ensued in an attempt to ascertain the contributions Facebook and Twitter had in impacting the results of Mubarak’s extraction from office. The purpose of this study explords two research inquires focusing on the role of social media during the Egyptian Revolution. Emphasis centered on how various groups throughout the region adopted social media as a tool to spread its message of change throughout their communities. The examiner conducted the research by implementing a survey questionnaire and conducting interviews with Egyptian citizens who participated or were affected by the events that occurred during the revolution. The results display the mounting reliance societies are having on advanced digital technology, specifically in the Arab community in regards to social movements and future alterations with their national government. Key terms: Egyptian Revolution, Arab Spring, social media, activism,
International Journal of Media, Journalism and Mass Communications
The Relationship between Egyptian Newspapers and Social Media: Competing or Complementary2019 •
Middle East Media Educator
Social media and its effectiveness in the political reform movement in egypt2011 •
2015 •
The Egyptian uprising in January 2011, widely known as the January 25 Revolution, was initially claimed to have been caused by the Internet. However, the relationship between social media and participation in the anti-regime demonstrations is contested and opaque. This paper explores this relationship through both a theoretical and empirical approach. More concretely, by using two survey data sets, we examine a hypothesis derived from a diffusion model of information and social movement theory. The two key findings are: (1) vanguards of the demonstrations were more active on social media than followers during the revolution, and (2) active bloggers tended to participate in demonstrations against the Mubarak regime. These findings contradict previous findings of social media's limited effect and indicate that social media diminishes the collective action problem in anti-government protests. They also indicate that the concept of political opportunity structure is useful for understanding the revolution.
Through wider and rapid dissemination of information, social media sites (Facebook and Twitter in this article) influence the psychology of the users, making them ready for the collective action. This article analyses the role played by Facebook and Twitter in bringing about political change in Egypt during the Egyptian Uprising of 2011. Drawing insights from social media studies and Foucauldian discourse of power, this article exposes the tussle between the autocratic Egyptian government led by the then president Hosni Mubarak and Egyptian citizens and scrutinizes the horizontal connectivity and dissemination of information, citizen journalism, pervasive nature of power, and multiple resistance sites. It concludes that in materializing their aspirations of right, liberation, and justice along with the economic, social, and political revamp, Egyptian civilians took recourse in digital technologies and freed themselves from thirty-years long dictatorship of Mubarak.
This study aims to examine and investigate the phenomenology of mobile phone technology being used as a form of documentary journalism and dissemination of online media content within social and political movements. This study will draw upon qualitative methods via proposed focus groups and grounded theory to explore this phenomenon using literature on twitter and the Arab Spring from Tunisia to Egypt. The qualitative analysis will incorporate focus groups methods to highlight relationships and display proposed factors such as social normality, gender roles, age in relation to twitter and social network usage in conjunction with social and political movements. It will show how technology has made it easier to post information online from a citizen journalistic viewpoint and globally, the dissemination of information has been revolutionised by modern technology and how society interacts through social network technology. This study will show how people or citizens post media content of life events and how citizens themselves become news outlets using twitter.
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