Following the Egyptian Revolution in 2011, Salafi groups increasingly began to participate in the public sphere. One of these groups was the so-called Salafyo Costa. This group, with predominantly young membership, won the attention of local and international media with their humorous slogan and satirical YouTube videos in which they criticized Egyptian society, particularly its sectarian and political division. They were harshly reprimanded by other Salafi organisations, whom they criticized in turn for their 'insufficient' handling of the concerns of present-day Egypt. In this master's thesis I argue that Salafyo Costa can be seen as a Post-Salafist group, with a horizontalist organisational model.

Academic plagiarism exists in all academic spheres, but contextual factors determine the level, intensity, and forms of it. Over the last few years, the phenomenon of “Ghost Authorship” has become widespread in Iran, and concerns have been expressed regarding this issue, not only by academicians but also by officials. In this study, 143 students participated in a two-step interview study in which they spoke about their experiences on either seeing a ghost author doing the research of someone else in exchange of money or they themselves being a ghost author. In all, 29 students said that they had done it once or so. The in-depth interviews with these 29 students showed how the plagiarism industry works in Iran, who the customers are, how they find each other, and so on.

Writing Studying the Qurʾan in the Muslim Academy emerged out of my personal and academic concerns, which have not been relieved since its publication. Now, my trepi-dations have become more serious and I am becoming more disappointed about the future of religious and Islamic studies. Such concerns have not disappeared, and all we can do is remind the next generation that their field of study as well as their world-view was shaped in accordance with the proclivity of seniors, superiors, job-givers and policy-makers. The current symposium dedicated to my book, to which this is a response, includes essays by well-versed scholars with Muslim backgrounds. They all draw my attention to the diversity, complexity and importance of the notions we use regularly in the study of Islam. Each of the essays suggests how the discourse on method and theory in the study of Islam has changed within the last decade.

The ability of a pavement structure in carrying out its function reduces in line with the increase of traffic load, especially if there are overloaded heavy vehicle passing through the road. Most of the road pavement is designed considering the legal load limit of the vehicles. But that may not be the actual condition and most of the transport enterprenures want to minimize the transport cost making the heavy vehicles overloaded. The impact of overloaded truck traffic includes economic, social and environmental losses. In this study, the effect of overloaded vehicles on the road pavement thickness was analyzed using the AASHTO 1993. Traffic load (ESAL) and Structural Number (SN) were calculated on standard and overloading conditions. The difference due to overloading condition was also presented. Study was done taking the traffic data on NarayanghatMugling road (AH42) segment which is a link between Prithvi Highway and East-West Highway, located in Chitawan district of Narayani zone...

Ritual practices and landscape modifications have long been central themes in the study of the late pre-colonial Amazonian occupation. The debate focused on how, on the one hand, the intensification of rituals and, on the other hand, the increase in landscape changes are related to increases in socio-political inequalities, population growth, territoriality and ideology. Such changes are often correlated with evidence of the transformation of small-scale societies into more complex social formations, sometimes referred to as “chiefdoms”. The coastal region of Amapá was the site of the development of archaeological cultures characterized not only by highly decorated ceramics (often with the plastic representation of humans and animals), but also by the construction of megalithic structures. New prospections and excavations carried out in these structures give us a very good opportunity to understand the relationship between ritual practices, monument construction and cultural change in this region of the Amazon during late prehistory. This article presents a synthesis of practices related to the construction and use of megalithic monuments in the region. I try to show the extreme complexity of ritual practices, adding new information about social formations in the late prehistoric period in the region.

En este curso se pretende proporcionar herramientas para el desempeño profesional del futuro docente del primer periodo en lo referente al manejo numérico y a los múltiples usos que tiene esta competencia en los contextos educativo, científico, social y económico. Se propone que el futuro docente amplíe y profundice su conocimiento sobre el concepto de número al analizar su tratamiento didáctico en estrecha relación con la cualidad que lo distingue: la capacidad de operar mediante la suma, resta, multiplicación y división. Con base en las propiedades de estas operaciones y las del sistema numérico decimal se aborda el estudio de estrategias didácticas para llegar al planteamiento de los algoritmos convencionales de las operaciones aritméticas con base en una clara presentación que garantice que no haya " puntos ciegos " en ellos. De la misma manera se abordan los conceptos de fracción y número decimal, sus aplicaciones y los procesos correspondientes a su formalización, acudiendo al apoyo que brinda el uso de la calculadora científica y los sistemas algebraicos computarizados. Una expectativa mayor de este curso es que los futuros docentes de la Licenciatura en Educación Preescolar comprendan a profundidad los contenidos que involucran el desarrollo de las nociones, conceptos y procedimientos involucrados en el manejo de los números y sus operaciones, de manera que esto les permita disfrutar el estudio de las matemáticas escolares que se abordan en este curso y que apliquen estos conocimientos en el desarrollo del pensamiento cuantitativo que debe cultivarse en el nivel preescolar.