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A wireless, in-situ ultrasonic guided wave structural health monitoring (SHM) system was developed and tested for aircraft wing inspection. It applies small, low cost and light weight piezoelectric (PZT) disc transducer network bonded to the surface of a structure, and an embedded miniature diagnosis device that can generate 350 kHz, 70 V peak-to-peak tone-burst signal; collect, amplify and digitize multiple channel ultrasonic signals; and process the data on-board and transfer them wirelessly to a ground station. The whole system could be powered by an X-band microwave rectenna that converts illuminating microwave energy into DC. The data collected with this device are almost identical with those collected through a direct-wire connection.
AIAA Infotech@Aerospace Conference
Wireless Ultrasonic Transducer Network for Airframe Structure Health Management2009 •
The objective of this study is to develop a wireless ultrasonic structural health monitoring (SHM) system for aircraft wing inspection. In part I of the study (Zhao et al 2007 Smart Mater. Struct. 16 1208–17), small, low cost and light weight piezoelectric (PZT) disc transducers were bonded to various parts of an aircraft wing for detection, localization and growth monitoring of defects. In this part, two approaches for wirelessly interrogating the sensor/actuator network were developed and tested. The first one utilizes a pair of reactive coupling monopoles to deliver 350 kHz RF tone-burst interrogation pulses directly to the PZT transducers for generating ultrasonic guided waves and to receive the response signals from the PZTs. It couples enough energy to and from the PZT transducers for the wing panel inspection, but the signal is quite noisy and the monopoles need to be in close proximity to each other for efficient coupling. In the second approach, a small local diagnostic device was developed that can be embedded into the wing and transmit the digital signals FM-modulated on a 915 MHz carrier. The device has an ultrasonic pulser that can generate 350 kHz, 70 V tone-burst signals, a multiplexed A/D board with a programmable gain amplifier for multi-channel data acquisition, a microprocessor for circuit control and data processing, and a wireless module for data transmission. Power to the electronics is delivered wirelessly at X-band with an antenna–rectifier (rectenna) array conformed to the aircraft body, eliminating the need for batteries and their replacement. It can effectively deliver at least 100 mW of DC power continuously from a transmitter at a range of 1 m. The wireless system was tested with the PZT sensor array on the wing panel and compared well with the wire connection case. (Some figures in this article are in colour only in the electronic version)
2007 •
This work focuses on an ultrasonic guided wave structural health monitoring (SHM) system development for aircraft wing inspection. In part I of the study, a detailed description of a real aluminum wing specimen and some preliminary wave propagation tests on the wing panel are presented. Unfortunately, strong attenuation and scattering impede guided waves for large-area inspection. Nevertheless, small, low-cost and light-weight piezoelectric (PZT) discs were bonded to various parts of the aircraft wing, in a form of relatively sparse arrays, for simulated cracks and corrosion monitoring. The PZT discs take turns generating and receiving ultrasonic guided waves. Pair-wise through-transmission waveforms collected at normal conditions served as baselines, and subsequent signals collected at defected conditions such as rivet cracks or corrosion detected the presence of a defect and its location with a novel correlation analysis based technique called RAPID (reconstruction algorithm for probabilistic inspection of defects). The effectiveness of the algorithm was tested with several case studies in a laboratory environment. It showed good performance for defect detection, size estimation and localization in complex aircraft wing structures.
A prototype wireless guided wave inspection system is realized by using a station monopole antenna as a transmitter, an on-board antenna as transponder, a PVDF comb transducer for generating and receiving ultrasonic Lamb waves in a layered structure, and another portable active monopole antenna as a receiver. Experiments on a 0.8mm thick aluminum plate with a 12mm long, 50% through-the-wall crack clearly showed its feasibility on defect detection. The conventional wired approach and the interim semi-wireless approach are also presented for comparison purpose. Practical leave-on-board antenna designs for aircraft wing are also discussed, along with some preliminary experiments.
Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
An Advanced Multi-Sensor Acousto-Ultrasonic Structural Health Monitoring System: Development and Aerospace Demonstration2017 •
A key longstanding objective of the Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) research community is to enable the embedment of SHM systems in high value assets like aircraft to provide on-demand damage detection and evaluation. As against traditional non-destructive inspection hardware, embedded SHM systems must be compact, lightweight, low-power and sufficiently robust to survive exposure to severe in-flight operating conditions. Typical Commercial-Off-The-Shelf (COTS) systems can be bulky, costly and are often inflexible in their configuration and/or scalability, which militates against in-service deployment. Advances in electronics have resulted in ever smaller, cheaper and more reliable components that facilitate the development of compact and robust embedded SHM systems, including for Acousto-Ultrasonics (AU), a guided plate-wave inspection modality that has attracted strong interest due mainly to its capacity to furnish wide-area diagnostic coverage with a relatively low sensor densi...
Review of Scientific Instruments
Ultrasonic wave-based structural health monitoring embedded instrument2013 •
Insight - Non-Destructive Testing and Condition Monitoring
Flexible ultrasonic transducer arrays for health monitoring of an aircraft component2011 •
2013 •
This paper discusses the development of an Acoustic Emission (AE) wireless node for structural health monitoring. Originally developed for application in steel and concrete bridges components, this instrument has been used in monitoring composite wind turbine blades and composites mockups of Unmanned Autonomous Vehicles (UAV) components. This instrument is a sensor node which includes multiple sensing elements, on board signal processing and analysis capabilities, signal conditioning electronics, power management circuits, wireless data transmission element and energy harvesting unit. The sensing elements should are capable of functioning in both passive and active modes (i.e. Acoustic Emission and Acousto-Ultrasonic mode) while the multiple parametric inputs are used to connect sensors to measure external characteristics affecting the performance of the structure under monitoring. The output of all these sensors would are combined and analyzed at the sensor node in order to minimiz...
Introduction to Industrial Engineering
Introduction to Industrial Engineering2024 •
Industrial engineering has provided a systematic approach to streamline and improve productivity and efficiency. Benefits that can be linked directly to the work of industrial engineers include the following: i. Leaner, more efficient, and more profitable business practices while increasing customer service and quality. ii. Improved efficiency. This improves competitiveness, profitability and reduces resource requirements. iii. The idea of setting labor or time standards. The original production lines in the 1920s were successful because of IEs. The IE profession is timeless and can be molded to fit the times and the place. iv. Good organization and improving productivity-these improvements eliminate or reduce some of the frustrations of life and are essential to the long-term health of business. v. Increased ability to do more with less. vi. Making work safer, faster, easier and more rewarding. vii. Providing a method by which businesses can analyze their processes and try to make improvements to them. It is focused on optimization-doing more with less-and helps to reduce waste in society. viii. Increased cycle time and throughput thus helping more people get their product quicker. ix. Assistance in guiding society and business to care more for their workforce while improving the bottom-line. x. Showing ways to improve the working environment, improving efficiencies and teaching people about ergonomics. xi. Making the world safer through better designed and easier to use products. xii. Reducing costs associated with new technologies, thus allowing more of the population to better their lives by being able to afford technological advances.
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