(PDF) 03+2 | E. Laura Heeg

International capital flows are strongly in uenced by country specific patterns that can be best understood in historical and comparative perspective. A long-term empirical analysis of French and German investment in Spain reveals that the core capabilities of foreign frms and their relations with local partners have spurred the rise and development of two national models of international investment, characterized here as “political” and “technical.” The research identifes the main actors and ownership advantages of the two models, which have proved resilient over time.

An identifying code C is a subset of the vertices of the square grid \mathbbZ^2 with the property that for each element v of \mathbbZ^2, the collection of elements from C at a distance of at most one from v is nonempty and distinct from the collection of any other vertex. We prove that the minimum density of C within \mathbbZ^2 is 720.

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