OMS No. 1024-0018 NPS Fonn 10- 900 (Rev. Aug. 2002) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES REGISTRATION FORM This form is for use in nominating or requesting determinations for individual properties and districts. See insbuciions in How to Complete the National Register of Historic Places Registration Form (National Register Bulletin 16A).Complete each item by marking "x" in the appropriate box or by entering Me information requested. If any item does not apply to the property being documented, enter "NIA" for "not applicable." For functions, architectural classification, materials. and areas of significance, enter only categories and subcategories from the instructions. Place additional entnes and narrative items on continuation sheets (NPS Form 10-900a). Use a typewriter, word processor, or computer, to complete all items. 1. Name of Property - The Grove other nameslsite number DHR# 016-0012 historic name 2. L o c a t i o n street & number city or town state . 331 15 Mount Gideon Road Hanover vicinity code Virqinia not for publication-NIA- county, Countv of Caroline code 033 zip code 23069 3. StatelFederal Agency Certification x As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act, as amended, I hereby certify that this nominationr e q u e s t for determination of eligibility meets the documentation standards for registering properties in the National Register of Historic Places and meets does not meet meets the procedural and professional requirements set forth in 36 CFR Part 60. In my opinion, the property the National Register Criteria. I recommend that this property be considered significant n a t i o n a l l y - locally. ( S e e continuation sheet for additional comments.) statewide J - -. - &.>- . Signature ofcertifying official Virginia Department of Historic Resources State or Federal Agency or Tribal government Date In my opinion, the property -meets -does not meet the National Register criteria. ( -See comments.) Signature of commenting officialrritle State or Federal agency and Date bureau 4. National Park Service Certification I, hereby certify that this property is: e n t e r e d in the National Register -See continuation sheet. -determined eligible for the National Register -See continuation sheet. -determined not eligible for the National Register -removed from the National Register o t h e r (explain): Signature of the Keeper Date of Action continuation sheet for additional The Grove Caroline County, Virginia 5. Classification Ownership of Property (Check as many boxes as apply) Category of Property (Check only one box) X private -x- building(s) -district -site structure -object _ public4ocal _ publicState -publicf ederal Number of Resources within Property Contributing Noncontributing 3 --6 - buildings -2-0-sites -1 -0- structures -0-0- objects -6-6 Total Number of contributing resources previously listed i n the National Register A Name of related multiple property listing (Enter "NIA" if property is not part of a multiple property listing.) n/a 6. Function or Use Historic Functions (Enter categories from instructions) Cat: DOMESTIC Sub: DOMESTIC AGRICULTURE FUNERARY Current Functions (Enter categories from instructions) Cat: DOMESTIC Sub: DOMESTIC AGRICULTURE FUNERARY Sinqle Dwellinq Secondan, Structure Processinq Cemeterv Sinqle Dwellinq Secondarv Structure Animal Facilitv Cemeterv Architectural Classification (Enter categories from instructions) ColoniallEarl~Republic: Vernacular Mid lgthCentuw: Greek Revival Mid 20IhCentuw: Colonial Revival Materials (Enter categories from instructions) Foundation Brick roof Wood Shinqles. Asphalt Shinqles, Corruqated Metal walls Wood Weatherboard. Corruqated Metal other nla Narrative Description (Describe the historic and current condition of the property on one or more continuation sheets.) See continuation Sheet The Grove Caroline County, Virginia 8. Statement o f Significance Applicable National Register Criteria (Mark "x" in one or more boxes for the criteria qualifying the property for National Register listing) -A Property is associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of our history. -B Property is associated with the lives of persons significant in our past. X . C - Property embodies the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction or represents the work of a master, or possesses high artistic values, or represents a significant and distinguishable entity whose components lack individual distinction. -D Property has yielded, or is likely to yield information important in prehistory or history. Criteria Considerations (Mark "X" in all the boxes that apply.) A owned by a religious institution or used for religious purposes. -B removed from its original location. -C a birthplace or a grave. -D a cemetery. -E a reconstructed building, object, or structure. -F a commemorative property. less than 50 years of age or achieved significance within the past 50 years. -G Areas of Significance (Enter categories from instructions) ARCHITECTURE Period of Significance Significant Dates c. 1787-1920 c. 1787, c. 1797, 1858. 1868 Significant Person (Complete if Criterion B is marked above) Cultural Affiliation N/A Architect/ Builder Unknown NIA Narrative Statement o f Significance (Explain the significance of the property on one or more continuation sheets.) See continuation Sheet 9. Maior Biblioara~hicalReferences (Cite the books, articles, and other sources used in preparing this form on one or more continuation sheets.) Previous documentation o n file (NPS) _ preliminary determination of individual listing (36 CFR 67) has been requested. -previously listed in the National Register -previously determined eligible by the National Register -designated a National Historic Landmark -Xrecorded by Historic American Buildings Survey # Unknown #- AUQ.1957. H.C. Johnson. Jr. _ recorded by Historic American Engineering Record # The Grove Caroline County. Virginia Primary Location of Additional Data State Historic Preservation Office -Other State agency -Federal agency -Local government _ University _ Other Name of repository: -Virginia Department of Historic Resources -C J 10. Geographical Data Acreage of Property 68.03 UTM References (Place additional UTM references on a continuation sheet) Zone Easting Northing 1 18s 0291480 4187080 Zone Easting Northing 2 Zone Easting Northing 3 - Zone Easting Northing 4 - -x- See continuation sheet, Verbal Boundary Description (Describe the boundaries of the property on a continuation sheet.) Boundary Justification (Explain why the boundaries were selected on a continuation sheet.) 11. Form Prepared By nameltitle W. Scott Smith, Manaainq Partner date 28 December 2008 Organization The Antiquaries. LC street & number Post Office Box 75 telephone 434-401-3995 Lvnchburq city or town zip code 24505 state Virqinia Additional Documentation Submit the following items with the completed form: Continuation Sheets Maps A USGS map (7.5 or 15 minute series) indicating the property's location. A sketch map for historic districts and properties having large acreage or numerous resources. Photographs Representative black and white photographs of the property. Additional items (Check with the SHPO or FPO for any additional items) Property Owner (Complete this item at the request of the SHPO or FPO.) name Javne Maire Massie street & number 331 15 Mt. Gideon Road city or town Hanover state Virqinia telephone 804-648-2012 zip code 23069 ............................................................................................. .............................................................................................. Paperwork Reduction Act Statement: This information is being collected for applications to the National Register of Historic Places to nominate properties for listing or determine eligibility for listing, to list propeaes, and to amend existing listings. Response to this request is required to obtain a benefit in accordance with the National Historic Preservation Act, as amended (16 U.S.C. 470 et seq.). A federal agency may not conduct or sponsor, and a person is not required to respond to a collection of information unless it displays a valid OM0 control number. Estimated Burden Statement: Public reporting burden for this form is estimated to average 36 hours per response including the time for reviewing instructions. gathering and maintaining data, and completing and reviewing the form. Direct comments regarding this burden estimate or any aspect of this form to the National Reg~sterof Historic Places. National Park Service. 1849 C St.. NW, Washington. DC 20240. OMB No. 1024-0018 NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CON1'INUATION SHEET Section 7 Page The Grove Caroline County, Virginia 1 NARRATIVE DESCRIPTION Summary The Grove occupies a 68.03 acre tract of land in the southern part of Caroline County on the east side of Mr. Gideon Road, whch is designated as the "Washmgton-Rochambeau Revolutionary Route." The Grove is a two-and-a-half ston-, three bay frame house that is sited approximately twenty feet from the road, and is surrounded b r a number of domestic and agricultural resources. The propertv consists of a mix of open fields and dense woodlands, whch are split br deep ravines containing tributaries of &I111Creek, whch feeds into the nearby Pamunkey River. Building technology and documentary evidence suggest that The Grove was constructed as a nvo-and-a-half-stoq, one-cell-per-floor frame house ca. 1787 during the ownershp of a woman named Susannah Foster. It was expanded into a center hall plan d w e l h g shortly thereafter, ca. 1800, and expanded again in the mid-19th century. The Grove is an excellent example of an 181h century house along a former stagecoach route that evolved to meet the needs of its occupants throughout the 191hand well into the 20thcenturies. The Grove H o u s e 'l'he Grove is a two-and-a-half ston-, three-bar, gable-roofed frame d w e h g which faces west and lies appro-ximately hvenh' feet from the east side of LIt. Gideon Road. Thought to have been consaucted in at least five building campaigns, the house presents an escellent example of the evolution of a Tidewater Vuginra farmhouse during the 18ti', 191h,and 20th centuries. Todav, the house presents itself as a three-bay dwelhg with a central passage, covered by bltnd-nailed, beaded \\--catherboarding.The side-gabled roof of the main section of the house is a 12/12 pitch, and is covered by wooden shakes, whlch were installed by the hlassies to replace a 19Ihcentury standmg seam metal roof. Several wooden shmgles, thought to represent the original roofing material, have been located in the garret of the main house. The roof is trimmed with a simple box cornice and flush rake boards. The d w e h g rests on a low brick foundation, and is flanked by two pairs of brick chunneys on its gable ends. NPS Form 10-900-a OMB No. 1024-0018 (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET The Grove Caroline County, Virginia Section 7 Page 2 .\t Ienst fire b d l n g campaigns have caused the d w e h g ' s erolunon. Phase I (the southern section), consists of what was lilielr a two-bay. nvo-and-a-half ston-, single-cell-per-floor b d d m g constructed in the earlr fourth quarter of the eighteenth centun.. Phase I1 (the northern section), comprises the bulk of the house as it is seen from the road, and consists of a thirn-foot-long, nvo-and-a-half s t o n addtion to the north of Phase I. Subsequent alterations, includmg the installation of newer windows in the nineteenth centun- (and probable reconfiguration of the fenestration pattern on the front I\rest] facade) and the installation of replacement clapboards in the mid twentieth century, mask the &stinctions bemeen Phases I and I1 to the casual obsen-er. Phase 111 consists of a one-stoq, shed roofed addtion along the rear (east) facade that \vas added in the mid-nineteenth century. Phase n' is represented bj- the construction of several small uthtarian a d l u o n s on the south and east facades of the d u x e h g later in the nineteenth centun-. ri single-ston, shedroofed enclosed porch was bu~ltalong the length of the east (rear) facade in the mid twentieth centun, and is designated as Phase I-. Building Phase I: The Southern Section The southern section of the house k e l r began in the fourth quarter of the eighteenth century as a nvo-and-a-half-story, one-ceU-per-floor house whch measured approslmately 18' deep and 20' long on the exterior. Based on extant slrmlar buildmgs in the regon, thls \&-asprobably a nvo-bar dwelltng, although possible evidence of t h s is masked by new clapboards that were installed bl- the late nineteenth century and replaced in the mid twentieth c e n m . Potential remnants of the nvo-bar origins of t h s phase are the nvo six-over-six windows on the rear (east) second-story facade. This is the onlr secnon of the house that has a cellar, whch is accessed from the esterior bv a pair of graceful six-paneled doors at the base of a shed ad&tion at the south end of the house. Architectural evidence suggests that these doors were once located flush with the end of the house, but were moved ouhvard when a small shed addition was b d t over this space in the late 191h centun-. The doors are hung on large HL hinges, and are secured bv a wrought iron hasp. The cellar is lit by a palr of three-pane windows on the west side, and the floor has been partially infilled with fine crushed stone to fachtate drainage. 'The exterior foundation of the cellar w h c h is readilr risible (the western, or front face) presents a mix of bond sh-les. inclulng Flemish bond, running bond, and running bond with a soldier course at the top of the foundation (these various sections are separated br the cellar windows). AU of t h s brickwork lsplays signs of heavy repair and replacement. Howex-er, the interior of the cellar is finished in English bond, whch suggests an 18thcentunr o r i p . This section of the house rests on massix-e hewn oak sills, measuring approsimatelr 10" ~ 1 0 "Li . s d a r l y sized beam runs east to west, NPS Foml 10-900-a (8-86) OM6 No. 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Section 7 Page The Grove Caroline County, Virginia 3 and supports the hearth of the room abor-e. The remaining floor joists are hewn on at least m o sides, and displar characteristic signs of pit sawing on the thud visible face. On the southern wall of the cellar, a small storage niche is created br the presence of a relieling arch, whlch is supported by a wooden h t e l . Remnants of storage shelves h e a portion of the eastern wall of the cellar. A double-shouldered Flemish bond chimney wblth tiled weatherings and grapevine mortar joints (whch measures 5' 9" across bv 3' 6" deep on the outside) is located on the south gable end of thls section. The chamber on the first floor of the house is lit by one large six-over-six window on the front (west) facade (Uely a mid1 9 I " centun replacement), and is accessed by doonvavs in the southeastern and northeastern corners of the room. The floor consists of narrow pine boards, whch cover the origmal wider pine boards. A dogleg, boxed staircase probablr occupied the northwestern section of the room, as evidenced by flooring joints on the second floor. A simple mantel (representative of the mid-19Ih centun~)adorns the fireplace on the south wall. The ceiling is nine feet tall, and the joint between the c e h g and walls is trimmed by a short profile crown mouldmg installed by the hlassies. Also installed by the &lassie family is a storage closet on the east wall of the room. Accordmg to Catherine h g H a d t o n (1892-1980), a former owner of The Grove and relative of the CYiortham Fad!., the east lvall of a later addition (see Phase 111below) contains two windows w h c h were removed from the first floor of this section of the house (it is not known whether the\- originated on the front or rear fagade) . These two windows contain nine over nine sash that are divided by r e n ~ l d (1.25") e muntins with a Roman profde, w h c h are typical of the 18'11centun. The frames feature a massive bullnosed s~llwhch is fastened to the vertical members by a pair of large esposed pegs. Thc second floor of this section of the house is divided into two chambers. A stair hall contains a boxed, dog-legged staircase to the garret and storage cabinetry installed bv the Massies; the flooring exhibits evidence of a staitcase u-hich once connected thls space with the f i s t floor chamber. h single six-over-six window (measuring 3' 9" x 2' 3") with wide, Roman-profile muntins is located in the rear wall of &s hallway. A bed chamber occupies the southern portion of t h s section. It is illuminated b r a small six-ox-er-sixwindow on the rear (east) wall, and a large six-over-six window on the front (west) wall. ,in arched fieplace, w h c h is capped by a simple shelf mantel added by the hlassies, occupies the south aall. The hridmg wall between the stair hall and thls bedchamber consists of random-width, beaded vertical panehg. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB No. 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Section 7 Page The Grove Caroline County, Virginia 4 The garret ( t h d floor) of this section is accessed by the boxed staircase prel-iously mentioned. A solid balustrade consisting of rerucal beaded boards separates the main l i ~ i n gspace from the steep stairwar. This space is unheated. but &splays evidence that it was origmally plastered. Extant lathe n d s are fully hand-wrought. The west wall of the stakva!retains some of its plaster, but where the plaster has decayed brick n o g p g can be seen in the exterior n-all. T h s noging can also be seen in a late 1950s photo taken when sidmg replacement work was being performed on the south wall of the house. The rafters are joined at the peak with a mortise and tenon bridle joint, and rest on a plate that sits on top of the floor joists. The rafters in this section are reinforced by four diagonal braces, which are let into the rafters, and help provide rigdin- to the roof structure. The northernmost rafter in h s section is paired with a rafter that sigmfies the beginning of the roof structure of the second phase of construction (see below). T'isible framing members in the garret appear to hare been ripped by a sash saw; some have hewn faces. The knee walls and gable end walls are trimmed with a simple beaded mopboard, and the southern gable wall is pierced by a single double-hung hvo-over-four windo\v (on the west side of the chunner). The hvo-pane sash on h s window &splays the wide muntins found in other \vindo\vs in t h s section of the house. The northern gabled wall contains a four-panel door hung on HL hinges that leads to the remainder of the garret, along with a double-bead chalr rail. Building Phase 11: The Northern Section During the late or early 191hcentuv, the 30' long northern section was probably added to the existing house, creating a central passage plan. Tlus section rests on a crawlspace created by a Flemish bond brick foundation with grapevine joints. The floor joists of the first floor are more regularly shaped than those in the previously described section, and exhibit vertical sash saw markings. The chunney on the northern gable end is double-shouldered with asymmetrical tiled \+-eatherings,and is finished in the Flemish bond pattern with grapevine mortar joints. Tlus chimney is somewhat larger than the one found on the southern end, as it measures 7' wide by 3' 8" deep on the outside. The line of &vision between Phases I and 11, whde obscured b!- nineteenth century reconfiguration of windows on the front f a ~ a d eand several replacements of clapboard sidmg, can sall be identified on the front (west) by a vertical butt joint in the brick foundation, a break in the cornice mouldmg, and a noticeable irregularity of the roof surface. In the interior of the dwelling, the change benveen Phases I and I1 is marked br a slight change in floor level on the second floor. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB No. 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Section 7 Page The Grove Caroline County, Virginia 5 The first floor is lvided into nvo sections. An 11' \vide central passage contains a dogleg, closed stringer staircase. The lon-er t h d of t h ~ sstaircase is supported by a small paneled closet, which is secured by a four-paneled door (hung with HL hmges). The interior of h s door is s d covered with its o r i p a l rello\v ochre paint. The front door is Ten. \vide, and is surrounded bv a transom and sidelights. This doonvay, along with the front porch, was probably installed in the h d b d d n g phase. .ilarge opening on the east wall of this space opens into a rear hallway, a doonvay underneath the staircase (east wall) opens into the chamber described in Phase I, and a doonvay in the north wall leads to the Parlor. The Parlor measures approximately 17' s 1 7 , and is Lit on the west wall by a large six-over-six windolr-. The fireplace, which is trimmed with a simple mid-lgchc e n m mantel, is located on the north wall. A six-over-six double-hung windonlocated to the right of the fireplace provides addtional light to the room. hiassie farmlr members think that an exterior doonvay once existed to the left of the fireplace, but no visible physical evidence of this was located during h s study. Simple baseboards in t h s room are decorated with a faux marble paint treatment. The layout of the second floor of thls section 1s slmilar to that of the first. An 11' wide stair hall is located at the southern end of t h s section. ;\ doonvav on the south wall leads to the Phase I section of the house (a small change in floor level helps mark the change). A closet (now bathroom) is can-ed out of h s hall. and 1s walled with vertical beaded board paneling. The four-panel door that secures t h s room is hung on HL hinges. ;\ doonvay leading to a bedchamber is located on the north &,allof the hallway. One small six-over-six double-hung \vindom pierces the rear (east) wall of the hall, and a large six-o\-er-six window Illuminates what is now the bathroom. The northern bedchamber measures approximately 17' s I?', is lit by a small six-over-six windo\<-on the east wall, and a large six-over-six window on the west wall. .in archedfireplace (1~-itha mantel shelf installed by the Massies) occupies the northern wall. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Section 7 Page The Grove Caroline County, Virginia 6 The garret space of the IJhase I1 section is accessed via the staircase to the garret of the Phase I section. A four panel door (hung on HL lunges) leads from the older section of the house to the Phase I1 garret. The northern wall is lit bv a pair of nt-c-o-over-fourwindows. The walls and c e h g s of h s section also exhibit evidence of past plastering, and remaining lathe nails are also fully hand-wrought. The mopboard along the base of the walls in thls section is slightly taller than that in the Phase I section. The roof framing is s d a r to that of the adjacent section, but the rafters are only braced by two, lighterweight, dagonal braces on the northern end of the house. The rafters of this section are also sash-sawn, but dsplar less oxidation (are lighter in color) than those of the Phase I section. Building Phase 111: The Eastern Shed Addition This addtion was probably built by Robert T. Wortham circa 1858' to provide additional space for hls famdy and medc:~l practice. The structure runs the entire length of the east (rear) side of the house, is one story in height, and is covered bv a shed roof. Hou-ever. instead of showing the rake of the shed roof, a parapet wall was bullt to g v e a more formal appearance on each end. A pair of double-shouldered chunneys, mirroring the stvle of the older chimneys on the house, anchor the north and south ends of the addtion. The southern chunney is f i s h e d in five-course .imerican bond, but the northernmost c h n e v seems to be running (stretcher) bond, with only two complete courses of headers visible on the entire structure. The addition is dvided into three cells. The southernmost room now senres as a dmmg room, and is lit by two nine-over- nine windows (see description for the main chamber of Phase I) on the eastern wall. A doorway leads out of the southern nall into a later addtion (this probably origmally provided ready access to an outdoor lutchen), and also out of the northern wall into the central passage. The mantel surroundmg the fireplace in thls room is consistent with the others found on the f i s t floor of the house. It is probable that Wortham updated the trim in the older sections of the house n-hen he built thls addtion. OMB No. 1024-0018 NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CON'IINUATION SHEET Section 7 7 Page The Grove Caroline County, Virginia 7 I he central passage measures appromnately 13' deep by 11' wide, and contains a (formerly) exterior doon\-ay on its east 7 wall that is identical to the front door on the west wall of the central passage in the Phase I1 section. T h s hallway contains a n-ooden strip with cast metal coat hooks on the northern wall. These hooks are said to have been provided for patients of Dr. Wortham, who waited in thls hallway. The northern room of the addition measures approximatelv 13' deep bv I?' wide, and contains a fireplace on its northern wall. A narrow four-over-four window illuminates h s room, and is located to the right of the fireplace. Tradtion holds that h s chamber was used by Dr. Wortham as h s esamination room. -1 doon\-a\. on the east wall leads out to a later addtion, whch contains a bathroom. Building Phase IV: The 19th Century Southern and Eastern Additions In 1868, the Worthams made improvements to the house that caused its value to increase by approsirnately twenF ' percent. Tlus increase in value probably reflects a series of additions that were made to the house on the southern and ' one-room shed addtion was added to the southwestern comer of the Phase I section of the houses. T h s eastern sides. 1 adltion now contains a bathroom and exhbits construction methods representative of the mid to late 19th century, includmg circular saw marks on framing members and vertical board-and-batten sidmg. 'inother shed-roofed addttion on the southern end of the Phase 111 addition connects the house to a building that appears to have been moved from its original location and connected to the house. This budding (now addition) is raised on brick piers (the spaces in between the piers have now been filled nith brick) and has a relatirelv low-pitched roof. The structural members underneath were cut by a circular saw, and are arranged in a manner consistent with being origmally built as a free-standing edifice (a \\rooden sill plate runs the perimeter of the buildmg, which is not fully integrated with the framing of the adjacent adltions on the house. The majoritv of the interior space of t h ~ addltion s serves as the modern kitchen. Another small, shed roofed addtion was constructed off of the rear (east) side of the room that is said to have served as Dr. Wortham's melcal office. This addtion now sen-es as a bathroom. OMB No. 1024-0018 NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Section 7 Page The Grove Caroline County, Virginia 8 -- Building Phase V: The 20th Century Southern and Eastern Additions *\fter acqluring the house in 1956, the hfassies added a screened-in porch along the rear of the house, w h c h has since been enclosed. .\]so, Mrs. hlassie had a small gable-roofed adhaon b d t on the southern end of the house that f~Uedin space benveen nvo older addtions. T h s room sen-es as a sunroom for culdvating plants. Smokehouse: Contributing Building, early 19thcentury just to the east of the main house is a timber-framed, gable-roofed, smoke house, which is npical of the early 1 9 1centun-. ~ The buildmg is covered bv beaded clapboard sidmg and rests on a concrete foundation and floor (both mid to late twentieth centun- addldons or repairs) Framing members posses a combination of sash saw and hand hewing marks. Several o r i ~ h ameat l hooks (made from forks in tree branches) remain inside the budding. The smokehouse's board and batten door is secured with iron strap hmges. Pumphouse: Non-Contributing Building, late 20thcentury South of the main house is a small buildmg with a hpped roof w h c h contains the pump that moves water from the well to the water tower (see below). The pump was made by the F.E. hlrers Company of Ashland, Oho. The pump itself is historic, and the buildng is sited above the historic well, but the entire structure of the budding has been replaced outside of the properm's period of sipficance @robablr in the earlr fourth quarter of the twentieth century). Water Tower: Contributing Sttucture, c. 1920 Between the main house and the pumphouse is a hvo-stow-tall water tower, w h c h stores water pumped from the well, and provides sipficant head pressure to indoor plumbing f ~ ~ t u rw e si t h the main house. The cylindrical tank, which appears to be constructed of wooden staves, is supported b\- a series of lightweight steel trusses (connected by rivets that make up the toner, and is covered b\- a conical roof. .A canvalk with ralling encircles the water tank. OMB No. 1024-0018 NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUK~IONSHEET Section 7 Page The Grove Caroline County, Virginia 9 Garage: Non-Contributing Building, late 20th century The nvo-car garage is located to the southeast of the main house, and is clad in beaded weatherboards. The gambrel roof pro\-ides a storage loft above the automobile storage space below. T h s b d d m g replaced a smaller one that was esrant when the Alassies acquired the property. Xlr. XIassie r e b d t the garage to its present size so that it would accommodate the construction of a small airplane, but that project was never begun. Tool Shed: Non-Contributing Building, late 20thcentury The tool shed lies to the southeast of the garage, and is a frame structure covered by a low-pitched gable roof and clad in beaded weatherboard. Tractor Shed: Non-Contributing Building, mid to late 20thcentury The tractor shed is located to the east of the garage, and is clad in T-1 1 1 sidmg. The off-center gable roof is covered blcorrugated metal, and the shed's floor is concrete. Thls b d d m g replaced a similar, but smaller shed that was extant b u t in poor condition) when the hiassies acquired the propern. Tobacco Barn: Contributing Building, early 19th century The tobacco barn lies to the southeast of the complex of domestic outbddmgs associated with the main house. The timber-framed b d d m g follows a form common to the early 19t11century, has a steeply pitched gable roof, and a box cornice. A s d a r barn stands at nearby hit. Gideon, but was identified as an early 19'h century granary in the 1991 "Historic Archtectural Survey of Caroline County, L'irginia". W e the buildmg lacks the pungent odor of cured tobacco found in manr other tobacco barns, other features, includmg the open, airy intenor construction suggest that the f a d y traltions associated with t h s buildmg match the historic use. Inside, numerous cross-members @oth sawn and natural) help support the structure and provide a footing for temporaq storage lofts or the hanging of crops. The wooden materials used in the barn are representative of various time periods. Some are hewn with sash sawn faces, others are complere11-sash sawn, and sull others &splay circular saw marks. OM6 No. 1024-0018 NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Section 7 Page The Grove Caroline County, Virginia 10 The sawn rafters are connected at the peak of the roof b!. a ridge board. The roof is covered in standing-seam metal, and the esterior is clad in a combination of standmg seam-metal and corrugated metal. The tall barn door is hung by wrought iron strap hmges. A low, off-center, gable-roofed addtion on the north side of the buildmg sen-es as a stable. Stable: Non-Contributing Building, mid to late 20thcentury The stand-alone stable (as opposed to the one attached to the tobacco barn) stands just north of the tobacco barn. It is covered bv a corrugated metal, off-center gable roof, and is clad by T-11 1 siding. The buildmg contains for animal stalls, whlch open on the south side of the bullding into a small fenced lot. Currently, two donkeys and a miniature pony reside in the stable. Wortham-Peatross Cemetery: Contributing Site The cemeten is located in the backyard of the main house, approximately 100' to the east. It contains 31 graves rangmg in burial date from 1869 to 1980. The cemeten is rectangular in shape, and is enclosed by a wrought iron fence supported by 20thcentury brick pillars. Many of the grave markers are 20fhcentury granite replacements. The oldest marker stone is that of Dr. Robert T. Wortham from 1880, and is made of marble. The following is a listing of the marked graves within the cemetery (order: counterclockwise from entry gate) lane Mason Peatross 1843-1897 lean Scott Peatross 1872-1891 Julia Samuel Peatross 1835-1885 Susan Matilda Peatross 1831-1891 Robert Sale Peatross 1805-1880 Sterhg Wortham 1865-1869 hian Scott Wortham 1800-1872 Robert Timothy Wortham June 16, 1821-May 28, 1880 Isabel K'ortham 1870-1882 2rlar~Fletcher Wortham April 1, 1833-February 3, 1906 Annie Wortham 1867-1869 (same marker) NPS Form 10-900-a OM6 No. 1024-0018 (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Section 7 Page 11 Janie Evelyn Wortllam 1874-1915 Robert O h Wortham 1861-1925 Alan- Elizabeth Wortham 1857-1926 Catherine b November 19,1892-August 9,1980 g Hadton Henn. Rufus H a d t o n March 4, 1886- December 12, 1957 Bessie L. Peatross 1868-1954 Cecil I'eatrosss 1866-1943 Lena Peatross 1878-1951 Nary Peatross 1880-1952 Warner Gur Wortham 1864-1928 Xlaude E. Wortham 1877-1955 Charles Thomas Wortham 1872-1936 Molhe Peatross Wortham 1922 (infant) lane Elizabeth Wortham 1823-1900 Walter Samuel Peatross 1876-1942 Leila hIorgan Peatross March 3, 1875-August 19, 1959 Robert Wortham Peatross September 20, 1873-January 2, 1920 Warner hiason Peatross 1877-1918 Walter Scott Peatross 1842-1911 .lnnir Ferrell Morris 1898-1899 Frances Peatross hiorris 1870-1898 The Grove Caroline County, Virginia NPS Form 10-900-a OMB No. 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Senrice NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Section 7 Page The Grove Caroline County, Virginia 12 Guest House: Non-Contributing Building I.ocated to the north of the main house, the guest house is a simple, typical mid-20'11 centun- Cape C o d - s ~ l eframe house with a gable roof, asphalt shingles, and composite sidmg. The house was built by the hlassies in 1962 to accommodate J a p e Slaire hlassie's mother. It is now occupied br The Grove's farm manager. Icehouse: Contributing Site A large pit, approximatelv 25' in diameter, and 10' deep, marks the site of The Grove's former icehouse. T h s site is located on a ridge to the south of the house and overlooks a branch of hiill Creek. This ridge may have been the site of slave quarters (late 19''l/early 20thcentun- photographs show several buildings) but their exact location is unknown. Future archeological investigation of t h s ricinin- is k e l ,r to rield . clues to the location of these bulldmgs. NPS Form 10-900-a OMB No. 1024-0018 (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Section 8 Page The Grove Caroline County, Virginia 13 NARRATIVE STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Summary By the second half of the cenmry, lower Caroltne Counm was well established as an important thoroughfare for people and goods t r a l - e h g between fichmond and Wilhamsburg and points farther north, includmg Fredericksburg. Alexandria, Georgetown, Baltimore, and Philadelpha. During this time, large plantation owners began to subhride their holdmgs as families grew, and addtional dwellings were constructed along the "Stage Road" that was to become C.S. Route 2. Building technology and documentary evidence suggest that The Grove was constructed as a two-and-a-halfston, one-cell-per-floor frame house ca. 1787 during the ownershp of a woman named Susannah Foster. It was expanded into a center hall plan d w e h g shortly thereafter, ca. 1800, and expanded again in the mid-19' c e n t q - . The Grove is an excellent example of an 18th century house along the Stage Road that evolved to meet the needs of its occupants throughout the 19thand well into the 20th centuries. The property was likely the scene of American Revolution activih that largely occurred because of the property's proximitv to the Stage Road and Littlepage's Bridge on the Pamunker fiver. The Grove is eligible for listing at the local level on the National Register of Historic I'laces under Criterion C in the area of archtecture, as it hsplavs hghly intact archtectural craftsmanship from the 181h and mid 151thcenturies in the upper Tidewater reson, and is representative of an under-documented form and plan of d w e h g found in southern Caroline Counh. The Period of Significance is from ca. 1787 (the date of construction for the earliest part of the house) to ca. 1920 for the construction of the water tower (whch represents the last sipficant hstoric addtion to the house or complex). OMB No. 1024-0018 NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Section 8 Page The Grove Caroline County, Virginia 14 Historical Context In 1714, Thomas Devenport (Dax-enport) patented 31 1 acres adjoining Colonel Edward Hill (of Slurley Plantation), 'l'homas lones, Samuel Wfiams, and David A h d e n o nUI what mas then Kmg Wiham County, just north of the Pamunkelhver. Davenport paid one pound, fire shillings for the land, and agreed to bring two in&~idualsuoseph Woodnut and Wfiam Compten) into the Colony of \'irgma.i Thls tract of land was well-suited to farming, as it occupied the majority of a relauvely level prominence that rises approximately one hundred feet above the Parnunkey Rn-er basin. Dex-d's Woodyard Swamp, a complex network of marshy bottomland surrounded by steep escarpments. lay just to the east, and was largely owned by Thomas Jones of New Kent County. "I is likely that Davenport b d t some sort of a structure on the property and began cultivating the land shortly after he acquired it, as the requirement to "plant and seat" a patent was being actircl!- enforced in hls neighborhood. ' In 1'23, Caroline Counn- was formed from parts of IGng Wfiam, Essex, and k g & Queen Counties. .is most of Caroline Counw's records (particularlr deed books) were burned whde being stored in hchmond IXI 1865, the tra&tional "linear" method of tracing property for the nest centu? cannot be employed. Alsa result, little is known of Darenport's activities on the land. Thomas Davenport &ed in Cumberland County in 1775', and likely &vested himself of the properc before he moved westward. Local historians report that the land surroundmg the sites of The Grove and Elson Green ' (016-O('109) was owned b!- Duncan Graham, a prominent merchant. Although no record of the 311 acre tract being mansferred to Graham has been found, the Davenport f a d r u7as known to hun.and he purchased an unknown quantity of land from kchard and Kesiah Davenport in 1765. The next year, Graham advertised that he had "Three hundred acrcs of well timbered level land.. . . . .about three miles from hiantahick plangohick] church, and on the main road [probably Route 301." hlangohlck Church (050-0031) is located approximately f i ~ miles ~ e due east of The Grove, and it is possible that Graham was s e h g a portion of hls larger landholdings in the area. OMB No. 1024-0018 NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Section 8 Page The Grove Caroline County, Virginia 14 I t has been said that 'I'he Grove mas a stagecoach tarem in the 18thcentury. ') However, while its placement dLt.ectl!- on the main road suggests a commercial purpose. little priman- source documentation has been located to support h s . Several members of the hlassie farmly (current owners of The Grove) remember readmg a traveler's & a n that specificall!. mentioned "staving at a Tavern called the Grove, five d e s north of Hanover Court House" in either 1733 or 1730. .\ number of 18"' centun. travel narratives hare been searched, and h s reference has not yet been re-located. Former Carolme County Clerk of Court, Thomas Ehott Campbell, compiled an estensive list of ninety indviduals who were lssued licenses to operate taverns from 1733 through 1781. N o name that is known to be associated with The Grove appears on this list. Furthermore, Campbell wrote that, in 1953, only four of Carolme County's colonial taverns were standtng (Todd's at Ydlboro, Johnston's at Wright's Fork, Broaddus' at Sparta, Farish's in B o u - h g Green). I" i\ samplmg of Caroline County Personal Property Tax records for the years 1783, 1796, 1800, 1817, and 1820 was conducted to search for f a d a r names in the list of ordman. licensees. Between four and eight ordmaries were licensed each pear, but again, no indv~dualsknown to be associated with The Grore are listed. I' This does not completely refute the tradtion that The Grove sen-ed as a tavern, as one of the keepers hsted could have rented the buildtng w~thoutowning it (a common practice in Virginia towns and cities). Duncan Graham &ed in 1780, lealing h s son Robert as executor of hls estate. In the late summer of the nest year, Simeon De\T7itt, Geographer to The Cnited States Armr, mapped the vicinity as a section of his set of maps ordered by George \Vashmgton on 29 August, 1781. DeWitt's job was to sun7erthe roads leading to the hiiddle Peninsula of irirgirlia (and Cornlvalhs' army entrenched at Yorktown). Vi'ashmgton wrote to DeWitt, "I need not observe to you the necessity of noting Towns, Ylllages and remarkable Houses and places but I must desire that you wdl g v e me the rough traces of pour Sun-ev as you proceed on as I have reasons for desiring to know thls as soon as possible." DeWitt's map of the area gives excellent detad regardmg natural features and changes in the direction of the road (old Route 2), but only shows one buildtng \vithm a few rmles of the site of The Grove: ''\Vidow Palmer's Tavern" on the west side of the road, about one d e north of the site of The Grove. 14 According to Thomas E. Campbell's book, hfildred Palmer operated a tavern at Guinnev [sic] Bridge from 1775-1781. She also appears on the tax roll as operating an ordinary in 1783. If Campbell's information 1s correct, DeVC'itt's map suggests that she relocated her operation by 1781. In 1789, Christopher Colles used much of DeWitt's work as the basis for his southern maps in h s "Sunrey of the Roads of the United States of America" and \Vidow Palmer's Tavern again appears at rmle marker 137 (probably the mileage from Baltimore headed south). 'j OMB No. 1024-0018 NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Section 8 Page The Grove Caroline County, Virginia 15 Forrunatelv, the French Airmygives more detail of the area. O n the Armr's nvelfth march on 4 October 1781 from Lynch's Tavern to Hanovertown, the officers giving marchmg drections write "go through a clearing, with a house on the right pkelv Palmer's]. You come to Crean [probabl!. Graham] House, a fme plantation. You go dom-nhdl and follow a brook on your right [this is where hlt. Gideon Road cuts through a ravine as it descends towards the river]. You enter a yen. larger clearing parnunkey fiver bottomland] where there are several houses. You continue through it for a mile, then go down to the bank of the Pamunkey, a river 40 yards wide, running between steep banks, w h c h you can cross on a wooden bridge [Littlepage's]. . ." Lifterthe Abed rictoq at Yorktown, French troops again passed through the area on their way back to Georgetown. O n 5 Iuly 1782, Lauzun's Legon travelled "from Norrel's tavern on 5 July to march to an encampment, passing by Hanover Court House. two miles beyond Little Page's Bridge, a wooden bridge across the Pamunkey, where one enters the great road to Philadelpha. There are enough houses there for the headquarters of that dwision." Based on the &stance from Littlepage Bridge, thls camp would be on flat, level land approximately 2,000 feet north of The Grove house on hit. Gideon Road, near its intersection with Catalpa Drive ( h s is hkely, at least partially, on the properor being nominated). . 1782. Lauzun's Legion departed from its camp "nvo miles beyond Littlepages Bridge, to march to a camp one O n 6 .July d e beyond Burck's Bridge.. ."16 Accordmg to Dr. Robert 3.Selig, overseer of the Washmgton-Rochambeau Revolutionan- War Route sun-ey in Virgma, the camp was along Mount Gideon Road almost a mde south of where hlt. Gideon Road crosses \'A-SR 301/2 again to become Baplor Road in C a r o h e County. Based on h s information, the hkcly location of Lauzun's Legion's camp was in the fields immediately adjoining and @ossibly) overlapping the site of The Grove and Elson Green. Accordmg to the itinerary, there were "enough houses" in that immediate vicinity to contain the command officers of Lauzun's Legon. Folloning the Legon's passage through the area, the infanm made its seventh camp at @ttle]Page's Bridge or Graham's House. It was at this point that the marches of Lauzun's Legon, w h c h was headmg north from the Petersburg area, merged with that of the infantry which was t r a v e h g from Wdbamsburg. The officers t r a r e h g with the infantry created beaunful color maps of each of the Army's camps, and the map of the seventh camp indicates that the infantry encamped on the bottomlands of the Pamunkev River, east of the main road, whde the arullery and baggage was located very close to Littlepage's Bridge, just south of the intersection of the main road with the road that leads to North Wales farm. NPS Form 10-900-a OMS No. 1024-0018 (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Section 8 Page The Grove Caroline County, Virginia 16 The map clearly shou-'s "Graham's House" (Elson Green), along with two outbulldings and its impressive cedar-lmed allee, on the west side of the road. The map also shows other buildings that are not on the main road, includmg what is probablr the North K'ales farm complex, a set of three bulldmgs in the bottomlands, a single structure to the southnest of Elson Green, and two bulldmgs on a road that ran eastward into the Devil's Woodyard Swamp (this is nor\; a farm road that intersects with Aft. Gideon Road as it makes a sharp 190 degree] turn to the north as it heads toward Elson Green). The map does not show The Grove, even though it is now located almost dtrectly across the main road from Elson Green, and is much closer to the road and more visible than Elson Green's outbuildmgs. W e not conclusir*e (for we do not know what the French cartographer had in mind when identifying butldmgs on the map), h s is strong evidence to suggest that The Grove was built after 1782. Even though Duncan Graham ched two years before the French map was drawn, Elson Green was still identified as "Graham's House," which implies that it was s d occupied br that family. Duncan Graham's son, Robert, must have ched by 1787, as the Caroline Counq Order Book for that rear mentions that h s estate was ordered to be settled. Because Carolme County's deeds are largely non-existent before 1836, a non-traditional approach was used to piece together the chain of title for The Grove. hIost of Carolme County's land tax records survive, and because ther list owners' inchvidual tracts (unless they had them resun-eyed and combined), it is often possible to track a parcel of land from one property owner to another by searchmg for smular quantities of acreage. This process is aided by the addltion of a general description of the land (i.e., "The Grove" or "Stage Road") along aith a compass bearing from the court house, notauons of changes in ownershp in the previous year (i.e., "555 acres from John Tones"), and the designation of a value of bddings on the propern. (after 1820). T h s work is typically conducted in reverse chronological order. However, in order for this research to mesh with the hstorical record, it is being presented below in chronological order. NPS Form 10-900-a OMB NO.1024-0018 (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET The Grove Caroline County, Virginia Section 8 Page 17 Previous research on The Grore, mhde methodcal, was not successful in connecting the property's ownershp to Duncan Graham, the indn~idualwidelv held in oral hstory as the individual responsible for development of the land in the imtnedate vicinim of The Grove (including the Elson Green and hit. Gideon tracts). As mentioned above, Robert Graham's estate was ordered to be settled in 1787. That same year, Susannah Foster appears on the Caroltne Counn- Land Tax rolls as owning 326 acres (corrected to 325 the nest year), whch she is listed as owning through 1793. Though there is not sufficient documentan. evidence to warrant listing under Criterion A, Susannah Foster's status suggests the changing roles. perceptions, and opportunities for women in the post-revolutionary era. Future research ma!- reveal a broader, or embnonic pattern. Foster has at least one known, albeit convoluted, connection to the Graham f a d r . Susannah was the daughter of Daniel and *-Inn Isbell, and married a Foster (probably Wilham, who died in the 1770s). Her sister Lucy married lohn \X'o~lfolk'~,brother of Paul Woolfolk (owner of hlt. Gideon by 1803l" w h c h is immediately adjacent to The Grove and Elson Green). Paul Woolfolk's wife, Sarah Thilman, was formerly married to Robert Graham (Duncan Graham's son). Thus, Susannah Foster was a sister-in-law (of sorts) with Robert Graham's widow. :Is mentioned, Susannah Foster is shown as owning the 325 acre tract that contains the site of The Grove through 1793, and it is hkelv that the oldest section (the one cell per floor, two and a half story section) was bullt by or for her once she acquired the tract in 1787. In 1794, the land tax records show the 325 acre tract being &vided three wars, with lohn Foster, George Foster, and lames Foster (probably sons of Susannah) each receiving 108 1/3 acres (one of these contained 'I'he Grol-e).'"John Foster (and company) then transferred their share of the land to George Isbell, who may have been Susannah's brother. In 1796, George and James Foster sold each of their tracts to Thomas Taylor, making the proper? 216 2/3 acres. " Tarlor's 216 2/3 acre tract would be r e c o p z e d as the site of The Grove in land tax records well into thc nineteenth centun. In addtion, Tarlor and h s "plantation" were mentioned in passing by neighboring slave Edmund \Voolfolk (owned br Paul Woolfolk of hft. Gideon) in testimony related to Gabriel's Rebelhon in 1800.'' 'jZ4 It is probable that Tarlor added the gable-roofed section to the north of the origmal house at The Grove inthe early years of his omnershlp, as construction techniques are consistent with the late 18thcentury, and there are no known events later in lus ownershp that would trigger the desire to more than double the size of the house. In 1810, Thomas Taylor appears on the census as being aged 45 or over, and has no other people in h s household, including slaves.Z5By 1816, The Grove . estate, s i p f y i n g h s recent death. is held br. Tarlor's OMB No. 1024-0018 NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Section 8 Page The Grove Caroline County, Virginia 18 Thomas Taliaferro (pronounced Tokrer br locals) acquired 116 2/3 acres of the property in 1817, and the 1820 C a r o h e Counn- Land Tax list sholvs that buildmgs valued at $1,000.00 were in place on the tract. ' T h t s value is generall:. consistent u-ith a frame house the size of The Grove at the time. The 1820 Census lists Taliaferro as being between 26 and 45 years of age. Other household members include a female aged 16 to 26, a female under 10, a male under 10, and another male aged 26 to 45. The Taliaferros had six people engaged in agriculture, two engaged in manufacturing, and owned sixteen slaves. '; Thomas Taliaferro began amassing addtional land in 1821, when he purchased approximately 230 acres from an unknoxt-n grantor. In 1824, he acquired 4 adddona1 acres from John hionday, and another 448 acres from Martha Roane in 1828. That vear, the value of buddings on Thomas' land rose to $1,500.00, which mar be due to an extant building on the Roane tract. Thomas probabk d e d br 1840, as he is replaced on the census by h s wife, Sarah. '"arah was responsible for a significant number of people, includmg 9 chlldren and at least 44 slaves. 13 ind~vidualswere engaged in agriculture, and 3 were engaged in manufacturing. I') The 1843 land tax records show Taliaferro's estate, called the "Grove" containing 654 % acres, with buddings valued at S1,800.00. The nest rear, Taliaferro's son-in-law, John Burke Tod (1814-1852) (h~swife, Martha -1. Taliaferro, was a daughter of Thomas and Sarah) appears on the tas rolls with 303 acres called "The Grove" (buildmgs valued at $1,800.00) that he acquired from the following sources: 18 acres from Thomas Taliaferro's estate, 110 acres from 1Vdham Taliaferro, 30 acres from Francis Harris, and 125 acres from J.T. Hoskins. John Tod was the a h s t r a t o r of Thomas Taliaferro's estate, and was sen-ing as a guardan for two of Thomas and Sarah's children, Thomas and E v e h a . "' John R. Tod acquired a merchant's license in 1845 and 1846, and his chef backers were h s brothers Lovell P. Tod and George T. Tod along with Francis W. Scott, a "kmsman." " In July of 1847, John B. Tod entered into a deed of trust with Robert Hudgin to secure numerous debts to h s brother, Lorell P. Tod and others. Tod posted a significant amount of proper? as collateral for thts deed of trust, includmg "that tract of land on wluch the said Iohn B. Tod now resides supposed to contain 200 acres, being all the said tract except 8 acres 8r the improvements thereon heremafter mentioned.. .about 190 acres about two d e s from the home tract.. .all the interest the said ]oh11B. Tod has in the follo\\ing real estate belonging to hls wife Martha A. Tod to wit: eight acres of land with the improvements thereon above mentioned [thought to be Elson Green].. .ten acres of land adjoining the aforesaid tract of 190 acres, and f i f ~three acres of land near the road leadmg from Needwood to Llangohick Church poute 301." NPS Form 10-900-a OM6 No. 1024-0018 (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Section 8 Page The Grove Caroline County, Virginia 19 He also posted 21 slaves (one of them a blacksmith named Tim), all household furniture. tsx-o silver watches, "implements of husbandn-", 1 x 0wagons, two carts, a wheat machme, carriage and hamess, all crops (growing or "severed"). three mules. 15 head of cattle, three horses, went;\- sheep, and f i f ~hogs as collateral. " Tod \vas apparently not able to pay the debts that he owed, because Robert Hudgin sold the land to Iohn Chandler in December of 1847. The deed mentions that John B. Tod had a life estate, and was a tenant of the property, "by the courtesv of the said Martha ;\. having since the date of the said indenture departed this life." The following tracts, as described in the plat of the &vision of the estate of Thomas Taliaferro (these documents hare not been located): "Lot No. 1, containing eight acres (reserving the family burying ground, say twenty by f o q feet, with the privilege to the heirs of the said Thomas Taliaferro, and to the said John B. Tod, & their descendants.. . ...with all the bulldings thereon." ,\lso conveyed were lots number 4 (ten acres of woodland), and others, totalmg 338 acres. 33 The location of the graves of Thomas Taliaferro and Martha ,I. Todd (nee Taliaferro) are not known. The 1848 land tax records s d show Tohn B. Tod in possession of 251 acres called "The Grove" with bulldmgs valued at S1,800.00. B!- 1849, john Chandler is listed with 633 acres "on the Stage Road." A notation adds that 371 acres were from Thomas Taliaferro's estate, and 351 acres were from John B. Tod. It should be noted that the 371 acre tract had no buildings assessed in 1848. The 1850 Census lists John Chandler, a 48 rear old farmer, with real estate valued at $9,000.00. Others living in the household were Lucy (37 rears of age), Bettie (12), Xlgemon (6), John B. Hackett (37, a Clerk), and Robert T. Wortham (28, Doctor of hlelcine. with real estate worth $50.00)34 The 1850 -\gicultural Census gives a g h p s e lnto the size of the farming operation on Chandler's land. He had 630 acres of improved land, and 255 acres of unimproved (noncultix-ated)land. The farm was valued at $5,000.00, and farming implements held a value of $500.00. There was a modest quantity of livestock (rangmg from two mules to 62 swine) with a total value of S866.00. The farm produced 400 bushels of wheat, 150 bushels of corn, 90 bushels of oats, no tobacco, 35 pounds of wool, 50 bushels of potatoes, and 200 bushels of sweet potatoes, and 30 pounds of honey. 35 NPS Form 10-900-a OM6 No. 1024-0018 (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Section 8 Page The Grove Caroline County, Virginia 20 .\.H. Chandler, a son of john Chandler, wrote that he was born at Woodlawn on 16 August 1843, where he lived for four years unul "my father, iohn Chandler, bought Elson Green, h V 0 mdes north of Page's Bridge. i\t Elson Green I lived during my boyhood days unul mr father sold it in 1863, and loaned the proceeds to the Confederate Government.. .he was an ardent secessionist.. . [and] he would risk all he had in the success of the Confederate cause. He &d so and lost all." 3; .is endenced by Chandler's recollections, The Grove and Elson Green were almost inseparable during thts time period. However, thts would change in 1858,when John and Lucr iinn Chandler sold Robert T. Wortham a "piece or parcel of land called The Grore.. . ...on the east side of the road leading from Littlepages Bridge to Needwood and adjoining the lands of Robert Hdl and Henry Hdl and supposed to contain about 75 acres." In h s deed, Chandler provides a more distinct definition of The Grove. The land tax record for the next vear reveals that the $1,800.00 value of buildings that had been associated with the land since it was in Thomas Taliaferro's possession fifteen years earlier actually reflected the x-alue of two houses: Elson Green and The Grore, as the butldmgs on Wortham's 75 acre tract were valued at S900.00 (half the combined worth) in 1859. The tax record also notes that $300 was added due to "repairs to buildmgs." Thls significant (30 percent) increase hkelr reflects the addtion of the one story, shed-roofed addtion to the rear of the house that included a h office. g room, an extension to the central hall, and a room that is said to have senred as Dr. Wortham's NPS Form 10-900-a OM6 No. 1024-0018 (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Section 8 Page The Grove Caroline County, Virginia 21 It is possible that Robert T. \Vortham was already living at The Grove when Chandler sold it to hlrn, as he was living in Chandler's household (hectly across the road) eight years earlier. Robert Timothy Wortham (born in 1821) was the son of Charles Wortham and hlary J. Chandler, and married Mary Fletcher Peauoss in 1855. He was a medical doctor, and was "one of the brdltant group of physicians who lived in Lower Reedy Church District and adjacent Hanox-er Countv whch made this region one of the leadmg melcal centers of \'uginia throughout the late and 19thcenturies," accordmg to local lustorian Rev. Ralph Emmett Fall. iX Wortham has not been located in the 1860 Census Population Schedule, but an entry for Robert and Man's slaves indcates that they owned 9 male slaves, ranging in age from 2 to 45 rears old (4 mere considered black, and the rest were mulatto). In 1860, Robert Wortham owned 120 acres of improved land, and 115 acres of uncultivated land. His farm was valued at $2,000.00, with $125.00 worth of machmery, and S350.00 in livestock. s\i\fter the conclusion of the Civil War, in 1868, Wortham made some improvements to The Grove, causing the value of the bulldings on the propern to increase to S1,IOO (about 20 percent). This increase probably signifies the construction of the several board-and-batten sided addtions on the south end of the house. In 1870, Robert Wortham is listed as a "physician and farmer," with real estate valued at $2,500.00 and a personal estate of S1.000.00. .\lso in the household are h s \\-ife Alan, four chddren, Mary Wortham (70 years old, probably Robert's mother), Jane E. Wortham (47 years old, a sister of Robert's); included, too, were Henrietta James (a 15-year-old black domestic sen-ant). Lewis Fells (a 16-year-old black farm laborer), and Charles Dabney (an 11-year-old black domestic sen-ant). Onlr two other families who owned their own land lived in the immediate vicinity - Rtchard Tunstall of Elson Green (real estate worth S5,000) and LimbroseBland (real estate valued at $60.00), both heads of white f a d e s . The other closelj- neighboring f a d e s consisted of black or mulatto farm laborers, probably tenants and former slaves of the Elson Green and Grove properties, with surnames such as D i c h s o n , Terry, Tinsley, Bunvell, Young, and Stephens. +' NPS Form 10-900-a OMB No. 1024-0018 (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Section 8 Page The Grove Caroline County, Virginia 22 Dr. Robert Timothy Wortham d e d on 28 hIav, 1880 of heart dsease at age 59*, leaving his wife hIan to care for six chddren, ranging from three years (IrIaude) to nineteen years old (Robert 0.).Fortunately. h l a n had her sister in law, lane Wortham, in the household to help. B y 1880, the f a d y had no sen-ants living with them. .W In 1900, many of Man's Wortham, a 38 year old insurance agent, Warner GUT chddren were s d living a t The Grove, including Robert 0. LXortham, a 34 rear old farm laborer, Charles T. Wortham, a 28 year old teacher, Man. and Jeanne, teachers (36 and 26 years old, respecdvelj-) and hfaude, who was 23 years old. Robert T. Wortham's sister, Jane, then 77 years old, was a t The Grove, as was Alice Peatross (a niece of Mary's, also a teacher)and Polly hfinnis (?) a 14-year-old black cook. lane Elizabeth Wortham, Robert's sister, d e d later that year, and is buried in the familr cemeterv at The Grove. Man- Fletcher Peatross Wortham died at The Grove on 9 Februan. 1906 at the age of 72. 4"he 1910 Census indicates that Warner Guy Wortham had become the head of the household, and was operadng the farm. Robert 0. Wortham was sull worlung as an insurance agent, Janie E. Wortham was a teacher, hiaude E. Wortham had no occupation, and hl. Lizzie (Ma? Elizabeth) Wortham was a teacher. 47 I t has been said that the Wortham Farmlv of The Grove were npically the fust to employ modem technologv at their farm. Tiler were the first to install electricity and running water, and were on the forefront of advanced farming techniques in their neighborhood. Many of the Wortham children never married, preferring to stay at The Grove rather than g v e up the life that they loved to restart life in a new location. hfaude Wortham, the last child of Robert and Mary %'ortham remaining at The Grove, said that she loved the place too much to leave. 4X h.Iaude d e d in 1955, leaving The Grore to her niece, Catherine h g Hamilton, who cared for her in her last years. " The next year, Hamdton sold The Grove, u~hlchwas re-surveved and found to contain 64.5 acres (instead of the 75 acres mentioned in the deed from Chandler toWortham), to G. Edmond hlassie, 111 (an aeronautical e n p e e r ) and Jayne hfaire hlassie (a teacher). The hlassies began a major rehabilitation project on the house, and constructed a porch along the length of the rear of the house (this has since been enclosed). A guest house was built to the north of The Grove in 1962 to accommodate Mrs. hlassle's mother. and several other outbddmgs, includmg a garage, tool shed, and barn were built or significantly repaired in the subsequent rears. OMB No. 1024-0018 NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET The Grove Caroline County, Virginia Section 8 Page 23 Architectural Context a n d Significance The Grow is sited very close (approximatel!. nvenq- feet) from the main road (now called Mt. Gideon Road), unhke its neighbors Rft. Gideon and Elson Green, whch are each set back from the road approximatelv seven hundred feet. Both RIt. Gideon and Elson Green are approached by long, cedar-hed dnres. Situated dtrectly on the road, T h e G r o r e has no grand e n m ; it is accessed b r vehcles ria a drivewar on its south (right) side that also acts as a senice road for its complex of ourbuildmgs. During the study of The Grove, nearby priman and secondav roads were sun-eyed to determine context. No other domestic buildmgs in the viciniw were found that mimic The Grove's relationship to the road. Of the vernacular eighteenth centun d ~ v e h plan g hpeS found in Caroline County during a 1991 sun7ey,the most common were "modest hall-parlor or side-passage-plan buildmgs to the larger three-and five-bay I-house plans."51 It is somewhat dfficult to determine what the original floorplan of The Grove might have been, as the original flooring in the main chamber of the Phase I section was covered over in the late nineteenth or early twentieth centun.. b .r narrow pine flooring (perhaps to conceal ghosting from the original staircase and/or drvidmg wall). While the Phase I section may hare been a side-passage plan d w e h g , thls is unlikelr based on the form of the staircase that leads from the second floor of this section to the garret. The boxed, dog-leg staircase found at that level of the house is probably indlcatire of what was located on the first level, whtch would suggest that the Phase I section was a single cell plan, and did not fit into any of the norms described in the counv-u-ide sun-ey quoted above. During thts survey, two b d d m g s were identified that dsplay features that are slmilar to The Grove's o r i p a l appearance. .4 circa 1800 d w e h g (l?>HR # 01 6-0330) benveen State Route 650 and Hornquarter Creek appears to have been built in several phases, with its first phase being a two-and-a-half ston-, two-bay frame building. Unlike The Grove, however, this dwehng does not appear to hare a uscable garret space. A second s i d a r house was identified via a windsheld sun-ey approsimatel~3.8 miles east of The Grove, near the intersection of Routes 30 and 601 at Calno. This building (UTM18s 0297670 4186830) is not included in the Virginia Department of Historic Resources archves. The interior floor plan of these houses is not known but the esterior appearance of these buildmgs along with The Grove is not identified as common in the 1991 "Historic .irchtectural Sun-ey of Caroline County, V u p a " completed by PMri Consulting Senices and Traceries. OMB No. 1024-0018 NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Section 8 Page The Grove Caroline County, Virginia 24 Strhgl!-, The Grove is wldelr dlsslrmlar from its nro imrnedlate neighbors, hit. Gideon and Elson Green, both of whch also date to the eighteenth century. Both of these houses are typical examples of vernacular houses of Tidewater T7ugma in the eighteenth centun, being one-and-a-half stories tall, three-bars wide, and flanked by a pair of brick chunnevs. Whde ostensiblr of the same cultural and f a d a l origins as hlt. Gideon and Elson Green, The Grove does not present itself as a dwelltng that sen-ed as the seat of a family. Its close relationship with the main road implies that the occupants needed to be near the road for some reason; perhaps for commercial purposes, or perhaps the d w e h g was occupied br a plantation overseer who needed convenient access to the rest of the farm. This presents a stark contrast to the long, treeh e d drives of hit. Gideon and Elson Green. In addltion, the two-and-a-half story, single-cell-per-floor configuration of The Grove lends itself to being adequatelr heated br its sole c h e r (perhaps a cost-saving measure), unhke its IS\-o neighboring houses which have two chimneys to heat a sirmlar amount of space. Smaller d w e h g s such as The Grove (as it appeared after its first phase of construction) are often overlooked br local historians, and are often not valued by the communiw in the same way that larger, grander, family seats are. Because of thls, they are commonlr left to decay, and are demolished at a relatively high rate. The Grove was sipficantly espanded during the late eighteenth century, and thus avoided the fate that so manv similar dwellings suffered. In addition to its original form and subsequent modifications (sho~vingthe evolution of the house to meet the needs of growing f a d e s and c h a n p g aesthetic ideals), The Grove is also archtecturally sipficant because of the presence of intact fabric representing eighteenth century construction techniques, including the brick noggmg within the house's walls, pit-sawn floor joists and English bond brickwork in the cellar of Phase I, and extant d w o r k features includmg the cellar doors, pair of nine-over-nine windou~swith wide muntins and bullnosed sills, and the millwork found in the garret of the Phase I section, includmg the balustrade fashioned out of vertical beaded boards. Additional features of note include the smokehouse. lvhch is one of twelve such C a r o h e County structures warranting mention in the 1991 survey, and the extant earlv lYhcent- tobacco barn, whch is a rarity in Yirgma as a whole. Overall, The Grove possesses a h g h level of archtectural mtegnty of b d h g techniques, types and siting. In addition, , important information on the presence of Franco-American mhtary archeological investigation of the propertv mar, rield forces (primarilr 1,auzun's Legion) present in the Virgnia theatre of operations during 1782 as well as the living conditions of ;\frican slaves during the antebellum period. OMB No. 1024-0018 NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Section 8 Page The Grove Caroline County, Virginia 25 1. 1858 Land Tax Record, Caroline Counn. Clerk of Court 2. 1868 Land Tax Records. Caroline Counn Clerk of Court. 3. I7irginia Patent Book 10, pages 2-16-227: 23 December 1714. 311 acres to Thomas Darenport. Library of Virginin. &chmond. \.irgnia. 1. Virgnia Patent Book 11, pages 17G177. 18 February 1722123. 765 acres to Thomas Jones. Library of Virginia, hchmond, Virginia. 5 Virginia Patent Book 11, pages 102-103. 22June 1722. 100 acres to David Lewis. Library of Virgnia, Richmond, T'ugnia. . h s tract was located adiacent to Davenport and to tus south. The grant to Lewis makes mention of \Vdltam Temll, who patented the land In hiarch of 1715116, "failed to make Such Cultivation and Improving the same as in the Said patent is Espressed." 6 Davenport.John Scott. "The Pamunkey Davenport Chronicles, Version .\,Part 2 of 2." Holdmel. New Jersey: The Pamunke! Davenport r\ssociation, 2001. page 13. 7 . Rose, Robert and Fall, Ralph Emmett, ed., "The Diary of Robert Rose: A View of \7irguua by a Scottish Colonial Parson." \'erona, V i r p i a : AIcClure Press, 1977.page 133. 8. Caroline County Order Book, 1759-1768. 10 October 1765. Deed &chard Davenport and Kesiah his wife to Duncan Graham. 9. 1 lt@niu Ga;ette, \XIAamsburg, Virgnia: Purdte & Dison, 20 June 1766, page 3, column 1. 10. Fall, Ralph Emmett, "People, Postoffices and Communities in Caroline County, Pirgnia: 1727-1969," Roswell, Georgia: \S'.H. \Y'olfe & Associates, 1989. page 349. 11. Campbell, Thomas Elliott, "Colonial Caroline: .A History of Caroline County, Virgnia." Richmond, Virgnia: The Dietz Press, Incorporated, 1954. pages 410-414. 12. Caroline County Personal Property Tax Records, 1783,1796. 1800,1817,1820 13. Rose. Robert and Fall, Ralph Emmett, ed.. "The Diary of Robert Rose: .\ \'iew of \'irgnia by a Scottish Colonial Parson." Verona, Virginia: hfcClure Press. 1977.page 134. 11. Smith, Y\ !. Scott, "Hi~.toty . ofthe . Depafiment offhe Geographer to the : l n n y , 1777-1783." Lynchburg, Virginia: The Antiquaries, LC, 2005. Accessed ria the Internet at h t t p : / / w \ ~ x u ; . a m ! - g e o g r a p h e r . o r g / h i s t o n 1 "From Head Lynche's Ordinan across the Pamunkr River to some &stance past Hanorer Court House. Map No. 124, Q" Robert Erskine - Simeon De\Yitt hfap Collectiorl, New York Historical Society. 16. Colles, Christopher and Ristowv, \Y'alter K'.,ed.. "A Survey of the Roads of the Lhited States of America," Cambridge, hlassachusetts: The Belknap Press of Harvard L'niversity Press, 1961. page 190. 17. Orders and Itinera? for the Return March of Lauzun's Legion from Petersburg to Georgetown, July 1782. Rochambeau Papers. Library of Congress, vol. 3. fools. 328331. OM6 No. 1024-0018 NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Section 8 Page The Grove Caroline County, Virginia 26 IS. Campbell, Kimberly Curtis, "Caroline County, Virgnia Court Records: 1781-1799." -\them, Georgia: Iberian Publishing Company, 1999. page 29 19. Hophns, \Xilliam Lindsay. "Caroline County, Virginia Court Records and hlamages," hchmond, S7irgnia: GenN-Des, 198'. page 182. 20. Declarauon #2252, hlutual Assurance S o c i e ~of Virgnia. "Mt. Gideon" for 51350. 1803. Library of 1-irgma. Reel 3. Volume 25. 21. Caroline Count;\.Land Tax Records, Alteranons, 1794 11. Caroline County Land Tax Records, I\lterations, 1796 23. Virginia Department of Historic Resources Highway Marker E-115,2002 (located on LlS 301 on the north side of Littlepage's Bridge in Caroline County). 24. The location of Ellis' Tavern 1s not currently h o w n . On 5 October 1796, Joseph Brame advertised in the Virgnia Gazette & General Advertiser (Davis), Richmond that he was loohng for a runaway slave named Isaac, and that he [Brame] was living in "Caroline County, near Ehs' Tavern." The Personal Property Tar list of 1800 does not list an Ellis with an ordnary license. Clear1)-.Ellis' Tavern was relati~~ely close to Littlepage's Bridge, as the Gabriel's Rebellion conspirators seemed to visit with ease. 25. Flournol-, H.\Y'., ed., "Calendar of S'irgnia State Papers and Other hfanuscripts fromJanuary 1, 1799 to December 31, 1807. \'olume I S " Richmond, Virgnia: Office of the Secretary of the Commonwealth, 1890. page 168. 26. 1810 Cnlted States Census, Population Schedule, Caroline Country, Virgnia 17. Caroline Count\- Land Tas Records. 1816. 1817, 1820. The Commonwealth of Virgnia only began requiring localities to track the value of buildngs separately from the value of the land in 1820. 28. 1820 United States Census, Population Schedule, Caroline County, V q m a 19. Thomas Taliaferro mamed Sarah Oliver on 28 June 1811. Caroline County Marriage Bonds, 18101816, Library of Virginia. 30. 1840 Cnited States Census, Population Schedule, Caroline County, Virgnia. 31. Deed Book 45, page 440. Caroline County Clerk of Court. 32. Rube!-, -\nn Todd, Florence Isabelle Stace!. and Herbert Ridgeway Collins, "Speaking of F a d e s : The Tod(d)s of Caroline Columbia, hiissoun: i\rtcraft Press, 1960. page 121. County S7irginiaand Their b." 33. Deed Book 45, page 340-442. Caroline County Clerk of Court. 34. Deed Book 46, page 28. Caroline County Clerk of Court. 35. 1850 United States Census, Population Schedule, Caroline County, Virgnia. 36. 1850 Unlted States Census, Agriculture Schedule. C a r o h e Couny, Virginia OM5 No. 1024-0018 NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Section 8 Page The Grove Caroline County, Virginia 27 37. 1819 Deed Book, page 351. Caroline Couny Clerk of Court. 38. \Kingfield, Marshall, "A History of Caroline County, Virginia." Richmond, Virgma: Tren-et, 1921. page 107. 39. Fall, Ralph Emmett, "People, Postoffices and Communities in Caroline County, \'ir@a: 1727-1969." R o s ~ ~ ~ Georga: ell, \K'.H. \K'olfe & .lssociates. 1989. page 350. 10. Green, Lnda L.'T'irgmia 1860 Agriculture Census, Volume I." 'X'esuninster, hlaryland: X d o w Bend Books. 2006. page 206. 41. \Yeb site: ~~~.geocities.com/~osewmite/meadows/6923/uildem.html Accessed 28 December 2008. 12. 1870 United States Census, Population Schedule. Caroline Couny, Virgma. 13. Collins, Herbert Ridgeway. "Caroline C o u n ~Virgnia , Death Records, 1853-1896." Bowie, Maryland: Heritage Books. Inc., 1999. page 119. 11. 1880 Cnited States Census, Population Schedule. Caroline County, \lirgnia. 15. 1900 United States Census, Population Schedule, Caroline County, Virgnia. 46. Gravestone. \X'ortham F a d ! Cemetery, The G r o ~ eCaroline , County, Virgnia. 17. 1910 Cnired States Census, Populauon Schedule, Caroline County, Virgnia. 18. Llassie.!ayne hlaire. Personal Intenview. 22 December 2008. 19. X'dl Book 10, page 502. Caroline County Clerk of Court. 50. Deed Book 113, page 135. Caroline Counq' Clerk of Court. 5 1. Stodghill. Jeff, Kimberly Williams. Laura Hams, Emily Eig, "Historic Architectural Survey of Caroline County, Virginia." Newport News, Virginia: PMA Consulting Services and Traceries. 1991. pages 47-56. NPS Form 10-900-a OM0 No. 1024-0018 (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET The Grove Caroline County, Virginia Section 9 Page 28 Major Bibliographical References Campbell, Thomas Elhott, "Colonial Caroline: .4 History of C a r o h e County, V i r p a . " Richmond, Virginia: The Dietz Press, Incorporated, 1951. Colles, Christopher and Kistow, Walter W., ed., "A Sun-er of the Roads of the United States of ;\merica," Cambridge, Llassachusetts: The Belknap Press of Han-ard Cniversim Press, 1961. Davenport, lohn Scott. "The Pamunkev Davenport Chronicles, Version A, Part 2 of 2." Holdmel, New Terser: The Pamunker Davenport Associaaon, 2001. Fall, Ralph Emmett. "People, Postoffices and Communities in Caroline County, I'irgmia: 1727-1969," RosweU, Georga: W.H. Wolfe & Associates, 1989. Flournoy, H.W., ed., "Calendar of ITirgmaState Papers and Other hianuscripts from Januan 1, 1799 to December 31, 1807, Volume IS," kchmond, lTirgmia:Office of the Secretan of the Commonwealth, 1890. H o p h s , 1Vllliam Lindsay, "Carohe Counm, 1 7 i r p a Court Records and Marriages," kchmond, T7irginia:Gen-N-Des. 1987. h c e , Howard K. and Brown, Ann S. IGnsolving, "The L\merican Campaigns of Rochambeau's Arm!, 1783," Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton L'niversitv Press, 1972. 1780,1781,1782. Rose, Robert and Fall, Ralph Emmett, ed., "The Diary of Robert Rose: A View of V i r p a by a Scottish Colonial Parson." Verona, Virginia: hIcClure Press, 1977. Rube!, -inn Todd, Florence Isabelle Stacey and Herbert kdgeway Colltns, "Speaking of F a d e s : The Tod(d)s of Caroline Counn. TTirginiaand Their Kin." Columbia, Llissouri: Artcraft Press, 1960. Selig, Robert, Ph.D. Conversations via electronic mail during December of 2008 regardmg h,ls research concerning the Washmgton-Rochambeau Route commissioned br the I'irgha Department of Historic Resources. Stodghill, Jeff, ECunberl~Wdbams, Laura Harris, Emdr Eig, "Historic Architectural Survey of C a r o h e County, Virginia." Neu-port News, Virgma: PM,4 Consulting Sen~icesand Traceries. 1991 Tankersley, Christie, "National Register Nomination: The Grove." Fredencksburg, Virgulla: Mary Washington College Department of Historic Presenradon, 1993. Wingfield, Marshall, "-1History of C a r o h e Count]\-,Virginia," Rtchmond, Virgma: Trewet, 1924. NPS Form 10-900-a OMB No. 1024-0018 (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Section 10 Page The Grove Caroline County, Virginia 29 Verbal Boundary Description See attached sketch and CSGS Topographic Maps for adchtional d e t d . The subject property includes the following tax map parcels w i t h the County of Caroline: 108 ,i 31, 108 X 30, and 108 A 32, comprising a total of 68.03 acres. This area is roughly bounded br Mount Gideon Road (State Route 651) on the west and an intermittent branch of X I d Creek on the east. CTXIcoor&ates of the outer boundaries of this property follow: Beginning at a point on the east side of Route 651 at: Running northward on said road to: Thence running along a tree h e to a branch at: Thence following the meanders of said branch to: 'Thence in a straight h e to: l'hence in a straight h e to: 'Thence along a tree h e to the b e p n i n g . 18s 18s 18s 18s 18s 18s 0291611 0291380 0291650 0292262 0292232 0291750 41 86754 4187320 41 87390 41 86561 41 86545 41 86765 Boundary Justification The proposed boundaries form the approximate boundaries that have identified The Grove since 1858, and encompass all known burldmgs, structures, and sites associated with the property. OMB No. 1024-0018 NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATl0,NAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Section Photos Page 30 Photo Captions Information Common to All Images Properg Name: The Grove Town, County, State: Hanover Vicinity, Caroline County, Virginia Date: All photographs taken December 2008 Photographer: W. Scott Smith Photo Captions: VA~CarolineCounty~Grove~OOO1.tif Front & South Facades, from southwest VA~CarolineCounty~Grove~OOO2.tif Front (west) Facade VA~CarolineCounty~Grove~OOO3. tif South Facade, Cellar Door Detail VA~CarolineCounty~Grove~OOO4. tif Main E n m Hall, First Floor VA~CarolineCounty~Grove~OOO5.tif Central Hall, Staircase Detail, First Floor VA~CarolineCounty~Grove~OOO6. tif Staircase Detail, Second Floor VA~CarolineCounty~Grove~OOO7. tif South Bedchamber, Second Floor, Fireplace Detail VA~CarolineCounty~Grove~OOO8.tif Smokehouse VA-CarolineCounty-Grove-0009. tif Pumphouse VA~CarolineCounty~Grove~OO1O.tif Water Tower VA~CarolineCounty~Grove~OO11. tif Garage The Grove Caroline County, Virginia OMB No. 1024-0018 NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Section Photos Page VA-CarolineCounty-Grove-0012.tif Tool Shed VA-CarolineCounty_Grove-OOU. tif Tractor Shed VA-CarolineCounty-Grove-00 14.df Tobacco Barn VA-CarolineCounty-Grove-00 15.tif Stable VA-CarolineCounty-Grove-00 16.df Cemetery VA-CarolineCounty-Grove-0017.tif Guest House VA-CarolineCounty-Grove-00 18.df Ice House Site 31 The Grove Caroline County, Virginia The Grove Hanover Vicnip) Caroline Coun~)VA MN (I 0.2- W) V D H R # 016-0012 SITE PLAN L I f 0 40 80 120 160 200 240 b v .. . >,. \,,termittent Stream -.-.-. - . v - . -(to . - . Mill _.-.-' _._._.-.-.-. Contributing Contributing Contributing Noncontributing Noncontributing Tractor Shed Noncontributing Tool Shed Noncontributing Tobacco Barn Contributing Noncontributing Wortham-Peatross Cemetery Contributing Guest House Noncontributing Ice House Contributing 1. The Grove-Main House 2. Smokehouse 3. Water Tower 6. 7. 8. 10. I I. 12. . cr. -._. - . _ . - .Parnunkey _. R,) -.-._, Building Building Structure Building Building Building Building Building Building Site Building Site (12 I / - - .-a --.-.-.+