CONNECTING THE ANCIENT WEST AND EAST STUDIES PRESENTED TO PROF. GOCHA R. TSETSKHLADZE VOLUME I edited by J. Boardman, J. Hargrave, A. Avram (†) and A. Podossinov PEETERS LEUVEN - PARIS - BRISTOL, CT 2022 TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface and Acknowledgments .............................................................................. Tabula Gratulatoria............................................................................................... List of Illustrations ................................................................................................ List of Abbreviations ............................................................................................. xi xiii xix xxxix LIFE, WORKS AND REFLEXIONS Gocha Tsetskhladze, West and East: why a Festschrift ? .......................................... 3 Laudatio Domini ................................................................................................... 13 Personal Recollections: John Boardman, Eka Avaliani, Alexandru Avram, Janet Buxton, Cecily Grace, James Hargrave, Paolo Maranzana, Alexander Podossinov and Simon Young ................................................................................................. 15 The writings of Gocha Tsetskhladze, 1989–2022 .................................................. 27 THE BLACK SEA, ANATOLIA AND THE PONTIC HINTERLAND 1. Sümer AtAsoy Burial grounds at Tios ................................................................................... 51 2. Eka AvAliAni The Roman cult of emperor worship: Was the Roman emperor revered as a god amongst Caucasian Iberians? .................................................................. 67 3. Alexandru AvrAm (†) 519 BC: Persians occupy the North Pontic coast .......................................... 75 4. Staša BABić ‘Timeo Danaos et dona ferentes’: Biography of a collection of Pontic pottery in the National Museum, Belgrade ................................................................ 109 5. Luis BAllesteros PAstor The land of the Sun and the Moon: An interpretation of the emblem on Pontic royal coins .......................................................................................... 123 6. Alexey Belousov One forgotten Greek inscription from the Rostov region.............................. 137 7. Lucrețiu mihAilescu-BîrliBA Salt administration in Roman Dacia: An overview........................................ 145 8. Dorel Bondoc A new stamped Roman amphora from Cioroiu Nou .................................... 157 VI TABLE OF CONTENTS 9. Valentin Bottez and Peter rothenhoefer A gift for Dea Syria from Moukaporis, son of Ditoukenthos ........................ 165 10. Hadrien Bru Oueinia, bureau de douane romaine de la province d’Asie, et les routes du marbre de Dokimeion ................................................................................... 173 11. Stanley Burstein A view from the Fringe: Heraclea Pontica in the age of Alexander ............... 185 12. Alexander ButyAgin The Archaic necropolis of Myrmekion .......................................................... 195 13. Livia BuzoiAnu et Maria BărBulescu (†) La période de début du Principat dans les villes grecques ouest-pontiques à la lumière des sources littéraires et épigraphiques .......................................... 205 14. Dmitry chistov Greek urbanisation of the North Pontic region in the 6th–early 5th centuries BC .......................................................................................................... 217 15. Altay coşkun Acampsis, Boas, Apsarus, Petra, Sebastopolis: Rivers and forts on the southern littoral of Colchis ........................................................................................... 241 16. Margarit DAmyAnov An essay on the history of Apollonia Pontica to the Early Hellenistic period 261 17. Madalina dAnA et Dan dAnA L’anneau du roi Skylès: Pouvoir et territoire au nord-ouest de la mer Noire 291 18. Edward dAndrow The coinage of Tios in Bithynia: Local history, religion and civic representation 313 19. Jan de Boer Greek colonies, a middle ground and the hinterland in south-eastern Thrace 339 20. María-Paz de hoz Phrygian traces in Greek epigraphy of Roman Anatolia: Survival or identity revival? ........................................................................................................... 369 21. Irina demetrAdze-renz Defining urban space: The archaeology and topography of Mtskheta........... 387 22. Şevket dönmez and E. Emine nAzA-dönmez Achaemenid-period serpentine vessels from Oluz Höyük (Kritalia) and Harşena Fortress (Amasya), North-Central Anatolia ................................................... 409 23. Sergey dudArev, Victoria BerezhnAyA and Svetlana kolkovA New finds of swords of Maeotian and Sarmatian types in the North Caucasus 419 24. Gabriela filiP A fascinum representation from the Roman fort at Răcari, Dolj county, Roumania ............................................................................................................ 429 TABLE OF CONTENTS VII 25. Iulon gAgoshidze Varkana – the country of wolves ................................................................... 435 26. Vladimir goronchArovsky Greek-Sindian interactions in the territory of the Cimmerian Bosporus in the 6th–4th centuries BC .................................................................................... 441 27. Cecily grAce Can Gordion roof tiles help date the Midas Monument?.............................. 455 28. Amiran kAkhidze The earliest bronze metallurgy on the Georgian side of the south-eastern Black Sea littoral...................................................................................................... 463 29. Michel kAzAnski Tombes à bouclier au nord et à l’est de la mer Noire à l’époque romaine: origines .......................................................................................................... 491 30. Viktor koPylov (†) The mouth of the Tanais and its role in Colchian-Scythian trade in the 5th– first quarter of the 3rd century BC ................................................................ 505 31. Sergei kovAlenko Some rare coins from the Vasilii Rozanov collection ..................................... 511 32. Vladimir kuznetsov Phanagoria in Archaic times .......................................................................... 521 33. Shota mAmulAdze and Emzar kAkhidze The main results of the archaeological excavations conducted at the fort of Gonio-Apsarus in 2015 ................................................................................. 553 34. Manolis mAnoledAkis Paphlagonians and Phrygians......................................................................... 575 35. Paolo mArAnzAnA Cities in Roman Galatia and the emergence of urbanism.............................. 593 36. Marcin mAterA, Nadezhda gAvrylyuk, Dmytro nykonenko and Paweł lech Some remarks about Konsulovskoe, a lesser-known Late Scythian hillfort on the Lower Dnieper ........................................................................................ 611 37. Andrei oPAiţ, Dan dAvis and Michael BrennAn The Sinop I shipwreck: A Black Sea merchant ship from the Roman Imperial era .................................................................................................................. 633 38. Krastina PAnAyotovA Musical instruments from the necropolis of Apollonia Pontica ..................... 647 39. Richard PosAmentir Dog not important, only staff important! ..................................................... 665 40. Oksana ruchynskA The main agonistic festivals in Tauric Chersonesus....................................... 683 VIII TABLE OF CONTENTS 41. Zsolt simon The pre-Achaemenid kingdom of Cappadocia and the identification of Kerkenes Dağ ................................................................................................ 695 42. Tyler Jo smith Gorgons on the Go: An Athenian Black-Figure Skyphos from Berezan ........ 703 43. Nikola theodossiev The Thracian tholos tombs at Ravnogor reconsidered.................................... 723 44. Marina VAkhtinA On the Archaic fortifications of Porthmion................................................... 743 45. Maya vAssilevA Bendis again .................................................................................................. 757 46. Yurii vinogrAdov Forgotten monuments of the Cimmerian Bosporus ...................................... 765 47. Barbora weissovA Route of the ‘Pilgrim’s Road’ in north-western Asia Minor: State of the art and new observations ..................................................................................... 779 48. Everett wheeler Roman Colchis, Iberia and Alani: Some notes as apologia............................. 791 49. Anne-Maria wittke Midas’ Gordion und das übrige Kleinasien: Überlandrouten als Indikatoren für Konnektivität ........................................................................................... 837 50. Şahin yildirim Results of recent archaeological investigations of Archaic Tieion .................. 855 51. Stanislav zAdnikov and Iryna shrAmko Greek pottery of the 7th–6th centuries BC on Bilsk fortified settlement ...... 877 52. Angelina zedgenidze Stronghold on the isthmus of the Lighthouse Peninsula in the system of the polis of Chersonesus ....................................................................................... 893 EAST AND WEST: GREECE, PERSIA, ROME, EGYPT, CENTRAL ASIA 53. Kazim ABdullAev Revisiting a phalera from Mound 20 in Noin Ula in northern Mongolia: Some iconographic aspects in Bactrian art..................................................... 907 54. Larissa BonfAnte (†) Luxurious funerals and sumptuary laws ......................................................... 935 55. Osmund BoPeArAchchi Greek Helios or Indian Sūrya? The spread of the Sun God imagery from India to Gandhāra ......................................................................................... 941 TABLE OF CONTENTS IX 56. Jan Bouzek (†) Greeks and their neighbours: From similar start to acculturation ................. 955 57. Mario denti Ritual pebbles: Pebbles between the living and the dead in the Mediterranean Iron Age ........................................................................................................ 963 58. Jean-Paul descœudres The Eretrian Late Geometric oinochoe Istanbul 1503 .................................. 1013 59. Adolfo J. domínguez Ethnic identities in conflict in ancient Epirus ............................................... 1023 60. Alexander fAntAlkin and Oren tAl Alexander Jannaeus’ defensive line against Antiochus XII Dionysus revisited once again ...................................................................................................... 1055 61. Flavia frisone Wandering Samians in the West ................................................................... 1071 62. Oleg gABelko Ceraunus, Chrestus and others: ‘Double-layer’ epithets? ............................... 1081 63. Verena gAssner The early phases of Cult Place 2 in Elea-Velia: An archaeological palimpsest 1095 64. Leonardo gregorAtti Are two Great Kings too many? Some considerations on Parthian kingship in the Classical sources .................................................................................. 1111 65. Yervand grekyAn The Median empire and the highstand waters of the Caspian Sea ................ 1125 66. Louise hitchcock, Laura PisAnu and Aren mAeir Magical mystery tour: The role of islands in connecting ancient West and East ................................................................................................................ 1147 67. Heather JAckson Down in the dumps at Seleucid Jebel Khalid on the Euphrates .................... 1161 68. Vasilica lungu et Pierre duPont Timbres amphoriques rhodiens d’Archangelos ............................................... 1181 69. Andrew mAdden Applying the Beazley method to mosaic artist attribution ............................. 1201 70. Andreas mehl Seleucids as ‘Great Kings’? ............................................................................. 1237 71. Fergus millAr (†) Two Monophysite bishops between Roman West and Sasanian East............ 1249 72. Marta oller guzmán L’hospitalité de Zeus, d’un côté à l’autre de la Méditerranée ......................... 1261 X TABLE OF CONTENTS 73. Jari PAkkAnen and Maria Costanza lentini Crisis, divination and ‘killing’ pottery: Astragals and punctured vessels from a Classical-period well at Sicilian Naxos ........................................................ 1271 74. Alexander Podossinov Heracles Celticus and Heracles Scythicus: The same narrative in the west and the east of Europe? ........................................................................................ 1291 75. Robert rollinger How the Mediterranean became the Mediterranean: Some neglected pieces of evidence for the history of the mental mapping of an inland sea .............. 1307 76. Ligia ruscu About the Lollii of Byzantium ....................................................................... 1333 77. Frank seAr Republican theatres of Rome ......................................................................... 1341 78. Květa smoláriková Herodotus and Amasis’ coup d’état ................................................................ 1355 79. Mikhail treister Imported bronze hammered cauldrons from Asian Sarmatia ......................... 1363 80. Christoph ulf Migration – not colonisation: What motivated people to leave their community according to the texts of Archaic Greece ................................................ 1415 81. José velA tejAdA The lost inscription of Argos (IG IV 556 = Syll 3 182): A case of Athenian propaganda in the 4th century BC? ............................................................... 1433 82. Ioannis xydoPoulos Κοινοὶ εὐεργέται and Ῥωμαῖοι εὐεργέται in inscriptions from Macedonia ... 1453 MODERN TIMES 83. Paul everill ‘Over the hills and far away’: An essay on Anglo-Georgian relations ............ 1469 84. Oswyn murrAy Between East and West: Memories of the Cold War .................................... 1477 85. James hArgrAve What do they know of learning who only universities know? Surviving the dystopia of Australian tertiary education ....................................................... 1487 List of Contributors .............................................................................................. 1501 Index ..................................................................................................................... 1507 THE ERETRIAN LATE GEOMETRIC OINOCHOE ISTANBUL 1503 Jean-Paul descœudres ABstrAct This note presents a set of photographs of an Eretrian oinochoe of Late Geometric date in the Archaeological Museum of Istanbul, hitherto only known through a sketch drawing published by the author almost 50 years ago. It was originally part of the huge collection amassed by Luigi Palma di Cesnola in Cyprus between 1865 and 1876. The jug can thus be added to the corpus of Euboean 8th-century exports to Cyprus and is so far the only vase of undoubtedly Eretrian manufacture. Made in Eretria on Euboea probably around 720 BC, exported to Cyprus, and today kept in the city where East and West meet, the Late Geometric oinochoe presented here seems to be the appropriate vessel from which to pour my very best wishes and warmest congratulations to you, dear Gocha!1 Istanbul, Archaeological Museum inv. 1503. Large oinochoe with cut-away neck (Figs. 1–4). Ht 41.5 cm; diam. mouth 13.4 cm; diam. foot 11 cm. Well levigated clay containing a few white inclusions but no mica; hard fired, core (light) reddish-brown (5YR 5–6/4–5). Fine, very pale brown slip (10YR 7.5/3–4) on carefully polished surface. Black, slightly brilliant glaze, reddish-brown when diluted (2.5–7.5YR 4–5/5–6). Added white. Intact except for the mouth of which only a very small section is preserved. Large parts of the surface abraded. Ovoid body above a flat base, clearly offset cylindrical neck (possibly potted separately), with a round mouth, (correctly?) restored in the shape of a flaring spout rising from the deep, semi-circular indentations on either side of the handle attachment. Vertical band handle. Interior, handle inside and underside of foot reserved. Two zigzag bands in added white on broad black bands encircle the lower part of the body between groups of lines, whilst the main part of the belly is covered by a large checkerboard. A third zigzag band is added in white on the black shoulder. Framed by a frieze of tangential, compass-drawn triple circles below (most with a central dot) and by a frieze of hatched standing triangles above, a metopal frieze between groups of lines decorates the central part of the neck: 1 I should like to express my warm thanks to James Hargrave for inviting me to contribute to this celebratory volume in honour of a much-admired friend, and for his most generous patience. 1014 JEAN-PAUL DESCŒUDRES Fig. 1. Eretrian Late Geometric oinochoe. Istanbul, Archaeological Museum inv. 1503 (photograph courtesy A. Denker). THE ERETRIAN LATE GEOMETRIC OINOCHOE ISTANBUL 1503 Fig. 2. Eretrian Late Geometric oinochoe. Istanbul, Archaeological Museum inv. 1503 (photograph courtesy A. Denker). 1015 1016 JEAN-PAUL DESCŒUDRES Fig. 3. Eretrian Late Geometric oinochoe. Istanbul, Archaeological Museum inv. 1503 (photograph courtesy A. Denker). THE ERETRIAN LATE GEOMETRIC OINOCHOE ISTANBUL 1503 Fig. 4. Eretrian Late Geometric oinochoe. Istanbul, Archaeological Museum inv. 1503 (photograph courtesy A. Denker). 1017 1018 JEAN-PAUL DESCŒUDRES the slightly bigger middle field features a hatched octofoil with interstitial dots, while each of the lateral panels contains a cross-hatched water-bird facing the central metope, with a dotted lozenge and a dot rosette as filling motifs. A vertical band of chevrons closes the metopal frieze on either end, abutting against the glazed zone behind the handle. On the latter’s outside, an elongated triple X is separated by four horizontal bars from an eight-pointed star on the top. When I noticed the vase on a visit to the Archaeological Museum of Istanbul in 1967, it was placed on top of a large cabinet, but the then keeper of the Greek section, Dr N. Fıratlı, asked one of the staff to fetch it and kindly gave me permission to draw it, as I was not well-enough equipped to take a photograph of it.2 Unfortunately, its inventory number appeared to have been lost which made it impossible to find out when, how, and whence the jug had come to Istanbul. At that time I was working on the pre-Classical pottery found in Eretria by the Swiss Archaeological Mission which had started excavations in 1964 under the direction of Karl Schefold.3 The material yielded by these early excavations was very fragmentary, and the vase in Istanbul at once enabled a number of hitherto unidentifiable fragments to be recognised as belonging to jugs of the same type.4 In subsequent years, excavations carried out in various areas in Eretria as well as in nearby Lefkandi substantially increased the number of fragments that evidently come from jugs very similar to the one in Istanbul.5 Yet, all studies dealing with Euboean pottery of the Late Geometric period either failed to mention the Istanbul jug itself – the only representative of the group that survived virtually intact6 – or referred to it on the basis of the sketch I had produced as a second-year student.7 My fear that the Eretrian jug may have been lost (reinforced in 2008 on a visit to the Archaeological Museum in Istanbul during which it proved impossible to find it) has now finally been proven groundless thanks to the efforts and generosity of Dr Asuman Denker who succeeded not only in locating and photographing the vase, but also in recovering its inventory number.8 The set of colour pictures that I am allowed to reproduce here reveals that the vase has been cleaned and freed from its old restorations. As a result, the following corrections and modifications of my original description and drawing may be noted: the handle is not glazed but reserved on the inside and with a linear decoration on the outside (see 2 Published in Descœudres 1976, Beil. 3. For the history of the Swiss Mission to Eretria, since 1975 Swiss Archaeological School in Greece, see Reber 2010, 38–41. 4 Descœudres 1976, 38–39 with pl. 1. 5 See, for example Andreiomenou 1983, 174, nos. 79–80, pl. 58; 175–76, no. 98, fig. 6, pl. 59; 182, nos. 190, 194–195, pls. 62–63; Verdan et al. 2008, 122, no. 109, pl. 28 (= Verdan 2013, no. 162, pl. 77); 124, no. 151, pl. 37 (=Verdan 2013, no. 245, pl. 88); 129–30, no. 304, pl. 63; Verdan 2013, 15, no. 214, pl. 84. For Lefkandi, see Popham and Sackett 1979, pls. 56–57 (especially nos. 302–306). 6 See, for example, Andreiomenou 1983; Lemos and Hatcher 1991; Gisler 1995; Kourou 1998; Coldstream 2003, 173–76 ; CVA Metropolitan Museum 5, 80–84 (Moore); Aloupi and Kourou 2008; CVA British Museum 11, 46–51 (Coldstream). 7 See Boardman 1980, 71 with n. 78; Lentini 1990, 78 with fig. 38; Verdan et al. 2008, 98; Verdan 2013, 15, no. 214. 8 I should like to express here my sincere gratitude to her and take the opportunity also to thank Eric Jean most warmly for his assistance. 3 THE ERETRIAN LATE GEOMETRIC OINOCHOE ISTANBUL 1503 1019 above), the octofoil on the neck has dots, not dot rosettes in its interstices, the metopal frieze on the neck is framed by two vertical bands of chevrons which I overlooked, and the concentric circles below are triple, not double. Considerably more important is the recovery of the vessel’s inventory number. It reveals that the vase had been part of the huge collection which Luigi Palma di Cesnola assembled in Cyprus, where he was consul of the United States from 1865 to 1876, at a time when the island was still part of the Ottoman empire.9 More or less voluntarily, he handed over 88 crates of his antiquities in 1873 to the then director of the Archaeological Museum in Istanbul, Dr P.A. Déthier.10 Although Déthier himself is credited with the production of a first inventory of the collection,11 it was his successor, Osman Hamdi Bey, who entrusted Georges Nicole in 1904 with the production of a catalogue of the over 800 vases exhibited in the museum’s ‘Cypriot room’.12 Unfortunately without illustrations, it was published in the 37th fascicule of the Bulletin de l’Institut genevois and appeared as a separate booklet in 1906.13 Our oinochoe is described on page 41 under the number 826. In Cesnola’s ‘narrative of researches and excavations during ten years’ residence’,14 the Euboean jug which was to become Istanbul inv. 1503 is not mentioned, unlike another Late Geometric Greek vase in his collection, i.e. the large krater now in the Metropolitan Museum in New York which has become the name vase of the Euboean ‘Cesnola Painter’.15 It is described as having been part of the (in)famous ‘Treasure of Curium’,16 which recent investigations have revealed to be fictitious, created by Cesnola (to match ‘Priam’s treasure’ found by his rival Heinrich Schliemann in Troy in 1873) from antiquities he ‘bought from native diggers from all over the island’.17 It is therefore quite conceivable that our jug was found with the krater, together with two other Euboean jugs purchased by the Metropolitan Museum,18 and that, being the only one without figurative decoration, it was considered a ‘duplicate’ and added to the lot offered to Déthier in 1873.19 The clear, rhythmic ordering of the jug’s decoration, which corresponds with and emphasises the vessel’s structure, is indeed reminiscent of the krater in New York, and almost all the motifs used in its decoration belong to what one may call the ‘Cesnolan vocabulary’:20 one notes especially the octofoil and cross-hatched waterbird metopes, the checked frieze, the rows of chevrons, and the tangential triple concentric circles. Yet the 9 For the most recent account of Cesnola’s activities, with references. to the earlier literature, see Barker and Merrillees 2019. 10 See Nicole 1906, 5; Marangou 2000, 135; and for a more detailed account, Merrillees 2017, 60, 75–81. I am profoundly grateful to Robert Merrillees for providing me with an electronic version of his paper: it proved instrumental in identifying the oinochoe’s provenance. 11 See Reinach 1882, 74. 12 Merrillees 2017, 95. 13 See above n. 10. 14 As the subtitle to Palma di Cesnola 1877 reads. 15 CVA Metropolitan Museum 5, pls. 46–49. 16 Palma di Cesnola 1877, 332–33 with pl. 29. 17 Marangou 2000, 263–65; Merrillees 2017, 73. 18 CVA The Metropolitan Museum 5, pl. 50. 19 See above with n. 10. 20 See Descœudres 2008, 7. Frequently referred to as ‘Cesnolan style’ (see, for example, Kourou 1998; 2015, 224, n. 58; or Verdan et al. 2008, 49), confusing ‘style’ – as an art-historical term meaning ‘the man himself’, as J.D. Beazley put it in ABV x) – with ‘fashion’ or ‘manner’, resulting in incomprehensible or contradictory statements such as ‘The main reason for attributing the vase to the painter rather than to his 1020 JEAN-PAUL DESCŒUDRES prominent zigzag bands in added white are novel and suggest that our jug belongs to the generation following that of the ‘Cesnola Painter’.21 The increasingly abundant use of motifs painted in added white on dark glaze is characteristic of the last years of the Geometric period in Eretria,22 zigzag bands being particularly frequent on jugs and kraters.23 Whether the jug now in the Archaeological Museum of Istanbul was found with the famous ‘Cesnola krater’ or not, it represents an important addition to the already solid corpus of Euboean exports to Cyprus,24 and is so far the only piece of undoubtedly Eretrian manufacture.25 Although the absence of figurative motifs which might reveal its painter’s ‘individualistic quirks’26 prevents its attribution to a particular ‘hand’ or ‘workshop’, its similarity to the pieces listed above in n. 5 permits of no doubt as to its Eretrian origin. Particularly close among them is the neck and shoulder fragment inv. 64-293-5 found in one of the pits in the area of the Temple of Apollo:27 it is of practically identical size and shape, identical shoulder and belly decoration, and its neck is decorated with the same motifs as those on our jug, though in a slightly different arrangement. (The tangential triple concentric circles are above instead of below the metopal frieze and the central metope features a quatrefoil instead of an octofoil, the framing vertical bands are crosshatched instead of filled with chevrons.) It was found in the same pit (253) in which one of the rare Cypriot imports had been deposited28 – by sheer coincidence? BIBLIOGRAPHY Aloupi, A. and Kourou, N. 2008: ‘Late Geometric Slipped Pottery. Technological Variations and Workshop Attibutions (Euboean, Cycladic, and Attic Workshops)’. In Mazarakis Ainian, A. (ed.), Oropos and Euboea in the Early Iron Age (Acts of an International Round Table, University of Thessaly, June 18–20, 2004) (Volos), 287–318. Andreiomenou, A. 1975: ‘Γεωμετρικὴ καὶ ὑπογεωμετρικὴ κεραμεικὴ ἐξ Ἐρετρίας’. Αρχαιολογική Eφημερίς, 206–29. —. 1982: ‘Γεωμετρικὴ καὶ ὑπογεωμετρικὴ κεραμεικὴ ἐξ Ἐρετρίας, 4’. Αρχαιολογική Εφημερίς, 161–86. —. 1983: ‘Γεωμετρικὴ καὶ ὑπογεωμετρικὴ κεραμεικὴ ἐξ Ἐρετρίας, 5’. Αρχαιολογική Εφημερίς, 161–92. Barker, C. and Merrillees, R.S. 2019: ‘Cypriot Antiquities from the Cesnola Collections in the Nicholson Museum, The University of Sydney’. Mediterranean Archaeology 30 (for 2017), 51–72. style …’ (Lemos 2014, 49). Note that S. Verdan (2013 passim) uses the correct expression ‘répertoire décoratif du Peintre de Cesnola’ synonymously with the term ‘style du Peintre de Cesnola’. 21 Add to the extensive bibliography on the Cesnola Painter in CVA Metropolitan Museum 5, 80–81, Aloupi-Kourou 2008, passim, especially 293–94, 297; Verdan et al. 2008, passim, especially 114–15; Descœudres 2008, 7; Lemos 2014. 22 See Andreiomenou 1983, 226–27; Verdan et al. 2008, 109. 23 For jugs, see above nn. 3 and 4; for kraters, see, for example, Popham and Sackett 1979, pl. 53, nos. 235–236; Andreiomenou 1982, pl. 37, nos. 268–270. 24 See Descœudres 2008, especially 12–14. 25 For the few Cypriot imports found in Eretria, see Andreiomenou 1975, 208–09, pl. 53a; Verdan et al. 2008, 43; Verdan 2013, 97, 99. On possible reflexions in the local pottery of the exchanges between Eretria and Cyprus, see Descœudres 1968, 104; Kourou 2015, 224. 26 Coldstream 1971, 2. 27 Verdan 2013, no. 214, pl. 84. 28 Verdan 2013, 97. THE ERETRIAN LATE GEOMETRIC OINOCHOE ISTANBUL 1503 1021 Boardman, J. 1980: ‘The Late Geometric Pottery’. In Popham and Sackett 1980, 57–79. Coldstream, J.N. 1971: ‘The Cesnola Painter: A Change of Address’. Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies 18, 1–15. —. 2003: Geometric Greece: 900–700 BC, 2nd ed. (London). Descœudres, J.-P. 1968: ‘Ausgewählte eretrische Keramik aus dem siebten und sechsten Jahrhundert v. Chr.’. Antike Kunst 11, 102–05. —. 1976: ‘Die vorklassische Keramik aus dem Gebiet des Westtors’. Eretria 5: Ombres de l’Eubée? (Berne), 13–58. —. 2008: ‘Euboean Pottery Overseas (10th to 7th centuries BC)’. Mediterranean Archaeology 19–20, 1–24. Gisler, J.R. 1995: ‘Erétrie et le Peintre de Cesnola’. Archaiognosia 8, 11–95. Kourou, N. 1998: ‘Euboea and Naxos in the Late Geometric Period: the Cesnola Style’. In Bats, M. and d’Agostino, B. (eds.), Euboica: L’Eubea e la presenza euboica in Calcidica e in Occidente (Atti del convegno internazionale di Napoli, 13–16 novembre 1996) (Collection du Centre Jean Bérard 16; Annali Istituto universitario orientale, Sezione di archeologia e storia antica. Quaderno 12) (Naples), 167–79 —. 2015: ‘Cypriots and Levantines in the Central Aegean’. In Descœudres, J.-P. and Paspalas, S.A. (eds.), Zagora in Context: Settlements and Intercommunal Links in the Geometric Period (900– 700 BC) (Proceedings of the Conference held by The Australian Archaeological Institute at Athens and The Archaeological Society at Athens, Athens, 20–22 May, 2012) (= Mediterranean Archaeology 25) (Sydney), 215–27. Lemos, I.S. 2014: ‘The Cesnola Painter, again’. In Valavanis, P. and Manakidou, E. (eds.), Essays on Greek Pottery and Iconography in Honour of Professor Michalis Tiverios (Thessalonica), 47–53. Lemos, I. and Hatcher, H. 1991: ‘Early Greek Vases in Cyprus: Euboean and Attic’. Oxford Journal of Archaeology 10, 197–208. Lentini, M.C. 1990: ‘Le oinochoai « a collo tagliato ». Un contributo alla conoscenza della ceramica di Naxos di VIII e VII secolo a.C.’. Bollettino d’Arte 60, 67–82. Marangou, A.G. 2000: The Consul Luigi Palma di Cesnola 1832–1904: Life and Deeds (Nicosia). Merrillees, R.S. 2017: ‘Cypriote Antiquities in Late Ottoman Istanbul and Smyrna’. Cahiers du Centre d’Études Chypriotes 47, 43–164. Nicole, G. 1906: Catalogue des vases cypriotes du Musée de Constantinople (Geneva). Palma di Cesnola, L. 1877: Cyprus: Its Ancient Cities, Tombs, and Temples. Narrative of Researches and Excavations during Ten Years’ Residence (New York). Popham, M.R. and Sackett, L.H. (eds.) 1979: Lefkandi 1: The Iron Age (British School at Athens Suppl. vol. 2) (London). Reber, K. 2010: ‘Η Ελβετικὴ Αρχαιολογικὴ Σχολὴ στην Ελλάδα’. In Kaltsas, N. et al. ΕΡΕΤΡΙΑ: Ματιές σε μια αρχαία πόλη (Exhibition Catalogue) (Athens), 38–41. Reinach, S. 1882: Catalogue du Musée Impérial d’Antiquités (Constantinople). Verdan, S. 2013: Eretria 22: Le sanctuaire d’Apollon Daphnéphoros à l’époque géométrique (Gollion). Verdan, S., Pfyffer, A.K. and Léderrey, C. 2008: Eretria 20: Céramique géométrique d’Erétrie (Gollion).