Dimitrios Dalaklis
Dr. Dimitrios Dalaklis joined WMU in the summer of 2014, upon completion of a twenty-six years distinguished career with the Hellenic Navy (HN). Having spent numerous years at sea, his expertise revolves around maritime safety and security issues, including topics under the maritime education and training agenda. Upon graduation from the Hellenic Naval Academy (HNA), he followed the normal career path of a naval officer by serving on-board various large warships of the Hellenic Fleet. After gaining experience as an Officer of the Watch (OOW), he qualified as a Navigator from both the Greek (H.N.) and the Royal Navy (R.N.) and has repeatedly dealt with navigation in confined waters. He has also fulfilled effectively many other duties related to naval operations, such as Operations Officer (Ops), Executive Officer (EO) and he has completed a Command tour at sea, being the Captain (CO) of H.S. NIKIFOROS. Dr. Dalaklis is a graduate of the Hellenic Navy's Command Staff College and after his graduation from the Hellenic Joint Warfare College he became the Head of the Navigation Simulator Department in the HNA. Then, he continued with various educational and training senior positions ashore.
Based upon his expertise, he has performed, coordinated and supervised many series of training involving the use of simulators, as well as on-board practical workout programs. The same applies to various educational and/or professional development activities. He is very familiar with high level educational activities and has served as the Director of Studies in the Hellenic Navy's Petty Officers Academy; subsequently, he was appointed as the STCW Director (Standards of Training, Certification and Watch-keeping) of the Hellenic Fleet. Furthermore, as a (former) staff member of the Operations Evaluations Directorate, he has conducted numerous audits/inspections of vessels (QHSE activities). Apart from his service in the Hellenic Navy, he has maintained an intense academic activity. He has been lecturing in the HNA in many aspects of Navigation (Ship Handling, COLREG, Tides-Currents, Electronic Navigation -GNSSs, ECDIS, AIS, etc.) since 2005; from 2009 until being honourably discharged from active service he was holding the position of Senior Lecturer in Navigation. Additionally, he has served as an adjunct lecturer in the Hellenic National Defence College (HNDC) in the domains of Geopolitics and Maritime Security. Dr. Dalaklis, an Associate Fellow of the Nautical Institute (NI) and a Member of the International Association of Maritime Economists (IAME), holds a Bachelor in Maritime Sciences from the HNA. His postgraduate studies took place in the Naval Postgraduate School of the United States, during which he was awarded with two different Masters' degrees (MSc in Information Technology Management, with distinction & Defence Analysis). He then conducted his PhD research at the University of the Aegean, Department of Shipping, Trade and Transport. He is the author/co-author of many articles, journal papers & studies in both the Greek and English language, with a strong research focus on issues related to the implementation of the SOLAS Convention and especially electronic equipment/systems supporting the safety of navigation.
His academic work includes the books (2008) "Electronic Navigation Equipment” (and its new updated version (2016) "Electronic Navigation Equipment and Electronic Chart Display and Information Systems (ECDIS)”), as well as (2011) "Contemporary Sea Transport System and Piracy" and (2014) “GLOBAL GEOGRAPHY: The Key role of the Mediterranean in energy, maritime transport and environmental protection”, currently in use in various Greek higher education institutions. His first book in English (2018) “Trends and Challenges in Maritime Energy Management" was made available by Springer International Publishing AG. Discussing cutting edge technological developments, there are also (2022) “"Autonomous Vessels in Maritime Affairs” (vol. 1) and “Smart Ports and Autonomous Systems" (vol. 2), that will be made available by Palgrave Macmillan.
Based upon his expertise, he has performed, coordinated and supervised many series of training involving the use of simulators, as well as on-board practical workout programs. The same applies to various educational and/or professional development activities. He is very familiar with high level educational activities and has served as the Director of Studies in the Hellenic Navy's Petty Officers Academy; subsequently, he was appointed as the STCW Director (Standards of Training, Certification and Watch-keeping) of the Hellenic Fleet. Furthermore, as a (former) staff member of the Operations Evaluations Directorate, he has conducted numerous audits/inspections of vessels (QHSE activities). Apart from his service in the Hellenic Navy, he has maintained an intense academic activity. He has been lecturing in the HNA in many aspects of Navigation (Ship Handling, COLREG, Tides-Currents, Electronic Navigation -GNSSs, ECDIS, AIS, etc.) since 2005; from 2009 until being honourably discharged from active service he was holding the position of Senior Lecturer in Navigation. Additionally, he has served as an adjunct lecturer in the Hellenic National Defence College (HNDC) in the domains of Geopolitics and Maritime Security. Dr. Dalaklis, an Associate Fellow of the Nautical Institute (NI) and a Member of the International Association of Maritime Economists (IAME), holds a Bachelor in Maritime Sciences from the HNA. His postgraduate studies took place in the Naval Postgraduate School of the United States, during which he was awarded with two different Masters' degrees (MSc in Information Technology Management, with distinction & Defence Analysis). He then conducted his PhD research at the University of the Aegean, Department of Shipping, Trade and Transport. He is the author/co-author of many articles, journal papers & studies in both the Greek and English language, with a strong research focus on issues related to the implementation of the SOLAS Convention and especially electronic equipment/systems supporting the safety of navigation.
His academic work includes the books (2008) "Electronic Navigation Equipment” (and its new updated version (2016) "Electronic Navigation Equipment and Electronic Chart Display and Information Systems (ECDIS)”), as well as (2011) "Contemporary Sea Transport System and Piracy" and (2014) “GLOBAL GEOGRAPHY: The Key role of the Mediterranean in energy, maritime transport and environmental protection”, currently in use in various Greek higher education institutions. His first book in English (2018) “Trends and Challenges in Maritime Energy Management" was made available by Springer International Publishing AG. Discussing cutting edge technological developments, there are also (2022) “"Autonomous Vessels in Maritime Affairs” (vol. 1) and “Smart Ports and Autonomous Systems" (vol. 2), that will be made available by Palgrave Macmillan.
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standards onboard ships and reduce the probability of accidents. Unfortunately, abandonment procedures still remain at large inefficient. A very indicative example is provided by the evacuation of Costa Concordia, which lasted more than 6 hours, although the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) dictates this type of operation should not exceed 30 minutes. This research effort aims to provide a clear understanding to the causes behind the inefficiencies and flaws existing in the current evacuation procedures. By deploying a qualitative method, causes behind the accidents and how these can affect the abandonment process will be explored; contributions of the human element and how the psychological/behavioral attributes of people can affect the outcome of an evacuation will be included. Finally, the design of passenger/cruise ships will be
discussed in an attempt to identify possible areas of improvement.
reductions and estimating the effects over a defined time horizon. Methods: This research employs an interdisciplinary approach and uses quantitative data with a bottom-up approach for data collection.
For the quantification of health costs, reference was made to the CAFE program, which defines a calculation method to estimate the external costs generated by polluting agents such as NH3, NOx, SO2, VOCs, and PM.
Results: Analysis of results shows the significant importance of relying on
cold ironing and the importance of renewable port generation. Health cost savings using cold ironing and a different mix of generations are calculated, and these results strongly signal the importance of
cold ironing.
Conclusions: Cold ironing is indeed an effective anti-pollution measure. Its use to reduce polluting emissions is to be strongly recommended. Investments are cost-effective versus health costs and are sustainable by all parties.
access to vital energy resources is undermined; and/or international resource distribution is threatened. Therefore, the maritime domain (and its military, legal, and commercial components) represents a Russia/Ukraine conflict cornerstone and the epicenter of this analysis. This conflict highlights maritime trade importance and re-establishes the strategic significance of protecting multi-polarity, the “rule of law”, and freedom of the seas within the Black Sea region (BSR), which today represents a very large concentration of power (involving actors like Russia, USA, NATO, EU) and has been the site of ten post-Cold War conflicts. Resultantly, maritime domain objectives and tactical events (on, above, and below the seas) require detailed analysis as hostilities continue, the norms and principles of international law are threatened and/or undermined, and prospective combat end-state(s) are
considered. Such will define Russia’s and Ukraine’s future(s), as well as economic-diplomatic stability and the future of rulesbased international order across the BSR, which is a vital maritime transport corridor. Amidst increasing maritime emphasis, this conflict also illustrates transformational warfighting facets. In addition to troops, ships, and aircraft, modern battlefields now include issues like: Information Warfare outlets; “lawfare”; cyber threats; and adversaries with unprecedented Artificial Intelligence capabilities. The international community must
acknowledge these skills yield warfighting capability to nations lacking capacity. As naval warfare equipment and tactics change, protecting sea lanes, preventing maritime hegemony, and upholding the “rule of law”, remain dominant-and are enhanced by globalization.
a specific national security challenge currently faced by Greece and the EU in large part, namely mixed migratory flows in the Aegean Sea. It explores the theoretical (geo)strategic underpinning of border management at the external EU borders in the Aegean Sea; merely desk research was used for the collection/analysis of the data. Relevant results suggest that (geo)strategic considerations provide improved understanding not only of the root causes of seaborne migration that are identified as heightened status of insecurity and extreme poverty in the States of origin, but also of
strategy formulation in the field of border management at European and national level (Greek sea borders). Results are discussed in terms of existent (geo)strategic theories and models, with a special focus on the ‘strategic thinking in 3D’ framework, the ‘Heartland’ and ‘Rimland’ theses, as well as topographical features and demographics. The aim is to shed light on strategic thinking and planning in the wider domain of security and provide recommendations to improve the current situation.
standards onboard ships and reduce the probability of accidents. Unfortunately, abandonment procedures still remain at large inefficient. A very indicative example is provided by the evacuation of Costa Concordia, which lasted more than 6 hours, although the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) dictates this type of operation should not exceed 30 minutes. This research effort aims to provide a clear understanding to the causes behind the inefficiencies and flaws existing in the current evacuation procedures. By deploying a qualitative method, causes behind the accidents and how these can affect the abandonment process will be explored; contributions of the human element and how the psychological/behavioral attributes of people can affect the outcome of an evacuation will be included. Finally, the design of passenger/cruise ships will be
discussed in an attempt to identify possible areas of improvement.
reductions and estimating the effects over a defined time horizon. Methods: This research employs an interdisciplinary approach and uses quantitative data with a bottom-up approach for data collection.
For the quantification of health costs, reference was made to the CAFE program, which defines a calculation method to estimate the external costs generated by polluting agents such as NH3, NOx, SO2, VOCs, and PM.
Results: Analysis of results shows the significant importance of relying on
cold ironing and the importance of renewable port generation. Health cost savings using cold ironing and a different mix of generations are calculated, and these results strongly signal the importance of
cold ironing.
Conclusions: Cold ironing is indeed an effective anti-pollution measure. Its use to reduce polluting emissions is to be strongly recommended. Investments are cost-effective versus health costs and are sustainable by all parties.
access to vital energy resources is undermined; and/or international resource distribution is threatened. Therefore, the maritime domain (and its military, legal, and commercial components) represents a Russia/Ukraine conflict cornerstone and the epicenter of this analysis. This conflict highlights maritime trade importance and re-establishes the strategic significance of protecting multi-polarity, the “rule of law”, and freedom of the seas within the Black Sea region (BSR), which today represents a very large concentration of power (involving actors like Russia, USA, NATO, EU) and has been the site of ten post-Cold War conflicts. Resultantly, maritime domain objectives and tactical events (on, above, and below the seas) require detailed analysis as hostilities continue, the norms and principles of international law are threatened and/or undermined, and prospective combat end-state(s) are
considered. Such will define Russia’s and Ukraine’s future(s), as well as economic-diplomatic stability and the future of rulesbased international order across the BSR, which is a vital maritime transport corridor. Amidst increasing maritime emphasis, this conflict also illustrates transformational warfighting facets. In addition to troops, ships, and aircraft, modern battlefields now include issues like: Information Warfare outlets; “lawfare”; cyber threats; and adversaries with unprecedented Artificial Intelligence capabilities. The international community must
acknowledge these skills yield warfighting capability to nations lacking capacity. As naval warfare equipment and tactics change, protecting sea lanes, preventing maritime hegemony, and upholding the “rule of law”, remain dominant-and are enhanced by globalization.
a specific national security challenge currently faced by Greece and the EU in large part, namely mixed migratory flows in the Aegean Sea. It explores the theoretical (geo)strategic underpinning of border management at the external EU borders in the Aegean Sea; merely desk research was used for the collection/analysis of the data. Relevant results suggest that (geo)strategic considerations provide improved understanding not only of the root causes of seaborne migration that are identified as heightened status of insecurity and extreme poverty in the States of origin, but also of
strategy formulation in the field of border management at European and national level (Greek sea borders). Results are discussed in terms of existent (geo)strategic theories and models, with a special focus on the ‘strategic thinking in 3D’ framework, the ‘Heartland’ and ‘Rimland’ theses, as well as topographical features and demographics. The aim is to shed light on strategic thinking and planning in the wider domain of security and provide recommendations to improve the current situation.
The contemporary world relies heavily on oil to cover its energy needs. Unfortunately, oil spills at the locations of production, or during the associated transport endeavors continue to be one of the major threats to both society and the environment at the global level. Oil spills actually pose a greater threat in areas associated with major shipping routes, areas around pipelines and onshore/offshore rigs, as well as in the vicinity of oil and gas processing infrastructures. The United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 14, requires protection of our ocean, marine life and resources; therefore, minimizing possible oil spill incidents and their adverse impacts should be deemed as a very high priority.
The project “South Baltic Oil spill response” (SBOIL) was co-funded by the European Union’s (EU) South Baltic Program, covering the period from summer of 2016 to the end of 2019. The University of Rostock, as the leading partner, cooperated with the World Maritime University and the Maritime University of Szczecin on the issue of “Oil Spill Response within the South Baltic Sea Region”, following the clean-up with biogenic oil binders perspective. SBOIL is a continuation of the project BioBind, which mainly focused on the creation and introduction into service of an oil recovery system designed for coastal waters, shallow areas and adverse weather conditions. The BioBind approach established a methodology relying on biodegradable oil binders that are deployed by airplanes and/or helicopters. The removal process involves a special net-boom, comprising of fishing nets and conventional containment booms. The project SBOIL aims to use this new “green” technology to improve present cross-border oil spill response capabilities.
This handbook will provide the reader with basic knowledge about oil spills, response measures and the structural approaches of the individual South Baltic (SB) countries of Sweden, Denmark, Germany, Lithuania, Poland and Russia. It aims to close an existing information gap in relation to oil spill response without contradicting existing regulations and already established policies and guidelines. Furthermore, it aspires to improve international collaboration between local and regional authorities and facilitate their better interaction with the respective national incident managers. A certain number of both national and international workshops, as well as an expanded portfolio of capacity building activities based on a table top exercise have been implemented as part of this project; their most important findings and recommendations are summarized in the sections that follow.
The SBOIL project has designed and implemented a very wide range of activities (various SBOIL spill response exercises, national workshops and an international table top exercise), developed spill response scenarios and a biogenic spill response training kit to inform and train people engaged with oil spill response during and after the project. Furthermore, a designated station to be used in the future during a relevant emergency situation was created. Additionally, a biogenic spill response training package in the simulator setting (via a nautical simulator) was developed to cover the needs of the people that will handle this new equipment/technique.
As a starting point, this handbook will focus primarily on providing a comprehensive overview on oil spills in the South Baltic (SB) Sea area, including the related response measures in general. It will also summarize the above mentioned Baltic Sea countries’ structural approaches, as well as their respective legal frameworks in relation to the issue of oil spill response.
This handbook will also provide an insight into the lessons learnt from the tabletop exercise in Poland in 2018, as well those derived from the national workshops that took place during the 2017-2019 timeframe in Sweden and Poland.
The focus is on Mexico; however, it can be applicable to other countries facing similar security threats and insecurity levels. Possible solutions associated with the effective implementation of the ISPS Code and appropriate maritime security measures are pin-pointed. In most cases, the crude oil is stolen directly from the charge buoys located offshore or from maritime terminals, with cooperation from corrupted employees from the maritime traffic centres and other authorities. With the use of fake invoices, it is used for illegal bunkering or transported by large ocean-going tankers to selected refineries outside the country; this requires signif-icant efforts and coordination that can only be facilitated by well-organized crimi-nal rings.
An important conclusion is that oil theft and illegal bunkering activities, as well as piratic attacks against offshore platforms are clearly on the rise in the case of Mexico. It is furthermore highlighted that the new trend of transport of drugs in packages adhered to the bulbous bow of vessels require international acknowl-edgment and appropriate handling measures to effectively tackle the specific un-lawful practice, globally. The full application of the referred mandatory Code and rigid compliance with the Port Facility Security Plan (PFSP) and Ship Security Plan (SSP) as a working document during the 365 days of the year, both at ports and vessels could potentially reduce this increasing tendency. Recommendations concerning the use of remote controlled underwater vehicles (drones) by port au-thorities for hull-vessel inspections are also included.
The potential performance of methanol as a fuel is discussed and evaluated via two different perspectives (the ship-owner perspective and the government one), through case studies of two passenger ships owned by the shipping company Pelayaran Indonesia (PELNI): MV. Labobar and MV. Gunung Dempo. As ship-owners tend to look very closely at the economic aspects, a feasibility study is performed by developing a combinatorial scenario approach based on the combination of economic measures of merit (NPV and payback period) along with a technical scenario (main-pilot fuel set up); a few of the variables included in the calculation are: ship age, ship productivity, and macro-economy conditions. Regarding the government perspective, the issues of environmental protection and policy compliance are evaluated by examining six emission types (NOx, SOx, CO2, CH4, N2O, and PM). Additionally, since there is a trade-off situation in government subsidies between the government and ship-owner interests, an optimization and sensitivity analysis is performed by utilizing a combinatorial scenario model to determine optimum methanol price and external variables influencing the decision to support further use of methanol in the Indonesian market.
An important finding was that Indonesia has certain advantages/drivers to introduce methanol as marine fuel. However, methanol competitiveness is mainly dependent on ship productivity and the price differences between methanol and marine diesel oil (MDO). Additionally, policy analysis (through an optimization approach) could be one of the government options in order to determine the optimum condition in establishing methanol as marine fuel. Finally, short, medium, and long term recommendations are also provided as the basis for future consideration.