Papers by Bahira Abdulsalam
Concrete is the most widely used construction material. However, large volumes of natural resourc... more Concrete is the most widely used construction material. However, large volumes of natural resources and raw materials are being consumed in concrete production. This reduces concrete industry sustainability and increase its environmental negative impact. On the other hand, the agriculture sector is facing problems that require more efforts in agro-waste managements. To resolve this problem and binifit from agrowaste, in this study, the potential of using different types of agro-wastes in concrete as a total/partial replacement of aggregate will be evaluated. Three types of agro-wastes, which are categorized based on their fibrosity, fine and coarse, were tested. In addition, two types of binding materials, namely, ordinary cement and activated slag were used. Full characterization for different agro-waste and corresponding variations in compressive strength, density and microstructure were evaluated. Results showed that the compressive strength is directly affected by the physical p...
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Handbook of Sustainable Concrete and Industrial Waste Management, 2022
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In the last two decades advanced composites (Fiber Reinforced Polymers) or FRP materials have gai... more In the last two decades advanced composites (Fiber Reinforced Polymers) or FRP materials have gained worldwide acceptance for structural strengthening. Because of their attractive advantages, FRP materials are very appealing to be used for retrofitting heritage structures. The causes of degradation of historical structures include environmental degradation, displacements such are those from foundation movement, overloading caused mainly by seismic actions. Historical structures are usually lacking the design for lateral loads which makes them in need of retrofitting. Some of the salient features of composite materials include very high tensile strength to weight ratio. The light weight of FRP helps in maintaining the seismic properties of the structure. This review paper highlights the most important items that must be considered when rehabilitating historical structures. In this paper some selected FRP strengthened heritage structures are presented located in different places aroun...
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High demand of natural resources and the disposal problem of agricultural wastes are two main cha... more High demand of natural resources and the disposal problem of agricultural wastes are two main challenges faced by construction and agriculture sectors. Therefore, the use of agro-waste in the construction industry can be an optimum solution. In response to the increased interest in sustainable construction materials, many agricultural waste materials are already used in concrete as alternative replacements for cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate and reinforcing materials. This paper provides an overview for the successful implementations of different agricultural waste materials to produce green concrete for different construction applications. It highlights the quantitative benefits of sustainable construction using agricultural waste materials and benefits of green materials in construction applications. This would allow engineers and policymakers to consider designing for sustainability as a new requirement in the design for publicly funded structures.
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International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering, 2015
Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) bars are gaining increasing acceptance in construction industry pa... more Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) bars are gaining increasing acceptance in construction industry particularly in aggressive environments. Enhancing the serviceability behavior is of main points that still require further investigations. In this paper a solution for the bond and serviceability enhancement is proposed through modifying the bar shape and enhancing the concrete properties. Newly developed square glass-FRP (GFRP) bars were fabricated, tested, and the behavior was compared with circular GFRP and steel bars. The physical and mechanical properties of GFRP square and circular bars are presented. An experimental study of oneway concrete slabs reinforced with the developed square and circular GFRP and steel bars was performed. A total of 9 full-scale RC slabs were fabricated and tested up to failure to study the effect ofthe test parameters: type of reinforcement (steel versus GFRP), bar cross section shape, concrete compressive strength, reinforcement ratio of longitudinal bars...
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Construction and Building Materials, 2016
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In the last two decades advanced composites (Fiber Reinforced Polymers) or FRP materials have gai... more In the last two decades advanced composites (Fiber Reinforced Polymers) or FRP materials have gained worldwide acceptance for structural strengthening. Because of their attractive advantages, FRP materials are very appealing to be used for retrofitting heritage structures. The causes of degradation of historical structures include environmental degradation, displacements such are those from foundation movement, overloading caused mainly by seismic actions. Historical structures are usually lacking the design for lateral loads which makes them in need of retrofitting. Some of the salient features of composite materials include very high tensile strength to weight ratio. The light weight of FRP helps in maintaining the seismic properties of the structure. This review paper highlights the most important items that must be considered when rehabilitating historical structures. In this paper some selected FRP strengthened heritage structures are presented located in different places aroun...
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Structures, 2021
Abstract This paper presents experimental and theoretical investigations on the short-term behavi... more Abstract This paper presents experimental and theoretical investigations on the short-term behavior of stone masonry walls constructed with lime mortar. The walls were strengthened using unidirectional GFRP (Glass fiber reinforced polymers) sheets to resist out-of-plane loads. Two methods of anchorage were used to enhance the behavior of strengthened stone masonry walls by preventing premature peeling-off of the GFRP sheets caused by GFRP debonding. Nine GFRP strengthened limestone masonry wall specimens including two control specimens were tested under combined constant low axial load levels and out-of-plane bending caused by two point monotonic loading. All the specimens have height-to-thickness (h/t) ratio of 7.1. The main variables investigated were GFRP reinforcement ratio, arrangement of GFRP, axial load level, and anchorage method. The strengthened walls showed an improvement in the out-of-plane performance which was significantly enhanced by anchorage. The increase in wall ultimate load carrying capacity reached 100%.
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Construction and Building Materials, 2016
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Construction and Building Materials, 2016
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: Nine one-way concrete slabs reinforced with carbon-FRP bars were constructed and tested to fail... more : Nine one-way concrete slabs reinforced with carbon-FRP bars were constructed and tested to failure under two-point loading. The effect of reinforcement ratios, bar diameters, and various concrete compressive strengths were investigated to determine the concrete’s contribution to shear strength. Slab structural behavior in terms of crack patterns, modes of failure, and ultimate capacities were examined. All slabs ultimately failed in shear that caused rupture and complete separation of both parts of the slab. One of the tested slabs, however, formed more main shear-crack branches, yielding progressive post-peak failure, which protected it from experiencing the catastrophic explosive mode of failure as did the other slabs. The results are compared to the concrete-contribution models derived from CSA S806-12, , CSA S6.1S1-06 ACI 440.1R-06, and JSCE97.
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A high proportion of the world's cultural heritage is built in stone, to save our heritage ad... more A high proportion of the world's cultural heritage is built in stone, to save our heritage advanced composite materials has recently introduced innovative low– invasive solutions for masonry enhancement, URM (Unreinforced masonry) walls are prone to failure when subjected to excessive out-of-plane loads caused by earthquakes, blast, and wind or earth pressure. This research presents experimental and theoretical studies on the short-term behavior of stone masonry walls laid with lime mortar, similar to ancient building materials. The walls were strengthened using an advanced composite material system GFRP (Glass fiber reinforced polymers) to resist out-of-plane-loads. Two methods of anchorage were used to enhance the behavior of strengthened stone masonry walls the first was by using GFRP anchor spikes at each end of the GFRP sheets and the second was by using hand made GFRP angles. The main objectives of this study are to evaluate the effectiveness of the GFRP strengthening and ...
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Fiber Reinforced Polymers FRP are widely used for strengthening reinforced concrete and masonry s... more Fiber Reinforced Polymers FRP are widely used for strengthening reinforced concrete and masonry structures . Because of their attractive advantages , FRP are used for retrofitting of heritage structures to resist seismic actions, lacking the design for lateral loads . Some of their salient features include very high tensile strength to weight ratio. The light weight of FRP helps in maintaining the seismic properties of the structure . In this paper a review of some selected FRP strengthened heritage structures is presented . Each case presents a unique intervention philosophy and different utilization of FRP materials in restoration work . This review highlights one of the most important items that must be considered when rehabilitating historical structures which is structural safety considering preservation guidelines to keep the historical value of the structure. Some of the key aspects concerning this effective structural strengthening method, are aesthetic of the structure , ma...
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Bridge deck and parking garage slabs are exposed to aggressive environments particularly in the N... more Bridge deck and parking garage slabs are exposed to aggressive environments particularly in the North American regions resulting from the excessive use of de-icing salts. Fiber-reinforced-polymer (FRP) reinforcements have emerged as a practical and sustainable anti-corrosive reinforcing material with superior tensile strength to overcome the corrosion problem. High comfort level and increase use of the material is currently seen. Protection and regulations policies of some Public North American agencies currently include GFRP reinforcing bars as premium reinforcement. Shear behaviour in RC slabs is examined since most of the bridge deck and parking garage slabs are shear-critical. However, there is still no agreement in FRP design codes and guidelines for shear strength equations. Several design code equations are still based on empirical relationships while recent developments are based on shear theories. The complex nature of shear phenomena which is influenced by many parameters,...
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A high proportion of Egypt’s and the world's cultural heritage is built of stone, to save our... more A high proportion of Egypt’s and the world's cultural heritage is built of stone, to save our heritage advanced composite materials has recently introduced innovative low–invasive solutions for masonry enhancement . URM (Unreinforced masonry) walls are prone to failure when subjected to excessive out-of-plane loads caused by earthquakes, blast, and wind or earth pressure. This paper presents experimental and theoretical studies on the short-term behavior of stone masonry walls laid with lime mortar. The walls were strengthened using unidirectional GFRP (Glass fiber reinforced polymers) sheets to resist out-of-plane-loads. Two methods of anchorage were used to enhance the behavior of strengthened stone masonry walls by preventing premature peeling off of the GFRP sheets caused by GFRP debonding .The first method was by using different configurations of hand made GFRP anchor spikes at each end of the GFRP sheets and the second method was by using hand made GFRP angles which was su...
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Materials Sciences and Applications, 2015
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Sustainability, 2021
This paper aims to investigate the effect of fine recycled concrete powder (FRCP) on the strength... more This paper aims to investigate the effect of fine recycled concrete powder (FRCP) on the strength of self-compacting concrete (SCC). For this purpose, a numerical artificial neural network (ANN) model was developed for strength prediction of SCC incorporating FRCP. At first, 240 experimental data sets were selected from the literature to develop the model. Approximately 60% of the database was used for training, 20% for testing, and the remaining 20% for the validation step. Model inputs included binder content, water/binder ratio, recycled concrete aggregates’ (RCA) content, percentage of supplementary cementitious materials (fly ash), amount of FRCP, and curing time. The model provided reliable results with mean square error (MSE) and regression values of 0.01 and 0.97, respectively. Additionally, to further validate the model, four experimental recycled self-compacting concrete (RSCC) samples were tested experimentally, and their properties were used as unseen data to the model. ...
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GFRP bars are non noncorrosive reinforcing materials having relatively lower tensile modulus comp... more GFRP bars are non noncorrosive reinforcing materials having relatively lower tensile modulus compared to steel. The design of flexural concrete members reinforced with GFRP bars are usually governed by serviceability limits, deflection, and crack width. This paper describes an experimental study conducted to investigate the deflection behavior of concrete beams reinforced with GFRP bars. The bars came from three different manufacturers. A total of 8 beams measuring 4250 mm long 200 mm wide 400 mm deep were built and tested up to failure under four-point bending. The study’s main parameters were reinforcement type (GFRP and steel) and amount (three reinforcement ratios). The midspan deflection of all the beams tested were recorded and compared. The test results were used to assess the equations in different FRP codes and guidelines.
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In the last two decades advanced composites (Fiber Reinforced Polymers) or FRP materials have gai... more In the last two decades advanced composites (Fiber Reinforced Polymers) or FRP materials have gained worldwide acceptance for structural strengthening. Because of their attractive advantages, FRP materials are very appealing to be used for retrofitting heritage structures. The causes of degradation of historical structures include environmental degradation, displacements such are those from foundation movement, overloading caused mainly by seismic actions. Historical structures are usually lacking the design for lateral loads which makes them in need of retrofitting. Some of the salient features of composite materials include very high tensile strength to weight ratio. The light weight of FRP helps in maintaining the seismic properties of the structure. This review paper highlights the most important items that must be considered when rehabilitating historical structures. In this paper some selected FRP strengthened
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Papers by Bahira Abdulsalam