ObjectiveThere were two primary objectives, namely: (1) to determine the social network types tha... more ObjectiveThere were two primary objectives, namely: (1) to determine the social network types that Canadian adults aged 45 and older belong to and (2) to discover if social network type is associated with nutrition risk scores and the prevalence of high nutrition risk.DesignA retrospective cross-sectional study.SettingData from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA).Participants17 051 Canadians aged 45 years and older with data from baseline and first follow-up of the CLSA.ResultsCLSA participants could be classified into one of seven different social network types that varied from restricted to diverse. We found a statistically significant association between social network type and nutrition risk scores and percentage of individuals at high nutrition risk at both time points. Individuals with restricted social networks had lower nutrition risk scores and are more likely to be at nutrition risk, whereas individuals with diverse social networks had higher nutrition risk sco...
Objective Participation in life situations is a critical aspect of health recognized by the World... more Objective Participation in life situations is a critical aspect of health recognized by the World Health Organization. Guidelines to prevent spreading of COVID-19 place older adults at risk of worsening participation. The purpose of this study was to identify the factors associated with participation during the COVID-19 pandemic among community-dwelling older adults living in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. Methods Participants were recruited from identified census dissemination areas in Hamilton. Participants completed surveys either by phone or online during the months of May to August 2020. Measures were organized into factors related to body functions and structures, activities, participation, as well as personal and environmental contextual factors using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) framework. Multivariable regression analysis was conducted to identify factors associated with participation as measured by the Late-Life Disability Instr...
Objectives: To determine which social network, demographic, and health-indicator variables are as... more Objectives: To determine which social network, demographic, and health-indicator variables are associated with SCREEN-8 (nutrition risk) scores at two time points, three years apart, using data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging. Design: A retrospective cross-sectional study. Setting and participants: 17051 Canadians aged 45 years and older with data from baseline and first follow-up of the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging. Measurements: Nutrition risk was measured using SCREEN-8. Social network factors included social network size, frequency of contact with social network members, social participation, social support, self-rated social standing, and household income. Demographic variables included age, sex assigned at birth, marital status, educational attainment, and living situation (alone or with others). Health-indicator variables included depression, disability, and self-rated general health, mental health, healthy aging, and oral health. Multivariable linear re...
ObjectiveSarcopenic obesity is a key feature in osteoarthritis (OA). While ideal OA treatment inv... more ObjectiveSarcopenic obesity is a key feature in osteoarthritis (OA). While ideal OA treatment involves physical activity and diet, how diet influences OA pathophysiology is unclear. We explored the associations between diet, nutrition risk and physical activity with body composition in older adults with OA.MethodsBaseline data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging data set were analysed. Participants with hip, knee, hand or multiple forms of OA were included in this cross-sectional analysis. Body composition measures (lean, fat and total masses (kg) and body fat percentage) were separate dependent variables. Regression analyses were conducted to explore associations between body composition with dietary intake (high calorie snack, fibre), nutrition risk (SCREEN II) and physical activity (Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly).Results1596 participants were 66.5 (9.0) years old with a body mass index of 28.2 (5.3) kg/m2. Higher fibre cereal intake was associated with higher ...
Malnutrition is a multidomain problem affecting 54% of older adults in long-term care (LTC). Moni... more Malnutrition is a multidomain problem affecting 54% of older adults in long-term care (LTC). Monitoring nutritional intake in LTC is laborious and subjective, limiting clinical inference capabilities. Recent advances in automatic image-based food estimation have not yet been evaluated in LTC settings. Here, we describe a fully automatic imaging system for quantifying food intake. We propose a novel deep convolutional encoder-decoder food network with depth-refinement (EDFN-D) using an RGB-D camera for quantifying a plate’s remaining food volume relative to reference portions in whole and modified texture foods. We trained and validated the network on the pre-labelled UNIMIB2016 food dataset and tested on our two novel LTC-inspired plate datasets (689 plate images, 36 unique foods). EDFN-D performed comparably to depth-refined graph cut on IOU (0.879 vs. 0.887), with intake errors well below typical 50% (mean percent intake error: $$-4.2$$ - 4.2 %). We identify how standard segmentat...
IntroductionThe novel COVID-19 required many countries to impose public health measures that like... more IntroductionThe novel COVID-19 required many countries to impose public health measures that likely impacted the participation and mobility of community-dwelling older adults. This protocol details a multimethod cohort design undertaken to describe short-term and medium-term changes to the mobility and participation of older Canadians living in the community rather than retirement facilities during the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods and analysisA longitudinal telephone (or online)-administered survey is being conducted with a random sample of older adults living within 20 km of McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, identified from census dissemination areas. Baseline data collection of community-dwelling older adults aged 65 years and over began in May 2020 with follow-ups at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months. The Late-Life Function and Disability Instrument and global rating of change anchors are the primary outcomes of interest. A subsample of respondents will participate in open-ended, ...
Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research, 2020
Purpose: To examine health characteristics of long-term care (LTC) residents prescribed therapeut... more Purpose: To examine health characteristics of long-term care (LTC) residents prescribed therapeutic diets (promoting or restricting intake of key food components), to determine how these diets influenced intake and whether there were differences in food intake and malnutrition risk between residents with and without restrictive diets. Methods: Secondary analysis of the Making the Most of Mealtimes Study includes 435 residents with no/mild cognitive impairment in 32 LTC homes across 4 provinces. Health records were reviewed for diet prescriptions and other characteristics. Weighed and observed food and fluid consumption over 3 nonconsecutive days determined intake. Bivariate and multivariable linear regressions identified associations between therapeutic diets and intake and key nutrients. Results: Almost half (42%) of participants were prescribed a therapeutic diet. Residents receiving restrictive diets (28%) consumed absolute calories consistent with those receiving a regular diet,...
Background Older adults living in long-term care (LTC) are nutritionally vulnerable. The purpose ... more Background Older adults living in long-term care (LTC) are nutritionally vulnerable. The purpose of this study was to determine diet quality of Canadian LTC residents and its association with malnutrition and low calf circumference. Methods A cross-sectional study was undertaken in 32 LTC homes across four Canadian provinces. Nutrient adequacy ratios (NARs) were calculated for seventeen nutrients; mean adequacy ratio (MAR) was calculated to describe overall diet quality. Malnutrition risk was assessed with the Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form (MNA-SF) and diagnosis of protein/energy malnutrition with the Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA). Calf circumference (CC) was also assessed. Linear and logistic regressions for these outcomes with diet quality as the predictor were conducted adjusting for covariates. Results Average MNA-SF score was 10.7 ± 2.5. Residents (43.5%) had mild/moderate to severe malnutrition based on the PG-SGA and 32.6% had a CC of < 3...
ObjectiveThere were two primary objectives, namely: (1) to determine the social network types tha... more ObjectiveThere were two primary objectives, namely: (1) to determine the social network types that Canadian adults aged 45 and older belong to and (2) to discover if social network type is associated with nutrition risk scores and the prevalence of high nutrition risk.DesignA retrospective cross-sectional study.SettingData from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA).Participants17 051 Canadians aged 45 years and older with data from baseline and first follow-up of the CLSA.ResultsCLSA participants could be classified into one of seven different social network types that varied from restricted to diverse. We found a statistically significant association between social network type and nutrition risk scores and percentage of individuals at high nutrition risk at both time points. Individuals with restricted social networks had lower nutrition risk scores and are more likely to be at nutrition risk, whereas individuals with diverse social networks had higher nutrition risk sco...
Objective Participation in life situations is a critical aspect of health recognized by the World... more Objective Participation in life situations is a critical aspect of health recognized by the World Health Organization. Guidelines to prevent spreading of COVID-19 place older adults at risk of worsening participation. The purpose of this study was to identify the factors associated with participation during the COVID-19 pandemic among community-dwelling older adults living in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. Methods Participants were recruited from identified census dissemination areas in Hamilton. Participants completed surveys either by phone or online during the months of May to August 2020. Measures were organized into factors related to body functions and structures, activities, participation, as well as personal and environmental contextual factors using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) framework. Multivariable regression analysis was conducted to identify factors associated with participation as measured by the Late-Life Disability Instr...
Objectives: To determine which social network, demographic, and health-indicator variables are as... more Objectives: To determine which social network, demographic, and health-indicator variables are associated with SCREEN-8 (nutrition risk) scores at two time points, three years apart, using data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging. Design: A retrospective cross-sectional study. Setting and participants: 17051 Canadians aged 45 years and older with data from baseline and first follow-up of the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging. Measurements: Nutrition risk was measured using SCREEN-8. Social network factors included social network size, frequency of contact with social network members, social participation, social support, self-rated social standing, and household income. Demographic variables included age, sex assigned at birth, marital status, educational attainment, and living situation (alone or with others). Health-indicator variables included depression, disability, and self-rated general health, mental health, healthy aging, and oral health. Multivariable linear re...
ObjectiveSarcopenic obesity is a key feature in osteoarthritis (OA). While ideal OA treatment inv... more ObjectiveSarcopenic obesity is a key feature in osteoarthritis (OA). While ideal OA treatment involves physical activity and diet, how diet influences OA pathophysiology is unclear. We explored the associations between diet, nutrition risk and physical activity with body composition in older adults with OA.MethodsBaseline data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging data set were analysed. Participants with hip, knee, hand or multiple forms of OA were included in this cross-sectional analysis. Body composition measures (lean, fat and total masses (kg) and body fat percentage) were separate dependent variables. Regression analyses were conducted to explore associations between body composition with dietary intake (high calorie snack, fibre), nutrition risk (SCREEN II) and physical activity (Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly).Results1596 participants were 66.5 (9.0) years old with a body mass index of 28.2 (5.3) kg/m2. Higher fibre cereal intake was associated with higher ...
Malnutrition is a multidomain problem affecting 54% of older adults in long-term care (LTC). Moni... more Malnutrition is a multidomain problem affecting 54% of older adults in long-term care (LTC). Monitoring nutritional intake in LTC is laborious and subjective, limiting clinical inference capabilities. Recent advances in automatic image-based food estimation have not yet been evaluated in LTC settings. Here, we describe a fully automatic imaging system for quantifying food intake. We propose a novel deep convolutional encoder-decoder food network with depth-refinement (EDFN-D) using an RGB-D camera for quantifying a plate’s remaining food volume relative to reference portions in whole and modified texture foods. We trained and validated the network on the pre-labelled UNIMIB2016 food dataset and tested on our two novel LTC-inspired plate datasets (689 plate images, 36 unique foods). EDFN-D performed comparably to depth-refined graph cut on IOU (0.879 vs. 0.887), with intake errors well below typical 50% (mean percent intake error: $$-4.2$$ - 4.2 %). We identify how standard segmentat...
IntroductionThe novel COVID-19 required many countries to impose public health measures that like... more IntroductionThe novel COVID-19 required many countries to impose public health measures that likely impacted the participation and mobility of community-dwelling older adults. This protocol details a multimethod cohort design undertaken to describe short-term and medium-term changes to the mobility and participation of older Canadians living in the community rather than retirement facilities during the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods and analysisA longitudinal telephone (or online)-administered survey is being conducted with a random sample of older adults living within 20 km of McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, identified from census dissemination areas. Baseline data collection of community-dwelling older adults aged 65 years and over began in May 2020 with follow-ups at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months. The Late-Life Function and Disability Instrument and global rating of change anchors are the primary outcomes of interest. A subsample of respondents will participate in open-ended, ...
Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research, 2020
Purpose: To examine health characteristics of long-term care (LTC) residents prescribed therapeut... more Purpose: To examine health characteristics of long-term care (LTC) residents prescribed therapeutic diets (promoting or restricting intake of key food components), to determine how these diets influenced intake and whether there were differences in food intake and malnutrition risk between residents with and without restrictive diets. Methods: Secondary analysis of the Making the Most of Mealtimes Study includes 435 residents with no/mild cognitive impairment in 32 LTC homes across 4 provinces. Health records were reviewed for diet prescriptions and other characteristics. Weighed and observed food and fluid consumption over 3 nonconsecutive days determined intake. Bivariate and multivariable linear regressions identified associations between therapeutic diets and intake and key nutrients. Results: Almost half (42%) of participants were prescribed a therapeutic diet. Residents receiving restrictive diets (28%) consumed absolute calories consistent with those receiving a regular diet,...
Background Older adults living in long-term care (LTC) are nutritionally vulnerable. The purpose ... more Background Older adults living in long-term care (LTC) are nutritionally vulnerable. The purpose of this study was to determine diet quality of Canadian LTC residents and its association with malnutrition and low calf circumference. Methods A cross-sectional study was undertaken in 32 LTC homes across four Canadian provinces. Nutrient adequacy ratios (NARs) were calculated for seventeen nutrients; mean adequacy ratio (MAR) was calculated to describe overall diet quality. Malnutrition risk was assessed with the Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form (MNA-SF) and diagnosis of protein/energy malnutrition with the Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA). Calf circumference (CC) was also assessed. Linear and logistic regressions for these outcomes with diet quality as the predictor were conducted adjusting for covariates. Results Average MNA-SF score was 10.7 ± 2.5. Residents (43.5%) had mild/moderate to severe malnutrition based on the PG-SGA and 32.6% had a CC of < 3...
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