Papers by PROFESSOR DR MUHAMMAD RIDHWAN AB. AZIZ
Advertising is one of marketing tools to promote products and services as well as to increase rep... more Advertising is one of marketing tools to promote products and services as well as to increase reputation and image used by the company. In recent years, there are many ways of advertising to attract customer's attention including through billboard, television, radio, newspapers and latest trends of advertising is through Internet by using social website. It is such the best medium to promote product as these days are people more busy in daily life, hang with the latest gadgets and need advanced information. Advertising became more synonyms with the people as soon as after any product or services being introduced to the public. However, a lot of advertising brings worried by some of people that concerns towardsinappropriate advertising show to the public and seen by all level of ages including children, teenagers, adults and old folks. Because of this concern, the issues raised up in questioning the inappropriate advertising may bring destructive thoughts to the next generation compared from the past (before the existence of Internet) and the present in Malaysia. This article will discuss the growth of Malaysian Advertising Industry and relevant legislation i.e. Advertising Practices Malaysian Code and its applicability to Islamic advertising.
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The objective of this article is to analyze the related literatures on zakat between 2003 until 2... more The objective of this article is to analyze the related literatures on zakat between 2003 until 2013. The methodology of this article is through qualitative research based on content-analysis on previous articles and literatures that specifically discuss about zakat between 2003 until 2013. This study looked at several variables which number of publication by year, subject areas, and a brief content analysis of zakat issues such as management, collection, distribution and poverty alleviation on zakat. This is important in order to examine its prospects for research in the future. The general finding of this article shows that there are a lot of issues pertaining to zakat management, collection, distribution and poverty alleviation program were published for this timeframe. Henceforth, this article provides significant suggestions and strategies for the future exploration on zakat. _____________________________________________________________________________
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Entrepreneurship as a part of Islamic economics and businesses is related with the pursuit of opp... more Entrepreneurship as a part of Islamic economics and businesses is related with the pursuit of opportunity beyond resources controlled. Islam always encourages Muslims to be an innovative and active entrepreneur. Conducting business ethically is an important matter that should be practiced by all entrepreneurs, especially for Muslimpreneurs. Therefore, many Muslimpreneurs become a successful entrepreneurs today. A balanced combination between the elements of the spiritual and physical basis in the formulation of Islamic ethics known as akhlaq or noble characters. The implementation of the ethical values based on the philosophy of tawheed will provide a universal measure of value system that should be followed by every human being. Therefore, the formation of Muslim entrepreneurs ethics is also based on the values of akhlaq. This research aims to analyse the characteristic of Muslimpreneurs from the view of Muslim scholars and academicians. The methodology of this research is through ...
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This study attempts to examine the effectiveness of monthly zakat distribution as a mechanism to ... more This study attempts to examine the effectiveness of monthly zakat distribution as a mechanism to poverty reduction in the state of Kelantan, Malaysia. The target population of this study is the poor and needy zakat recipient of the Kelantan Zakat Department, (MAIK). 481 respondents were randomly selected from Kelantan’s zakat recipient’s list from the poor and needy category for ten districts of Kelantan. In depth interview were used to gather the data. For analysing the data, descriptive statistics were applied. Results indicate that zakat elasticity is about 0.46, suggesting that, holding other variables constant, if the zakat distribution goes up by 1 per cent, the monthly income goes up by 0.46 per cent. Further, the male coefficient is about 0.15, meaning that the male gender receives about 0.15 per cent more income compare to female gender, again holding other variables constant. Thus, zakat distribution is significant in determining the income distribution among this group an...
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SSRN Electronic Journal, 2000
ABSTRACT With the improvement of lifestyle and purchasing power, Malaysians have shifted their sh... more ABSTRACT With the improvement of lifestyle and purchasing power, Malaysians have shifted their shopping preferences from small retail stores to the hypermarkets. One of the reasons is that these hypermarkets offer a complete array of merchandises under one roof. Changes in technology have a great impact on the development of the global economy. The global progression of electronic commerce shows that people are becoming dependent on the Internet for communications and services. The purpose of this research is to evaluate Mydin’s websites. By having a website, it offers Mydin an alternative to disseminate information not only on its company, but also on other promotion, contests, events, corporate social responsibilities activities and other information which is deemed appropriate for it existing and potential customers. In order to do that, Mydin has to recalibrate some of the feature in its websites such as the issue of copyright of the site and also the information on the author or moderator of the website.
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This study attempts to examine the effectiveness of monthly zakat distribution as a mechanism to ... more This study attempts to examine the effectiveness of monthly zakat distribution as a mechanism to poverty reduction in the state of Kelantan, Malaysia. The target population of this study is the poor and needy zakat recipient of the Kelantan Zakat Department, (MAIK). 481 respondents were randomly selected from Kelantan’s zakat recipient’s list from the poor and needy category for ten districts of Kelantan. In depth interview were used to gather the data. For analysing the data, descriptive statistics were applied. Results indicate that zakat elasticity is about 0.46, suggesting that, holding other variables constant, if the zakat distribution goes up by 1 per cent, the monthly income goes up by 0.46 per cent. Further, the male coefficient is about 0.15, meaning that the male gender receives about 0.15 per cent more income compare to female gender, again holding other variables constant. Thus, zakat distribution is significant in determining the income distribution among this group and bringing positive effect towards improving the income distribution of this group. Thus, these statistical measures have proven the positive role of zakat in reducing poverty among the Poor and needy and once again prove our result from previous poverty measures.
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Introduction to Islamic Institutions in Economics and Finance provides a foundation on topics of ... more Introduction to Islamic Institutions in Economics and Finance provides a foundation on topics of institutions in Islam that correlated with Islamic economics, banking, and finance. The book includes a range of topics such as fundamentals of Islamic economics and financial system, Islamic banking and financial institutions, the institutions of takaful, zakat, Baytul Mal, ar-Rahnu, Pilgrims funds and management board, microcredit, waqf as well as the Islamic institution of estate planning for inheritance and wasiyyah. This book tries to introduce the basic concepts and understanding with respect of Islamic financial institutions that able to solve many unresolved issues for Muslim ummah such as the misconception of Muslim society towards the establishment of these Islamic institutions. This book is suitable for college and university students, academician, practitioner and the general public who are interested in obtaining basic concepts pertaining to Islamic institutions in economics and finance.
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AGRICULTURE IN ISLAM: From the Perspective of Economics, Banking and Finance provides a foundatio... more AGRICULTURE IN ISLAM: From the Perspective of Economics, Banking and Finance provides a foundation on topics of agriculture in Islam that correlate with Islamic economics, banking and finance. The book includes a range of topics, such as agribusiness from the Islamic perspective, agriculture as a tool to solve unemployment problem, contracts of agriculture in Fiqh Muamalat, financing facilities in Islamic banks, as well as the validity of Shariah contracts in agriculture financing. This book explores the concepts and opportunities with respect to agriculture and agribusiness financing in Malaysia that are able to address many unresolved issues, such as unemployment and shortage of food. This book is suitable for college and university students, agro entrepreneur and the general public, who are interested in obtaining basic concepts and Islamic financing opportunities in agriculture in Malaysia.
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Celebrating 30 Years of Islamic Banking and Financial Institutions in Malaysia provides current i... more Celebrating 30 Years of Islamic Banking and Financial Institutions in Malaysia provides current issues, success and challenges for Islamic banking and financial institutions in Malaysia. The book includes a range of topics such as history and development of Islamic banking and finance in Malaysia, Islamic banking and finance in Malaysia: strategy and current performance, accounting and reporting for Islamic banks in Malaysia: the way forward, Lembaga Tabung Haji and its development in Malaysia, the global financial crisis: lessons for Islamic finance, post-crisis regulatory environment and implications for Islamic financial services industry, issues in international financial reporting standard in takaful, the development and establishment of ar-Rahnu institutions in Malaysia, is bay’ al-Tawarruq a better alternative? as well as service quality of Malaysian banking system: can one size fits all?. This book is suitable for college and university students, academician, practitioner and the general public who are interested in understanding the development and current success of Islamic banking and financial institutions in Malaysia.
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Islamic Banking and Finance in Malaysia: System, Issues and Challenges provides a foundation on t... more Islamic Banking and Finance in Malaysia: System, Issues and Challenges provides a foundation on topics of Islamic banking and finance in Malaysia. The book includes a range of topics such as Islamic banking system, Shariah law and Shariah review, Islamic legal maxims and Maqasid al-Shariah, riba and time value of money, takaful, muamalat contracts in Islamic banking and finance, products of Islamic banking and finance as well as current issues and future challenges for Islamic banking and finance. This book tries to introduce the basic concepts and understanding with respect of Islamic banking and finance in Malaysia that able to solve many unresolved issues for Muslim ummah such as the misconception of Muslim society in this country towards the aim and operations of this Islamic institution. This book is suitable for college and university students, academician, practitioner and the general public who are interested in obtaining basic concepts pertaining to Islamic banking and finance in Malaysia.
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Waqf Financing for Higher Education: Issues, Challenges and the Way Forward provides fundamental ... more Waqf Financing for Higher Education: Issues, Challenges and the Way Forward provides fundamental understanding on Waqf financing for higher education in order to highlight the current and future challenges to the institution. The book includes a range of topics such as Aplikasi Wakaf Korporat dalam Pembiayaan Pembangunan Institusi Pengajian Tinggi Islam, Waqf Financing for Islamic Higher Education: USIM’s Perspectives, The Receptiveness of Students towards the Establishment of Islamic Waqf Bank, Konsep dan Pembangunan Wakaf di Negeri Sembilan dari Perspektif Majlis Agama Islam Negeri Sembilan, Tinjauan Awal Terhadap Kesediaan Masyarakat Islam Menyumbang Kepada Institusi Bank Wakaf Islam untuk Pembiayaan Pendidikan and Waqf Financing for Higher Education: Hibah Trust as Alternative Options. This book tries to introduce a true picture of Waqf financing in this country and the Muslim world in order to solve many unresolved issues for Muslim ummah such as the misconception of Muslim society towards the aim and operation of this Islamic institution. This book is suitable for college and university students, academician, practitioner and the general public who are interested in obtaining basic concepts pertaining to waqf financing for higher education.
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This book gives an overall insight for those who have interest in the field of Islamic financial ... more This book gives an overall insight for those who have interest in the field of Islamic financial services. This book answers some of the questions that are often asked regarding this field: Are Islamic financial product and services similar to those that are being offered by the conventional financial institutions? How Muslim society can participate extensively in this field? Are Islamic financial product and services provide better alternatives for Muslims to manage their financial needs? This book helps to provide clearer understanding on the issues pertaining Islamic financial product and services. It is suitable as a reference for students, practitioners and those who wanted to learn more on this issues.
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The Principles and Practices of Islamic Banking and Takaful in Malaysia provides principles and p... more The Principles and Practices of Islamic Banking and Takaful in Malaysia provides principles and practices on topics of Islamic banking and takaful in Malaysia. The book includes a range of topics such as Islamic banking in general, source of funds in Islamic banking, financing in Islamic banking, risk management in Islamic banking, takaful in general, products of takaful, regulation and governance of takaful as well as risk management in takaful. This book tries to introduce the basic principles and practices with respect of Islamic banking and takaful in Malaysia that able to solve many unresolved issues for Muslim ummah such as the misconception of Muslim society in this country towards the aim and operations of these Islamic institutions. This book is suitable for college and university students, academician, practitioner and the general public who are interested in obtaining basic principles and practices pertaining to Islamic banking and takaful in Malaysia.
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An effective zakat management in terms of collection and distribution will create a prosperous li... more An effective zakat management in terms of collection and distribution will create a prosperous life for zakat
recipients. However, the current method of zakat distribution in Malaysia which focusing on the visible assistance
form on periodic basis seems cannot solve the poverty issue in the Muslim community. This is due of some
weaknesses in the distribution method that it does not take into account the difference expenditure between rural
and urban areas. To make zakat distribution provides significant impact on the quality of life among the poor and
needy, immediate actions need to be done to ensure that at least their needs are satisfied and adequate. Therefore,
this paper aims to review previous studies based on important factor in setting Zakat Poverty Line (Had Kifayah)
between urban and rural areas. The methodology of this research is thorough review of the pervious literature and
this paper presents the discussion among scholars regarding urban and rural poverty phenomenon. It is found out
that a new method of setting Had Kifayah should be designed based on current requirement and needs besides
considering the future Vision 2020 policy as well as becoming a developed country.
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Zakat is one of the financial resources for an Islamic country to improve their society economy, ... more Zakat is one of the financial resources for an Islamic country to improve their society economy, especially those who in the bottom line. An effective zakat management in terms of collection and distribution will create a prosperous life for the asnaf (zakat recipient). However, the current method of zakat distribution in Malaysia which focusing on the visible assistance form on periodic basis seems cannot solve the poverty issue in the Muslim community. Despite the increasing amount of zakat collection and distribution, the amount of poor and hardcore poor are also continue to increase from year to year. This is due to some weaknesses in the distribution method. The current zakat distribution did not addressed the different needs among household head gender in calculating the Zakat Poverty Line (Had kifayah). Women often have to live with greater social constraints than men do. Legal and cultural restrictions, for example, mean that women have fewer possibilities than men in improving their lives economically by their own efforts. In order for zakat distribution to provide significant impact on the quality of life among the poor and needy, immediate actions need to be done to ensure that at least their needs are satisfied and adequate. The amount of zakat distribution should be re-evaluate due to the current amount is not suitable because of their different needs and consumption patterns between the household head gender. The methodology of this article is based solely on a review of literatures on the topic of poverty among gender and female headships. Therefore, this article aims to review previous studies based on differences of poverty between different gender households head. The general finding of this article shows that a new method of setting Had Kifayah should be designed based on current requirement and needs of household head of different gender.
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Zakat is one of the pillars of Islam that emphasises the socio-economic development. Any discussi... more Zakat is one of the pillars of Islam that emphasises the socio-economic development. Any discussion on zakat in the context of worship cannot be disconnected from the socio-economic factor, especially in aiding the underprivileged. The primary purpose of zakat is to redistribute wealth of the society among the poor. Zakat is not purely welfare-oriented that relies on the contribution of the giver but an obligation that must be carried out to qualified recipients. Therefore, it is pertinent that the management of zakat is made efficient to ensure that the rights of the recipients and the society, in general, will not be put in jeopardy. The question is then raised regarding the type of zakat distribution or programmes pertaining to the asnaf Muallaf. The objective of this article is to explore zakat distribution programmes for sustaining muallaf belief (Tauhid) and thoughts (Iman). The methodology of this article is based on qualitative research through document analysis and interview with zakat officer. This article has revealed that a huge amount had been allocated for the development of asnaf Muallaf. It is conclude that, State Islamic Religious Council needs to continuously improve a comprehensive programmes that focus on sustaining the Muallaf belief (Tauhid) and thoughts (Iman).
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Islamic banking has emerged in recent decades as one of the most important trends in the financia... more Islamic banking has emerged in recent decades as one of the most important trends in the financial world,
side by side with conventional banking. There has always been a demand for financial products and services
offered by banking institutions inclusive of agricultural initiatives. Meanwhile, internet has become a very
powerful tool in disseminating information of a particular banking institution and this phenomenon has
been fully utilized by both conventional and Islamic banks throughout the world. The purpose of this paper
is to compare and analyze website contents and designs of two specific banking institutions that offer
agricultural financing. The methodology employed in this paper is qualitative in nature through examining
the websites of two banking institutions, one using conventional approaches while the other one focuses
on Islamic banking approaches. The finding shows that each banking institution needs to improve their
website contents and designs in order to attract more customers to their websites and give true
information with regard of their products and services. It is further suggested that future researcher tries to
explore more in-depth website contents and designs in terms of products and services provided by the
conventional and Islamic banking institutions in order to increase their market shares.
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Papers by PROFESSOR DR MUHAMMAD RIDHWAN AB. AZIZ
recipients. However, the current method of zakat distribution in Malaysia which focusing on the visible assistance
form on periodic basis seems cannot solve the poverty issue in the Muslim community. This is due of some
weaknesses in the distribution method that it does not take into account the difference expenditure between rural
and urban areas. To make zakat distribution provides significant impact on the quality of life among the poor and
needy, immediate actions need to be done to ensure that at least their needs are satisfied and adequate. Therefore,
this paper aims to review previous studies based on important factor in setting Zakat Poverty Line (Had Kifayah)
between urban and rural areas. The methodology of this research is thorough review of the pervious literature and
this paper presents the discussion among scholars regarding urban and rural poverty phenomenon. It is found out
that a new method of setting Had Kifayah should be designed based on current requirement and needs besides
considering the future Vision 2020 policy as well as becoming a developed country.
side by side with conventional banking. There has always been a demand for financial products and services
offered by banking institutions inclusive of agricultural initiatives. Meanwhile, internet has become a very
powerful tool in disseminating information of a particular banking institution and this phenomenon has
been fully utilized by both conventional and Islamic banks throughout the world. The purpose of this paper
is to compare and analyze website contents and designs of two specific banking institutions that offer
agricultural financing. The methodology employed in this paper is qualitative in nature through examining
the websites of two banking institutions, one using conventional approaches while the other one focuses
on Islamic banking approaches. The finding shows that each banking institution needs to improve their
website contents and designs in order to attract more customers to their websites and give true
information with regard of their products and services. It is further suggested that future researcher tries to
explore more in-depth website contents and designs in terms of products and services provided by the
conventional and Islamic banking institutions in order to increase their market shares.
recipients. However, the current method of zakat distribution in Malaysia which focusing on the visible assistance
form on periodic basis seems cannot solve the poverty issue in the Muslim community. This is due of some
weaknesses in the distribution method that it does not take into account the difference expenditure between rural
and urban areas. To make zakat distribution provides significant impact on the quality of life among the poor and
needy, immediate actions need to be done to ensure that at least their needs are satisfied and adequate. Therefore,
this paper aims to review previous studies based on important factor in setting Zakat Poverty Line (Had Kifayah)
between urban and rural areas. The methodology of this research is thorough review of the pervious literature and
this paper presents the discussion among scholars regarding urban and rural poverty phenomenon. It is found out
that a new method of setting Had Kifayah should be designed based on current requirement and needs besides
considering the future Vision 2020 policy as well as becoming a developed country.
side by side with conventional banking. There has always been a demand for financial products and services
offered by banking institutions inclusive of agricultural initiatives. Meanwhile, internet has become a very
powerful tool in disseminating information of a particular banking institution and this phenomenon has
been fully utilized by both conventional and Islamic banks throughout the world. The purpose of this paper
is to compare and analyze website contents and designs of two specific banking institutions that offer
agricultural financing. The methodology employed in this paper is qualitative in nature through examining
the websites of two banking institutions, one using conventional approaches while the other one focuses
on Islamic banking approaches. The finding shows that each banking institution needs to improve their
website contents and designs in order to attract more customers to their websites and give true
information with regard of their products and services. It is further suggested that future researcher tries to
explore more in-depth website contents and designs in terms of products and services provided by the
conventional and Islamic banking institutions in order to increase their market shares.