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Roberto  Theron
  • Ciencia de la Computación e Inteligencia Artificial

    Departamento de Informática y Automática

    Facultad de Ciencias

    Universidad de Salamanca

    Plaza de la Merced, s/n

    37008, Salamanca, Spain
  • +34 923 294400 (Ext:1302)
This book is the result of a community effort of the partners of the VisMaster Coordinated Action funded by the European Union. The overarching aim of VisMaster was to create a research roadmap that outlines the current state of visual... more
This book is the result of a community effort of the partners of the VisMaster Coordinated Action funded by the European Union. The overarching aim of VisMaster was to create a research roadmap that outlines the current state of visual analytics across many disciplines, and to describe the next steps that have to be taken to foster a strong visual analytics community, thus enabling the development of advanced visual analytic applications.

The primary sources for this book are the final reports of the thematic working groups set up by the consortium. Each group focused on a particular aspect of visual analytics and brought together interested parties from a wide range of disciplines to collaborate on this task. The main authors of each chapter are given on each page, however there were contributions from many of the full, secondary and community partners as well as helpful comments and suggestions from external reviewers.

The first chapter introduces the problem space in terms of making sense of very large, complex datasets and outlines the vision for visual analytics. The second chapter looks at some application areas for visual analytics and then defines visual analytics in terms of the knowledge discovery process and considers the many scientific disciplines that contribute towards visual analytics. Chapters 3 to 8 present the work of the specialised working groups within the VisMaster consortium. Each of these chapters starts by giving an outline of the problem area and some relevant background information. An overview of the state of the art in the particular domain is then presented, with reference to visual analytics; challenges and opportunities are then identified; and finally, suggestions that are pertinent to the subject of the chapter, are put forward for discussion. The higher-level recommendations for the direction for future research in visual analytics, as put forward by every chapter authors are collectively summarised and categorised in the final chapter.
El análisis de datos ha recurrido a la representación visual para encontrar u ofrecer explicaciones desde sus orígenes. Las capacidades de almacenamiento y procesamiento no han parado de crecer gracias al avance de la computación.... more
El análisis de datos ha recurrido a la representación visual para encontrar u ofrecer explicaciones desde sus orígenes. Las capacidades de almacenamiento y procesamiento no han parado de crecer gracias al avance de la computación. Paralelamente, gracias a una democratización tecnológica, las contribuciones artísticas en la visualización de datos se han multiplicado, aportando nuevas formas creativas y planteamientos diferentes a los propios de la ciencia. Este artículo analiza las influencias recíprocas entre las artes y las ciencias en torno a las visualizaciones de datos. Se traza una visión panorámica de la Visualización de Datos mediante un análisis de la dedicación en las diversas disciplinas a este tema de estudio recogido en las principales bases de datos bibliográficas, así como de la creciente comunidad de práctica que acoge en la actualidad a científicos, diseñadores, artistas y otros perfiles profesionales. A través de una serie de ejemplos históricos que van desde la prehistoria hasta la actualidad, se ponen de manifiesto diversas líneas de influencia en las que arte y ciencia han propiciado avances en la comunicación de fenómenos o el planteamiento de preguntas a partir de los datos. Finalmente, se ofrecen unas reflexiones sobre los retos que afronta la Visualización de Datos y las oportunidades que de ellos se derivan.
Memoria ID-0006. Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2017-2018
A Web-oriented Reactive Visualization Architecture For Data-driven Research In Digital Humanities
Unlocking Cultural Conceptualisation in Indigenous Language Resources : Collaborative Computing Methodologies
Evolutionary visual software analytics is a specialization of visual analytics. It is aimed at supporting software maintenance processes by aiding the understanding and comprehension of software evolution with the active participation of... more
Evolutionary visual software analytics is a specialization of visual analytics. It is aimed at supporting software maintenance processes by aiding the understanding and comprehension of software evolution with the active participation of users. Therefore, it deals with the analysis of software projects that have been under development and maintenance for several years and which are usually formed by thousands of software artifacts, which are also associated to logs from communications, defect-tracking and software configuration management systems. Accordingly, evolutionary visual software analytics aims to assist software developers and software project managers by means of an integral approach that takes into account knowledge extraction techniques as well as visual representations that make use of interaction techniques and linked views. Consequently, this paper discusses the implementation of an architecture based on the evolutionary visual software analytics process and how it s...
Usability is generally regarded as ensuring that software products are effective and efficient to use from the user's perspective. Diverse aspects that ensure the usability of a software product should be assessed during the different... more
Usability is generally regarded as ensuring that software products are effective and efficient to use from the user's perspective. Diverse aspects that ensure the usability of a software product should be assessed during the different phases in its life cycle. The goal of usability testing is to evaluate whether or not a tool that is being developed will be usable by the end user in order to achieve the tasks for which it is being designed. This paper is targeted at describing the evaluation and the usability of OWL-VisMod, a visual modelling tool for OWL ontologies, from the point of view of the human-computer interaction. This evaluation is based on a user-centred approach and the use of questionnaires. The whole usability evaluation process is described and the results are discussed.
This paper explains how was planned, designed and implemented a software architecture that helps the support of eLearning activities within a virtual laboratory inside the Second Life Virtual World. It delves into the problems related to... more
This paper explains how was planned, designed and implemented a software architecture that helps the support of eLearning activities within a virtual laboratory inside the Second Life Virtual World. It delves into the problems related to this kind of systems and architectures and what are the possible benefits they could provide to eLearning processes. The paper shows how are applied the software engineering principles and procedures in order to solve problems like data gathering from Virtual Worlds, data analytics of information related to interaction between an user and a 3D environment, and how them can be applied to enhance the students' learning process and teachers' assessment of this learning process. Also the paper shows the software product resulting of this engineering process, as well as the outcomes from the application of the reached solution in a real context during two courses involving postgraduate students and subjects of Pharmacy and Quality Assurance. To e...
Memoria ID-0281. Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovacion docente, curso 2014-2015.
This paper aims to propose some new metrics to measure relationships among classes in an ontology. Relationships among classes in an OWL ontology are given by the object properties that are defined as a binary relation between classes in... more
This paper aims to propose some new metrics to measure relationships among classes in an ontology. Relationships among classes in an OWL ontology are given by the object properties that are defined as a binary relation between classes in the domain with classes in the range. Our proposal is based on the coupling metric defined in the software engineering field adapted to an ontology needs. We have implemented and tested our metrics with real ontologies and the results are analysed and discussed.
Acceso de usuarios registrados. Acceso de usuarios registrados Usuario Contraseña. ...
Abstract. ViMoodle is a visual analytical tool, whose main function is to support e-learning platforms, in this specific case Moodle [6]. It can be used to analyze, compare and search the contents of the platform both for the user... more
Abstract. ViMoodle is a visual analytical tool, whose main function is to support e-learning platforms, in this specific case Moodle [6]. It can be used to analyze, compare and search the contents of the platform both for the user (student), for the tutor, teacher and / or administrator. ... The use of highly interactive visual tools can provide the benefit of understanding the educational process recorded in the database associated to the current e-learning systems. This is the path followed by ViMoodle. ... Palabras clave : e-Learning, Moodle, ...
The literature in educational research has established that monitoring student learning is a crucial component of high quality education. When instructors and students are not in a face-to-face traditional environment, new forms of... more
The literature in educational research has established that monitoring student learning is a crucial component of high quality education. When instructors and students are not in a face-to-face traditional environment, new forms of student monitoring must be ...
Many online communities use TagClouds, an aesthetic and easy to understand visualization, to represent popular tags collaboratively generated by their users. However, due to the free nature of tagging, such collaborative tags have... more
Many online communities use TagClouds, an aesthetic and easy to understand visualization, to represent popular tags collaboratively generated by their users. However, due to the free nature of tagging, such collaborative tags have linguistic problems and limitations, such as high semantic density. Moreover, the alphabetical order of TagClouds poorly supports a hierarchical exploration among tags. This paper presents an exploration to support semantic understanding of collaborative tags beyond TagClouds. Based on the results of the authors’ survey of practical usages of collaborative tags, they developed a visualization named TagClusters, in which tags are clustered into different groups, with font size representing tag popularity and the spatial distance indicating the semantic similarity between tags. The subgroups in each group and the overlap between groups are highlighted, illustrating the underlying hierarchical structure and semantic relations between groups. The authors condu...
Memoria ID12-0086. Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovacion docente, curso 2012-2013.
This version of BicOverlapper integrates biclustering analysis of microarrays and requests for gene information, by means of the statistical package R and Bio-Conductor. Therefore, in order to load and analyze gene expression matrices, R... more
This version of BicOverlapper integrates biclustering analysis of microarrays and requests for gene information, by means of the statistical package R and Bio-Conductor. Therefore, in order to load and analyze gene expression matrices, R 2.8 or higher must be installed, with the following requirements:
— HESPERIA is an information system for helping in the collaborative research of a multidisciplinary group in the paleoclimatology field. While there exist international databases and information systems that provide long term storage of... more
— HESPERIA is an information system for helping in the collaborative research of a multidisciplinary group in the paleoclimatology field. While there exist international databases and information systems that provide long term storage of georeferenced data, they cannot be used during the research stage, since they are limited to published data. The system is designed to manage a collaborative project, keeping track of the shared seabed samples, providing visual analysis and giving the possibility of using partial results. The basic technical structure corresponds to a three tiered client/server architecture that assures scalability and eases long-term maintenance requirements.
As a symptom of evolution, human beings are always trying to better understand current and past events so as to be able to foresee future situations. In order to do that the development of new tools and/or methods is a must. Currently,... more
As a symptom of evolution, human beings are always trying to better understand current and past events so as to be able to foresee future situations. In order to do that the development of new tools and/or methods is a must. Currently, the Modern Analog Technique (MAT) is one of the most used techniques in paleoceanography and it is applied for the quantitative reconstruction of environmental conditions of the past. Here we propose a new tool, PaleoAnalogs, a method that combines the MAT technique with an interactive analysis to produce faster and more accurate down core reconstructions of (i.e.) sea surface temperature. The tool is tested here using planktonic foraminifers from Pleistocene sediments in the Mediterranean sea, where a well-build data-base is available. PaleoAnalogs is programmed with flexibility in order to enable the use of this technique for different micropaleontological groups and it is available for any operating system.
Este trabajo ha sido parcialmente financiado por el Gobierno Espanol-MINECO (Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad) y fondos FEDER, a traves del proyecto TIN2014-60346-R
In the context of the Web, an ontology provides a shared insight of a certain domain. It basically represents a knowledge base with interrelated concepts called classes. Relationships among classes in an OWL ontology are given by the... more
In the context of the Web, an ontology provides a shared insight of a certain domain. It basically represents a knowledge base with interrelated concepts called classes. Relationships among classes in an OWL ontology are given by the object properties that are defined as a binary relation between classes in the domain with classes in the range. From a semantic perspective of the knowledge base, these relationships can be described as semantic coupling among concepts. Most of the tools use directed graphs or UML-based visualisations for representing them, but these techniques fail with scalability. In this paper we propose a pair of visualisations from a visual modelling tool focused on visualising the semantic coupling among classes in OWL
Visual learning analytics is an emerging research field in the intersection of visual analytics and learning analytics that is suited to address the many challenges that big data brings to the education domain. Although recent research... more
Visual learning analytics is an emerging research field in the intersection of visual analytics and learning analytics that is suited to address the many challenges that big data brings to the education domain. Although recent research endeavours have approached the analysis of educational processes through visual analytics, the theoretical foundations of both fields have remained mainly within their boundaries. This chapter aims at mitigating this problem by describing a reference model for visual learning analytics that can guide the design and development of successful systems. A discussion of data, methods, users and objectives’ implications within the frame of the reference model highlights why visual learning analytics is regarded as a particularly promising technology to improve educational processes.
Nowadays, a consequence of data overload is that world's technology capacity to collect, communicate, and store large volumes of data is increasing faster than human analysis skills. Such an issue has motivated the development of... more
Nowadays, a consequence of data overload is that world's technology capacity to collect, communicate, and store large volumes of data is increasing faster than human analysis skills. Such an issue has motivated the development of graphic ways to visually represent and analyze high-dimensional data. Particularly, in this work, we propose a graphical interface that allow the combination of dimensionality reduction (DR) methods using a chromatic model to make data visualization more intelligible for humans. This interface is designed for an easy and interactive use, so that input parameters are given by the user via the selection of RGB values inside a given surface. Proposed interface enables (even non-expert) users to intuitively either select a concrete DR method or carry out a mixture of methods. Experimental results proves the usability of our interface making the selection or configuration of a DR-based visualization an intuitive and interactive task for the user.
Muchos investigadores han tratado anteriormente con la alfabetización visual en los usuarios de nuevas tecnologías donde se utilizan imágenes. El objetivo de esta investigación es presentar una revisión sistemática de la literatura para... more
Muchos investigadores han tratado anteriormente con la alfabetización visual en los usuarios de nuevas tecnologías donde se utilizan imágenes. El objetivo de esta investigación es presentar una revisión sistemática de la literatura para identificar, analizar y clasificar los enfoques publicados y así encontrar, respaldar o mejorar las investigaciones que se realizan desde la perspectiva de las nuevas tecnologías. Como resultado, este estudio identifica 39 artículos en los que relacionan la alfabetización con las nuevas tecnologías o las imágenes en redes sociales. Se localizan varios enfoques principales donde se relacionan los nuevos medios con alfabetización visual: en educación, en tecnologías de la información y comunicación, en arte y diseño, comunicación, psicología, demografía, aspectos profesionales o ciencias de la información. Pero estos enfoques carecen de estandarización y son principalmente soluciones para cada uno de los hechos concretos presentados. El principal campo...
Grupos de Investigacion GRIAL, Grupo de Investigacion LITI, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid “Diseno y desarrollo de MOOC universitarios” (Ref. PT1415-05000), Vicerrectorado de Politica Academica de la Universidad de Salamanca (proyecto... more
Grupos de Investigacion GRIAL, Grupo de Investigacion LITI, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid “Diseno y desarrollo de MOOC universitarios” (Ref. PT1415-05000), Vicerrectorado de Politica Academica de la Universidad de Salamanca (proyecto de Innovacion Docente ID2014/0281)
Este artículo presenta el proceso de investigación asociado al análisis de datos basado en Mundos Virtuales Educativos. Este análisis busca facilitar la comprensión a docentes y responsables de estos Mundos Virtuales sobre el uso y... more
Este artículo presenta el proceso de investigación asociado al análisis de datos basado en Mundos Virtuales Educativos. Este análisis busca facilitar la comprensión a docentes y responsables de estos Mundos Virtuales sobre el uso y aprovechamiento de estas plataformas educativas por parte de los estudiantes, así como poder evaluar la utilidad o adecuación de estos sistemas en el proceso educativo que se haya diseñado. En este artículo se incluyen diversos aspectos del análisis como los referentes a los procesos de recolección de información, objetivos de análisis que pueden plantearse, y un conjunto de propuestas de posibles soluciones para comprender el conocimiento extraído en estos procesos.
Current technologies used in learning processes imply the logging of all the performed activities. These data can be exploited to gain insight into the learning process and can be used for the assessment of students, professors and the... more
Current technologies used in learning processes imply the logging of all the performed activities. These data can be exploited to gain insight into the learning process and can be used for the assessment of students, professors and the processes themselves. However, although this wealth of data exists, it is still difficult for the teachers (and interested stakeholders) to verify hypothesis, extract conclusions, or make decisions based on discovered facts or situations. This paper introduces an educational data analysis model based on visual analytics, learning analytics and academic analytics, by means of a software tool that allows performing confirmatory and exploratory data analysis through the interacting with the gathered information from a typical Learning Management System. The main goal thus is to define a model which enable the discovery of knowledge on the specific learning process that, in turn, will permit to improve it.
In this paper we discuss the goals, motivations and other particularities of a visual exploratory analysis tool for historical dictionaries of the Bavarian dialects in Austria. As an input data set we employ the digitized version of the... more
In this paper we discuss the goals, motivations and other particularities of a visual exploratory analysis tool for historical dictionaries of the Bavarian dialects in Austria. As an input data set we employ the digitized version of the Historical Dictionary of Bavarian Dialects in Austria (Wörterbuch der bairischen Mundarten in Österreich or WBÖ), an initiative started in 1963 which compiles more than five million paper slips collected during the years 1911-1998 in different areas of current Austria, the Czech Republic, Hungary and northern Italy. In the 1990s these paper slips started to be progressively digitized, becoming part of the Database of Bavarian Dialects (DBÖ) and in 2010 nearly 32.000 records related to plant names were made available online on the DBÖ electronically-mapped (dbo@ema) platform1. In more recent efforts, the project exploreAT!: Exploring Austria’s Culture Through the Language Glass, which this work is part of, started in 2015. Its aim is “to reveal unique...
In This paper we discuses the problem of visualizing video search results in YouTube (36) from three approaches: (1) The adaptation of a visualization technique to give an overview of recovered videos and help users to recognize the... more
In This paper we discuses the problem of visualizing video search results in YouTube (36) from three approaches: (1) The adaptation of a visualization technique to give an overview of recovered videos and help users to recognize the relationships, patterns and trends among videos; (2) Use a graph­based technique for exploratory video search using the relations among labels and other related videos; (3) The implementation of video preview techniques, which provides information about the visual content. We implemented ViRe­YouTube, a system to video search that replace the traditional interaction with an interaction style similar to exploration. In this kind of interaction, the organization and presentation of results help users to analyze retrieved videos and make a better choice for the video they want to playback.
El presente trabajo se ha realizado dentro del Programa de Doctorado en Formacion en la Sociedad del Conocimiento de la Universidad de Salamanca http://knowledgesociety.usal.es
Data are crucial to improve decision-making and obtain greater benefits in any type of activity. However, the large amount of information generated by new technologies has made data analysis and knowledge generation a complex task.... more
Data are crucial to improve decision-making and obtain greater benefits in any type of activity. However, the large amount of information generated by new technologies has made data analysis and knowledge generation a complex task. Numerous tools have emerged to facilitate this generation of knowledge, such as dashboards. Although dashboards are useful tools, their effectiveness can be affected by poor design or by not taking into account the context in which they are placed. Therefore, it is necessary to design and create custom dashboards according to the audience and data domain. This paper presents an application of the software product line paradigm and the integration of this approach into a web service to allow users to request source code for customized information dashboards. The main goal is to introduce the idea of creating a holistic ecosystem of different services to craft and integrate information visualizations in a variety of contexts. One of the contexts that can be...
In this paper, we present Pilaster (https://visusal.github.io/pilaster/), a collection of citation metadata extracted from publications in visualization for the digital humanities. The collection is generated from a seed set of relevant... more
In this paper, we present Pilaster (https://visusal.github.io/pilaster/), a collection of citation metadata extracted from publications in visualization for the digital humanities. The collection is generated from a seed set of relevant publications from which we extracted cited works, including journal and conference papers, books, theses, or blog posts, among other resources. The main aim of this work revolves around three main points: first, the collection may serve as an entry point to the discipline for digital humanists and visualization scholars without previous experience in the field. Second, Pilaster can be regarded as a meeting point for more established visualization or humanities scholars seeking to collaborate in the development of novel research ideas and related visualization design studies in the context of the humanities. Third, and given the large amount of visualization design spaces that were captured, we believe the dataset has the potential to become the start...
Investigaciones recientes han confirmado el impacto del uso de los medios electrónicos en los resultados de los estudiantes. Además en anteriores trabajos se ha estudiado la relación existente entre del acceso a la lectura y publicación... more
Investigaciones recientes han confirmado el impacto del uso de los medios electrónicos en los resultados de los estudiantes. Además en anteriores trabajos se ha estudiado la relación existente entre del acceso a la lectura y publicación en un foro y el acceso a la lectura de los recursos con el desempeño de los estudiantes, sin embargo, poco se sabe de la relación de la periodicidad temporal de estas actividades con los resultados de los alumnos. Además algunos estudios han realizado diferentes categorizaciones de las actividades de los estudiantes demostrando su utilidad en la predicción y entendimiento del aprendizaje del alumno. En este estudio se ha implementado una visualización para encontrar estos aspectos mediante técnicas de analítica visual. Los resultados de este estudio mostraron que no sólo la participación en foros de discusión, como la lectura o la publicación, sino también el acceso a la lectura de los recursos, y la periodicidad con que estas actividades se realizan...
There are software solutions to solve most of the problems related to information management in any company or institutions, but still, there is a problem for transforming information into knowledge. Technological ecosystems emerge as a... more
There are software solutions to solve most of the problems related to information management in any company or institutions, but still, there is a problem for transforming information into knowledge. Technological ecosystems emerge as a solution to combine existing tools and human resources to solve different problems of knowledge management. In particular, when the ecosystem is focused on learning processes associated with knowledge are named learning ecosystems. The learning ecosystem metamodel defined in previous works solves several problems related to the definition and implementation of these solutions. However, there are still challenges associated with improving the analysis and visualization of information as a way to discover knowledge and support decision making processes. On the other hand, there is a metamodel proposal to define customized dashboards for supporting decision-making processes. This proposal aims to integrate both metamodels as a way to improve the definition of learning ecosystems.

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Bioinformatics is a large research area plenty of vast data collections to analyze. Gene expression analysis from microarray data is a relevant example. The huge amount of data involved in a microarray, including the high dimension of... more
Bioinformatics is a large research area plenty of vast data
collections to analyze. Gene expression analysis from microarray data  is a relevant example. The huge amount of data involved in a microarray, including the high dimension of the microarray data matrix itself but also the additional existing relevant knowledge demands the use of the full cognitive capabilities of the analyst, such as abstraction and visual perception. The current and wide use of non-supervised
data mining techniques makes the contribution of human’s
expertise unavoidable because such techniques add new data, usually in the form of groups. That is the case of biclustering algorithms, a powerful numeric method that lacks satisfactory visualization techniques for the representation of bicluster groups. In this talk, I will explain how interactive visualization can be used in order to facilitate analytical insight and provide ways for better explore, analyze, and understand problems that appear in the bioinformatics
field. Finally, I will present our research on the development of novel visualization techniques and the integration of several sources of data for the interactive analysis of gene expression experiments.
Data Visualization has emerged in the recent years as a discipline that provides tools and techniques to facilitate the analytical reasoning process through the creation of software that maximizes human capacity to perceive, understand,... more
Data Visualization has emerged in the recent years as a discipline that provides tools and techniques to facilitate the analytical reasoning process through the creation of software that maximizes human capacity to perceive, understand, and reason about complex and dynamic data and situations. Several academic and government efforts have been launched worldwide to promote the awareness and use of Visual Analytics. Furthermore, making standardized data
openly available has been pointed out as imperative, raising the question of how the responsibilities should be divided between governments and the private sector. Although Data
Visualization is set to play a key role in the pursuit of satisfying the social need of seamless access to and understanding of the contemporary information flood, most of the current
advanced visualization tools are regarded as simply too complex and not suited to foster the anticipated social change. An increasing number of freelance individuals, that make use of the
aesthetic appeal to convey a plethora of social messages of varying nature, are covering this gap.
In this talk I will present several data visualization examples and lessons learned, both from the open and the proprietary software perspectives.