Bulletin of Pure and Applied Sciences - Zoology, 2021
One of the most significant inputs in an aquaponic system is fish feed. Here, two satiation feedi... more One of the most significant inputs in an aquaponic system is fish feed. Here, two satiation feeding (SF) levels (60% & 50%) have been tested. It aims to determine its effect on the water quality and the growth, hematological indices, and blood chemistry of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus reared in nutrient film technique aquaponic system (NFTAS) containing upland kangkong Ipomea reptans within 1 month period and compared it in the recirculating system (RS). Results showed that the SF levels have an insignificant effect on the water quality between the systems mainly due to the nonoptimal pH level that influenced the nitrification efficiency and the inefficient uptake of nutrients by the plants in NFTAS. Consequently, the growth, hematological parameters, and blood chemistry of the fish reared in NFTAS have not improved compared with those in RS. However, the fish and the plant growth performance were better at 60% SF in both systems. Thus, 60% is suggested SF level when 200 individuals Nile tilapia O. niloticus tilapia fingerling (2.46 g, average initial weight) are reared within 31 days in a healthy and balanced NFTAS with 50 individuals upland kangkong I. reptans.
Liguasan Marsh is the largest swamp and marsh area in south-central Mindanao and supports various... more Liguasan Marsh is the largest swamp and marsh area in south-central Mindanao and supports various fishery resources. This study examined the gut content of 8 common freshwater fishes in the Liguasan marsh to clarify their feeding habits. The eight species belong to seven families: Gobiidae, Cyprinidae, Anabantidae, Osphronemidae, Clariidae, Channidae, Cichlidae. Gut content analysis based on laboratory results showed that the fish comprised five feeding guilds (algae, fish, crustaceans, detritus, and mollusks). Of these, algal feeders were most abundantly represented. On the other hand, detritus and mollusk feeders were represented by only one species.
Bulletin of Pure and Applied Sciences-Zoology, 2021
The hatching of fairy shrimp Branchinella thailandensisfrom Thailand was studied. The fairy ... more The hatching of fairy shrimp Branchinella thailandensisfrom Thailand was studied. The fairy shrimp cysts were subjected to different temperature regimes [ambient (26-29oC), 30°C, 32°C, and 34°C] and examined the experimental condition's effect on hatching until no hatching occurred. Results indicated that temperature affects the hatching of the Thai fairy shrimp B. thailandensiscysts. The hatching of the fairy shrimp could occur once at 34oC and can be stimulated at 32oC, but fluctuating temperatures (26-29oC) and 30oC may reduce hatching success. However, the incubation period took longer, and hatching success was extremely low, suspected of improper cysts production technique and processing. In conclusion, the hatching of fairy shrimp B. thailandensiscan be improved at 34oC but optimal at 32oC.
The importation of exotic aquatic species for aquaculture has become a worldwide practice. Cultur... more The importation of exotic aquatic species for aquaculture has become a worldwide practice. Culturing the Pacific whiteleg shrimp, Penaeus vannamei, outside its natural geographic range, however, can cause many problems. We evaluated the implications of the aquacultural introduction of P. vannamei to the Philippines waters both on ecological and social aspects. Several questions were answered and discussed based on literature, scientific details, reflections on personal experience and their relevance to aquaculture of the P. vannamei in the Philippines to evaluate the ecological impacts while social impacts were discussed only based on literature. Findings revealed the escapes of P. vannamei from aquaculture production facilities of several countries including the Philippines. Consequently, the ability of P. vannamei escapees to survive the natural environment could lead to ecological concerns such as resource competition, reproduction, and the spread of disease in the wild. On the other hand, the recent expansion of shrimp culture has resulted in social conflicts with other resource users. Therefore, this review shows the negative implications on the aquacultural introduction of Pacific whiteleg shrimp P. vannamei in the Philippines both ecological and social aspect, and this heightens important management issues to ensure sustainable farming of the shrimp in the Philippines.
IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science (IOSR-JAVS), 2019
The study evaluated the effect of different SL (100%, 80% & 60%) on the growth and survival of Ni... more The study evaluated the effect of different SL (100%, 80% & 60%) on the growth and survival of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) under continuous illumination using indoor recirculating system. Statistical analysis showed no significant difference (ANOVA, p>0.05) existed on growth and survival of the fish after the experiment. Apparently, growth performance indicators (FABW, WG, SGR) of the fish slightly improved as the SL or FI increases. However, the survival of the fish was negatively affected because as the SL increases, the survival of the fish declines, and mortality rate increases. Results indicated that the insignificant growth of the fish is a consequence of increased physical activity under continuous illumination and the higher the SL, the more prone the fish to stress thereby negatively affecting fish survival. In conclusion, slightly improved growth could be obtained using higher SL (100%) but greater survival could be attained using low SL (60%) under continuous illumination.
The present utility model generally relates to the process of on-site nursery rearing of transpor... more The present utility model generally relates to the process of on-site nursery rearing of transported green mussel spats (Perna viridis) reared in the hatchery, which process involves: preparation of a netted nursery box; distribution of green mussel spats to a basin after transportation to site: gradual addition of site water to the basin; addition of aeration to the basin; continuous addition of site water to the basin until full; overnight observation of the green mussel spats; hanging of the attached spats inside the box; deployment of the box to the nursery site; monitoring and cleaning of the box and spats twice a week; and harvest of the green mussel spats after a month of acclimation and nursery.
IAMURE International Journal of Ecology and Conservation, 2018
Products from mussel are generally considered “high-value,” and unfulfilled demand in the domesti... more Products from mussel are generally considered “high-value,” and unfulfilled demand in the domestics and international markets exists for this species. However, mussel produce in the Philippines is sometimes not safe for human consumption. The conduct of this study is to evaluate large bodies of waters with huge potentials for culturing safe and high-value mussels. Four coastal towns referred to as station were assessed: Aparri, Buguey, Gonzaga, and Santa Ana Cagayan. Stations were monitored in- situ for physicochemical parameters using HI 9828 Hannah Multiparameter. Water sample of one liter per site was sent to the Department of Science and Technology Regional Testing Laboratory, Tuguegarao City for microbiological, heavy metal and total suspended solids analysis for one year period. A physicochemical recording was encoded using Microsoft Excel, and data analysis were done using SPSS v 20. Ten sites are moderately capable and suitable for mussel farming (based on modified assessment table of Soon & Ransangan (2014): (1) six in Aparri Cagayan River Estuary, (2) one in Caroan Gonzaga, (3) one in Buguey, (4) two in Sta. Ana. Lead, Cadmium and Iron concentration were less than (< 80 mg/l total suspended solids and > 8.0 total coliform count. Water parameters fluctuate heavily on ACRE unlike minimal fluctuations on other three stations. Mussel culture in Cagayan is feasible with weather considerations.
IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science (IOSR-JAVS), 2019
The study evaluated the effect of different SL (100%, 80% & 60%) on the growth and survival of Ni... more The study evaluated the effect of different SL (100%, 80% & 60%) on the growth and survival of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) under continuous illumination using indoor recirculating system. Statistical analysis showed no significant difference (ANOVA, p>0.05) existed on growth and survival of the fish after the experiment. Apparently, growth performance indicators (FABW, WG, SGR) of the fish slightly improved as the SL or FI increases. However, the survival of the fish was negatively affected because as the SL increases, the survival of the fish declines, and mortality rate increases. Results indicated that the insignificant growth of the fish is a consequence of increased physical activity under continuous illumination and the higher the SL, the more prone the fish to stress thereby negatively affecting fish survival. In conclusion, slightly improved growth could be obtained using higher SL (100%) but greater survival could be attained using low SL (60%) under continuous illumination.
The importation of exotic aquatic species for aquaculture has become a worldwide practice. Cultur... more The importation of exotic aquatic species for aquaculture has become a worldwide practice. Culturing the Pacific whiteleg shrimp, Penaeus vannamei, outside its natural geographic range, however, can cause many problems. We evaluated the implications of the aquacultural introduction of P. vannamei to the Philippines waters both on ecological and social aspects. Several questions were answered and discussed based on literature, scientific details, reflections on personal experience and their relevance to aquaculture of the P. vannamei in the Philippines to evaluate the ecological impacts while social impacts were discussed only based on literature. Findings revealed the escapes of P. vannamei from aquaculture production facilities of several countries including the Philippines. Consequently, the ability of P. vannamei escapees to survive the natural environment could lead to ecological concerns such as resource competition, reproduction, and the spread of disease in the wild. On the other hand, the recent expansion of shrimp culture has resulted in social conflicts with other resource users. Therefore, this review shows the negative implications on the aquacultural introduction of Pacific whiteleg shrimp P. vannamei in the Philippines both ecological and social aspect, and this heightens important management issues to ensure sustainable farming of the shrimp in the Philippines.
The green mussel Perna viridis, locally known as tahong, is one of the species commercially farme... more The green mussel Perna viridis, locally known as tahong, is one of the species commercially farmed in estuarine and marine areas in the Philippines due to its least cost in production and its ability to grow fast. This research presents the feasibility of transplanting P. viridis in Cagayan Valley especially in Buguey Lagoon using longline method. Transplanted P. viridis, from UPV hatchery to Buguey Lagoon (Caroan, Gonzaga), grew by about 42 mm in SL and 21 mm in SW by the span of six months from initial size of 11.25 ± 2.20 mm SL and 6.18 ± 1.06 mm SW. Growth in SL and SW of P. viridis was 0.23 mm day-1 and 0.12 mm day-1, respectively. Highest SGR was observed on the month of May (0.54 ± 0.05 mm SL, 0.30 ± 0.02 mm SW) and lowest SGR was recorded on Month of June (0.02 ± 0.04 mm SL, 0.01 ± 0.03 mm SW). Minimal fluctuations in other water parameters was observed throughout the culture period. Lowest salinity on month of June was significantly different on other months. Site suitability of the Buguey Lagoon, Cagayan has a reasonable environmental requirement to provide for the P. viridis culture. Further studies must be conducted in order to supplement the feasibility of P. viridis culture in Cagayan.
The present study compared the effects of the natural photoperiod (12 hL : 12 hD) with those of c... more The present study compared the effects of the natural photoperiod (12 hL : 12 hD) with those of continuous illumination (500 Lx) on feeding, growth and survival of the early stage snubnose pompano (Trachinotus blochii) larvae from 1 to 10 days post hatch (DPH). Newly hatched larvae were stocked at a density of 15 ind L-1 and fed with enriched rotifers (Brachionus plicatilis; 50-250 μm) at a density of 30 ind mL-1 starting from 2 DPH. The number of rotifers in the digestive organ, feeding incidence and total length of larvae were examined at 3-h interval from 0400H to 2200H at 3 DPH, at 6 h interval from 4 to 5 DPH and once at 8 DPH. Final growth and survival were also determined at the end of the experiment. Results showed that T. blochii larvae were visual feeders and exhibited diel rhythm under 24 h light. In contrast, larvae under natural photoperiod (12 hL : 12 hD) normally underwent diurnal rhythms. In conclusion, better larval feeding, growth and survival were obtained under continuous illumination. Introduction. Manipulation of photoperiod can have a major impact on larval growth and survival (Litvak 1999). The relationship between the photoperiod and larval growth is already well known in a number of fish species. In general, an increase in day length improves growth rates in species such as snapper Pagrus auratus (Fielder et al 2002), putitor mahseer Tor putitora (Sawhney & Gandotra 2010) and rabbitfish Siganus guttatus (Duray & Kohno 1988). A direct relationship between day length and growth of larvae has been observed in Atlantic cod Gadus morhua (Puvanendran & Brown 2002). Cod larvae reared under continuous illumination grew faster than siblings reared under 18 hL : 6 hD photoperiod and both grew faster than those reared under a natural photoperiod (12 hL : 12 hD) during the first 28 days of larval rearing. However, European seabass Dicentrarchus labrax larvae exhibited better growth but poorer survival under continuous illumination than under a photoperiod of less than 9 h light period (Ronzani-Cerqueira & Chatain 1991). Studies have shown that light influences prey detection, feeding ecology, and development of fish larvae (e.g. Cook & Rust 2002). Yoseda et al (2008) have reviewed the influence of continuous light on different kinds of groupers early larval stage. A higher survival of leopard coralgrouper Plectropomus leopardus requires optimum photoperiod of 24 hL : 0 hD rather than an ambient condition (13 hL : 11 hD) and 6 hL : 6 hD) repeating 2 cycles of photoperiods a day due to the higher feeding incidence, food intake, growth and survival. In other hatchery-reared groupers (P. leopardus, Epinephelus akaara, and Epinephelus malabaricus), the 3 species possess clear circadian rhythm in spite of the 24 h light conditions. It has been an assumed that 24 h light conditions were efficient from the view of food intake, growth and survival. The ability to catch prey has been shown to be a learned behavior and increasing the photoperiod
Bulletin of Pure and Applied Sciences - Zoology, 2021
One of the most significant inputs in an aquaponic system is fish feed. Here, two satiation feedi... more One of the most significant inputs in an aquaponic system is fish feed. Here, two satiation feeding (SF) levels (60% & 50%) have been tested. It aims to determine its effect on the water quality and the growth, hematological indices, and blood chemistry of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus reared in nutrient film technique aquaponic system (NFTAS) containing upland kangkong Ipomea reptans within 1 month period and compared it in the recirculating system (RS). Results showed that the SF levels have an insignificant effect on the water quality between the systems mainly due to the nonoptimal pH level that influenced the nitrification efficiency and the inefficient uptake of nutrients by the plants in NFTAS. Consequently, the growth, hematological parameters, and blood chemistry of the fish reared in NFTAS have not improved compared with those in RS. However, the fish and the plant growth performance were better at 60% SF in both systems. Thus, 60% is suggested SF level when 200 individuals Nile tilapia O. niloticus tilapia fingerling (2.46 g, average initial weight) are reared within 31 days in a healthy and balanced NFTAS with 50 individuals upland kangkong I. reptans.
Liguasan Marsh is the largest swamp and marsh area in south-central Mindanao and supports various... more Liguasan Marsh is the largest swamp and marsh area in south-central Mindanao and supports various fishery resources. This study examined the gut content of 8 common freshwater fishes in the Liguasan marsh to clarify their feeding habits. The eight species belong to seven families: Gobiidae, Cyprinidae, Anabantidae, Osphronemidae, Clariidae, Channidae, Cichlidae. Gut content analysis based on laboratory results showed that the fish comprised five feeding guilds (algae, fish, crustaceans, detritus, and mollusks). Of these, algal feeders were most abundantly represented. On the other hand, detritus and mollusk feeders were represented by only one species.
Bulletin of Pure and Applied Sciences-Zoology, 2021
The hatching of fairy shrimp Branchinella thailandensisfrom Thailand was studied. The fairy ... more The hatching of fairy shrimp Branchinella thailandensisfrom Thailand was studied. The fairy shrimp cysts were subjected to different temperature regimes [ambient (26-29oC), 30°C, 32°C, and 34°C] and examined the experimental condition's effect on hatching until no hatching occurred. Results indicated that temperature affects the hatching of the Thai fairy shrimp B. thailandensiscysts. The hatching of the fairy shrimp could occur once at 34oC and can be stimulated at 32oC, but fluctuating temperatures (26-29oC) and 30oC may reduce hatching success. However, the incubation period took longer, and hatching success was extremely low, suspected of improper cysts production technique and processing. In conclusion, the hatching of fairy shrimp B. thailandensiscan be improved at 34oC but optimal at 32oC.
The importation of exotic aquatic species for aquaculture has become a worldwide practice. Cultur... more The importation of exotic aquatic species for aquaculture has become a worldwide practice. Culturing the Pacific whiteleg shrimp, Penaeus vannamei, outside its natural geographic range, however, can cause many problems. We evaluated the implications of the aquacultural introduction of P. vannamei to the Philippines waters both on ecological and social aspects. Several questions were answered and discussed based on literature, scientific details, reflections on personal experience and their relevance to aquaculture of the P. vannamei in the Philippines to evaluate the ecological impacts while social impacts were discussed only based on literature. Findings revealed the escapes of P. vannamei from aquaculture production facilities of several countries including the Philippines. Consequently, the ability of P. vannamei escapees to survive the natural environment could lead to ecological concerns such as resource competition, reproduction, and the spread of disease in the wild. On the other hand, the recent expansion of shrimp culture has resulted in social conflicts with other resource users. Therefore, this review shows the negative implications on the aquacultural introduction of Pacific whiteleg shrimp P. vannamei in the Philippines both ecological and social aspect, and this heightens important management issues to ensure sustainable farming of the shrimp in the Philippines.
IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science (IOSR-JAVS), 2019
The study evaluated the effect of different SL (100%, 80% & 60%) on the growth and survival of Ni... more The study evaluated the effect of different SL (100%, 80% & 60%) on the growth and survival of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) under continuous illumination using indoor recirculating system. Statistical analysis showed no significant difference (ANOVA, p>0.05) existed on growth and survival of the fish after the experiment. Apparently, growth performance indicators (FABW, WG, SGR) of the fish slightly improved as the SL or FI increases. However, the survival of the fish was negatively affected because as the SL increases, the survival of the fish declines, and mortality rate increases. Results indicated that the insignificant growth of the fish is a consequence of increased physical activity under continuous illumination and the higher the SL, the more prone the fish to stress thereby negatively affecting fish survival. In conclusion, slightly improved growth could be obtained using higher SL (100%) but greater survival could be attained using low SL (60%) under continuous illumination.
The present utility model generally relates to the process of on-site nursery rearing of transpor... more The present utility model generally relates to the process of on-site nursery rearing of transported green mussel spats (Perna viridis) reared in the hatchery, which process involves: preparation of a netted nursery box; distribution of green mussel spats to a basin after transportation to site: gradual addition of site water to the basin; addition of aeration to the basin; continuous addition of site water to the basin until full; overnight observation of the green mussel spats; hanging of the attached spats inside the box; deployment of the box to the nursery site; monitoring and cleaning of the box and spats twice a week; and harvest of the green mussel spats after a month of acclimation and nursery.
IAMURE International Journal of Ecology and Conservation, 2018
Products from mussel are generally considered “high-value,” and unfulfilled demand in the domesti... more Products from mussel are generally considered “high-value,” and unfulfilled demand in the domestics and international markets exists for this species. However, mussel produce in the Philippines is sometimes not safe for human consumption. The conduct of this study is to evaluate large bodies of waters with huge potentials for culturing safe and high-value mussels. Four coastal towns referred to as station were assessed: Aparri, Buguey, Gonzaga, and Santa Ana Cagayan. Stations were monitored in- situ for physicochemical parameters using HI 9828 Hannah Multiparameter. Water sample of one liter per site was sent to the Department of Science and Technology Regional Testing Laboratory, Tuguegarao City for microbiological, heavy metal and total suspended solids analysis for one year period. A physicochemical recording was encoded using Microsoft Excel, and data analysis were done using SPSS v 20. Ten sites are moderately capable and suitable for mussel farming (based on modified assessment table of Soon & Ransangan (2014): (1) six in Aparri Cagayan River Estuary, (2) one in Caroan Gonzaga, (3) one in Buguey, (4) two in Sta. Ana. Lead, Cadmium and Iron concentration were less than (< 80 mg/l total suspended solids and > 8.0 total coliform count. Water parameters fluctuate heavily on ACRE unlike minimal fluctuations on other three stations. Mussel culture in Cagayan is feasible with weather considerations.
IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science (IOSR-JAVS), 2019
The study evaluated the effect of different SL (100%, 80% & 60%) on the growth and survival of Ni... more The study evaluated the effect of different SL (100%, 80% & 60%) on the growth and survival of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) under continuous illumination using indoor recirculating system. Statistical analysis showed no significant difference (ANOVA, p>0.05) existed on growth and survival of the fish after the experiment. Apparently, growth performance indicators (FABW, WG, SGR) of the fish slightly improved as the SL or FI increases. However, the survival of the fish was negatively affected because as the SL increases, the survival of the fish declines, and mortality rate increases. Results indicated that the insignificant growth of the fish is a consequence of increased physical activity under continuous illumination and the higher the SL, the more prone the fish to stress thereby negatively affecting fish survival. In conclusion, slightly improved growth could be obtained using higher SL (100%) but greater survival could be attained using low SL (60%) under continuous illumination.
The importation of exotic aquatic species for aquaculture has become a worldwide practice. Cultur... more The importation of exotic aquatic species for aquaculture has become a worldwide practice. Culturing the Pacific whiteleg shrimp, Penaeus vannamei, outside its natural geographic range, however, can cause many problems. We evaluated the implications of the aquacultural introduction of P. vannamei to the Philippines waters both on ecological and social aspects. Several questions were answered and discussed based on literature, scientific details, reflections on personal experience and their relevance to aquaculture of the P. vannamei in the Philippines to evaluate the ecological impacts while social impacts were discussed only based on literature. Findings revealed the escapes of P. vannamei from aquaculture production facilities of several countries including the Philippines. Consequently, the ability of P. vannamei escapees to survive the natural environment could lead to ecological concerns such as resource competition, reproduction, and the spread of disease in the wild. On the other hand, the recent expansion of shrimp culture has resulted in social conflicts with other resource users. Therefore, this review shows the negative implications on the aquacultural introduction of Pacific whiteleg shrimp P. vannamei in the Philippines both ecological and social aspect, and this heightens important management issues to ensure sustainable farming of the shrimp in the Philippines.
The green mussel Perna viridis, locally known as tahong, is one of the species commercially farme... more The green mussel Perna viridis, locally known as tahong, is one of the species commercially farmed in estuarine and marine areas in the Philippines due to its least cost in production and its ability to grow fast. This research presents the feasibility of transplanting P. viridis in Cagayan Valley especially in Buguey Lagoon using longline method. Transplanted P. viridis, from UPV hatchery to Buguey Lagoon (Caroan, Gonzaga), grew by about 42 mm in SL and 21 mm in SW by the span of six months from initial size of 11.25 ± 2.20 mm SL and 6.18 ± 1.06 mm SW. Growth in SL and SW of P. viridis was 0.23 mm day-1 and 0.12 mm day-1, respectively. Highest SGR was observed on the month of May (0.54 ± 0.05 mm SL, 0.30 ± 0.02 mm SW) and lowest SGR was recorded on Month of June (0.02 ± 0.04 mm SL, 0.01 ± 0.03 mm SW). Minimal fluctuations in other water parameters was observed throughout the culture period. Lowest salinity on month of June was significantly different on other months. Site suitability of the Buguey Lagoon, Cagayan has a reasonable environmental requirement to provide for the P. viridis culture. Further studies must be conducted in order to supplement the feasibility of P. viridis culture in Cagayan.
The present study compared the effects of the natural photoperiod (12 hL : 12 hD) with those of c... more The present study compared the effects of the natural photoperiod (12 hL : 12 hD) with those of continuous illumination (500 Lx) on feeding, growth and survival of the early stage snubnose pompano (Trachinotus blochii) larvae from 1 to 10 days post hatch (DPH). Newly hatched larvae were stocked at a density of 15 ind L-1 and fed with enriched rotifers (Brachionus plicatilis; 50-250 μm) at a density of 30 ind mL-1 starting from 2 DPH. The number of rotifers in the digestive organ, feeding incidence and total length of larvae were examined at 3-h interval from 0400H to 2200H at 3 DPH, at 6 h interval from 4 to 5 DPH and once at 8 DPH. Final growth and survival were also determined at the end of the experiment. Results showed that T. blochii larvae were visual feeders and exhibited diel rhythm under 24 h light. In contrast, larvae under natural photoperiod (12 hL : 12 hD) normally underwent diurnal rhythms. In conclusion, better larval feeding, growth and survival were obtained under continuous illumination. Introduction. Manipulation of photoperiod can have a major impact on larval growth and survival (Litvak 1999). The relationship between the photoperiod and larval growth is already well known in a number of fish species. In general, an increase in day length improves growth rates in species such as snapper Pagrus auratus (Fielder et al 2002), putitor mahseer Tor putitora (Sawhney & Gandotra 2010) and rabbitfish Siganus guttatus (Duray & Kohno 1988). A direct relationship between day length and growth of larvae has been observed in Atlantic cod Gadus morhua (Puvanendran & Brown 2002). Cod larvae reared under continuous illumination grew faster than siblings reared under 18 hL : 6 hD photoperiod and both grew faster than those reared under a natural photoperiod (12 hL : 12 hD) during the first 28 days of larval rearing. However, European seabass Dicentrarchus labrax larvae exhibited better growth but poorer survival under continuous illumination than under a photoperiod of less than 9 h light period (Ronzani-Cerqueira & Chatain 1991). Studies have shown that light influences prey detection, feeding ecology, and development of fish larvae (e.g. Cook & Rust 2002). Yoseda et al (2008) have reviewed the influence of continuous light on different kinds of groupers early larval stage. A higher survival of leopard coralgrouper Plectropomus leopardus requires optimum photoperiod of 24 hL : 0 hD rather than an ambient condition (13 hL : 11 hD) and 6 hL : 6 hD) repeating 2 cycles of photoperiods a day due to the higher feeding incidence, food intake, growth and survival. In other hatchery-reared groupers (P. leopardus, Epinephelus akaara, and Epinephelus malabaricus), the 3 species possess clear circadian rhythm in spite of the 24 h light conditions. It has been an assumed that 24 h light conditions were efficient from the view of food intake, growth and survival. The ability to catch prey has been shown to be a learned behavior and increasing the photoperiod
Uploads
Papers
in the Philippines due to its least cost in production and its ability to grow fast. This research presents the feasibility of transplanting
P. viridis in Cagayan Valley especially in Buguey Lagoon using longline method. Transplanted P. viridis, from UPV hatchery to Buguey
Lagoon (Caroan, Gonzaga), grew by about 42 mm in SL and 21 mm in SW by the span of six months from initial size of 11.25 ± 2.20
mm SL and 6.18 ± 1.06 mm SW. Growth in SL and SW of P. viridis was 0.23 mm day-1 and 0.12 mm day-1, respectively. Highest SGR was
observed on the month of May (0.54 ± 0.05 mm SL, 0.30 ± 0.02 mm SW) and lowest SGR was recorded on Month of June (0.02 ± 0.04
mm SL, 0.01 ± 0.03 mm SW). Minimal fluctuations in other water parameters was observed throughout the culture period. Lowest
salinity on month of June was significantly different on other months. Site suitability of the Buguey Lagoon, Cagayan has a reasonable
environmental requirement to provide for the P. viridis culture. Further studies must be conducted in order to supplement the
feasibility of P. viridis culture in Cagayan.
in the Philippines due to its least cost in production and its ability to grow fast. This research presents the feasibility of transplanting
P. viridis in Cagayan Valley especially in Buguey Lagoon using longline method. Transplanted P. viridis, from UPV hatchery to Buguey
Lagoon (Caroan, Gonzaga), grew by about 42 mm in SL and 21 mm in SW by the span of six months from initial size of 11.25 ± 2.20
mm SL and 6.18 ± 1.06 mm SW. Growth in SL and SW of P. viridis was 0.23 mm day-1 and 0.12 mm day-1, respectively. Highest SGR was
observed on the month of May (0.54 ± 0.05 mm SL, 0.30 ± 0.02 mm SW) and lowest SGR was recorded on Month of June (0.02 ± 0.04
mm SL, 0.01 ± 0.03 mm SW). Minimal fluctuations in other water parameters was observed throughout the culture period. Lowest
salinity on month of June was significantly different on other months. Site suitability of the Buguey Lagoon, Cagayan has a reasonable
environmental requirement to provide for the P. viridis culture. Further studies must be conducted in order to supplement the
feasibility of P. viridis culture in Cagayan.