Division of Physical Sciences and Mathematics, CAS

ABSTRACT The dynamics of a single strain HIV model is studied. The basic reproduction number R 0 used as a bifurcation parameter shows that the system undergoes transcritical and saddle-node bifurcations. The usual threshold unit value of R 0 does not completely determine the eradication of the disease in an HIV infected person. In particular, a sub-threshold value R c is established which determines the system’s number of endemic states: multiple if R c < R 0 < 1, only one if R c = R 0 = 1, and none if R 0 < R c < 1.

Past-due or non-collectible loans are part and parcel of the financial sector. As past-due rates surpass expected limits, though, this piece of the credit cycle can become a true problem. While often seen as a final step in the lending cycle, collections 1 actually plays a much more integral role in the overall process. In recent years microfinance institutions (MFIs) have sought to develop new and more effective strategies for collections. This increased attention to collections is in part due to an industry-wide emphasis on credit promotion and analysis as well as to the changing and increasingly competitive environments in which MFIs are operating. Drawing from the experiences of collections programs throughout Latin America 2 and through the implementation of initial collections activities in India that are mainly focusing on Individual lending methodology, this InSight explores "best practices" and considerations that an MFI should take into account when attempting to successfully implement collections activities.