One of the most immediate effects of the Russian war against Ukraine was the unprecedented influx... more One of the most immediate effects of the Russian war against Ukraine was the unprecedented influx of Ukrainian refugees in some countries. This article analyzes temporary protection for Ukrainian refugees in two countries—the Czech Republic and Poland, which represent the countries most exposed to immigration from Ukraine. The authors compare the political and legal response of both countries to the institute of temporary protection to reveal similarities and differences in the scope, tools, and nature of temporary protection, including causes and consequences. Both countries go beyond the minimum standards set in the EU Temporary Protection Directive and differ in their approach to its implementation. The authors claim that although the concept of temporary protection has expanded with the current situation, it allows significant benefits in allowing fast-track integration into the labor market, which aligns with the concept of refugees’ “deservingness.” However, the duration of temporary protection is a major limitation to refugees’ integration due to the emphasis on voluntary return to the country of origin.
A collection of texts analysing the elements constituting a political discourse at the time of de... more A collection of texts analysing the elements constituting a political discourse at the time of democratic changes after 1989 in Poland and the Czech Republic. The book presents – from a Polish and Czech perspective – various communication strategies and distinct images of political players in order to show similarities and differences in political doctrines, social ideologies as well as communication and media standards, which prevail in both countries.
Three of the four BRIC countries are located in Asia. However, there are more significant actors ... more Three of the four BRIC countries are located in Asia. However, there are more significant actors regarding chemicals industry. This chapter explores chemical regulation in Japan, South Korea, Taiwan and Singapore. The previous chapter demonstrated that lack of financial, administrative and human resources as well as technical obstacles with domestic regulation resulted in very weak response to REACH. Countries analyzed in this chapter have significant chemical industry and sufficient resources and expertise to overcome problems related to developing countries. What was the response of Japan, South Korea, Taiwan or Singapore to REACH and to what extent their domestic regulation is comparable to the EU’s REACH?
This chapter explores four other Asian countries, noticeably Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand and Ph... more This chapter explores four other Asian countries, noticeably Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand and Philippines and their relationship with the chemical industry. All countries in the region experienced updates in their chemical regulations. Therefore the question is posed to what extent is their chemical regulation similar and to what degree EU REACH was reflected during domestic reform process?
In previous chapters we have focused on 10 states outside the “European neighborhood” which respo... more In previous chapters we have focused on 10 states outside the “European neighborhood” which responded to EU chemical regulation in different ways. However, there are more states affected by REACH which had to act. Some of them are more integrated into international networks and were proactive on the international level from the early beginning (Switzerland, Canada, Australia) while others have similar attitudes like the BRIC countries. In this chapter chemical regulation in some remaining countries will be explored and at which level are they affected by REACH, regardless of their geographic position in order to improve the complete picture about EU chemical regulation on the international level. This chapter deals with the chemical regulation within Canada, Australia, New Zealand and Switzerland including other countries which decided to improve its chemical management.
Second chapter explored the main norms regarding chemical regulation which are valid in the EU. B... more Second chapter explored the main norms regarding chemical regulation which are valid in the EU. Behind EU borders there are countries aspiring to EU membership. While some already have signed association agreements and opened enlargement negotiations with the EU, others are just potential candidates without early EU membership perspective due to political problems. This chapter deals with the EU neighborhood on its eastern borders, starting from the Western Balkans through Turkey and Moldova to Ukraine.
European Union law is not the only source of influence and inspiration in the international arena... more European Union law is not the only source of influence and inspiration in the international arena regarding chemical management. There are several important tools and initiatives regarding chemical management on the global level. The main aim of this chapter is not to comprehensively explore all conventions, treaties and initiatives dealing with chemicals. This is not possible due to large area covered. This chapter rather introduces the main aspects of the most important tools including the Basel Convention, Rotterdam Convention and Stockholm Convention which are introduced in separate chapters. Other important instruments and initiatives, such as the Aarhus Protocol, Responsible Care or Safe Planet are introduced as well. This chapter is descriptive in its nature, exploring the material nature of chemical regulation at the international level which might be, next to the EU, other source of influence on the countries outside the EU. It helps to distinguish between Europeanization and globalization as it presents instruments on the global level.
In order to respond the question “how much Europeanization?” took place in chemical legislation i... more In order to respond the question “how much Europeanization?” took place in chemical legislation in selected countries it is necessary to explore how the result of Europeanization should look like or what shall the “export” from the EU look like. This chapter presents material to the core of Europeanization. Focus is given to content of Europeanization which is REACH regulation, however there follows REACH-linked regulations which are considered as integral part of EU chemical management legislation. This includes CLP regulation, Biocidal product regulation (BPR) and Prior Informed Consent regulation (PIC). Each regulation will be explored in a separate section. It is not the aim of the chapter to present the legislative in its complexity, but rather to point out the main aspects. For this reason the chapter is descriptive in its nature, first introducing the general context and then key aspects of the legislation. The four sections about EU chemical regulations (REACH, CLP, BPR and PIC) will be preceded by section introducing the situation prior REACH in order to show the contrast and revolutionary progress of existing EU legislation.
Magnus Ranstorp – Magnus Normark (eds.): Unconventional Weapons and International Terrorism: Chal... more Magnus Ranstorp – Magnus Normark (eds.): Unconventional Weapons and International Terrorism: Challenges and new approaches. New York: Routledge, 2009, 214 stran. ISBN: 978-0-415-48439-8.
This chapter explores key elements of the Europeanization concept which is the main theoretical p... more This chapter explores key elements of the Europeanization concept which is the main theoretical point of view used in this book. At first, several definitions of the concept will be introduced in order to explore different perceptions and understandings. Then emphasis is put on processes happening behind the label of Europeanization. Because these processes may evoke reactions of subjects to Europeanization or other actors influenced by Europeanization it is worth to explore possible responses to Europeanization at the domestic level. The last part of the chapter deals with the concept of Europeanization in the context of EU external influence as key mechanism used in this book.
A very specific group of countries is formed by Brazil, Russia, India and China known collectivel... more A very specific group of countries is formed by Brazil, Russia, India and China known collectively as the “BRIC” countries. All four countries are remarkable for their economic growth in the past two decades which made them important international actors. This is valid also for considerable growth in chemical production (especially in China) which accelerated the need for complex chemical regulation and participation on global instruments. However, chemical regulation in BRIC countries is experiencing significant problems (especially in India and Brazil while in lesser degree also in Russia and China) mirroring their domestic problems including lack of administrative, financial or technical capacities. For this reason, except initial interest in Russia, the response to REACH among BRIC countries was limited. This chapter explores chemical regulation in all four countries and where possible the changes into the context of REACH are placed.
One of the most immediate effects of the Russian war against Ukraine was the unprecedented influx... more One of the most immediate effects of the Russian war against Ukraine was the unprecedented influx of Ukrainian refugees in some countries. This article analyzes temporary protection for Ukrainian refugees in two countries—the Czech Republic and Poland, which represent the countries most exposed to immigration from Ukraine. The authors compare the political and legal response of both countries to the institute of temporary protection to reveal similarities and differences in the scope, tools, and nature of temporary protection, including causes and consequences. Both countries go beyond the minimum standards set in the EU Temporary Protection Directive and differ in their approach to its implementation. The authors claim that although the concept of temporary protection has expanded with the current situation, it allows significant benefits in allowing fast-track integration into the labor market, which aligns with the concept of refugees’ “deservingness.” However, the duration of temporary protection is a major limitation to refugees’ integration due to the emphasis on voluntary return to the country of origin.
A collection of texts analysing the elements constituting a political discourse at the time of de... more A collection of texts analysing the elements constituting a political discourse at the time of democratic changes after 1989 in Poland and the Czech Republic. The book presents – from a Polish and Czech perspective – various communication strategies and distinct images of political players in order to show similarities and differences in political doctrines, social ideologies as well as communication and media standards, which prevail in both countries.
Three of the four BRIC countries are located in Asia. However, there are more significant actors ... more Three of the four BRIC countries are located in Asia. However, there are more significant actors regarding chemicals industry. This chapter explores chemical regulation in Japan, South Korea, Taiwan and Singapore. The previous chapter demonstrated that lack of financial, administrative and human resources as well as technical obstacles with domestic regulation resulted in very weak response to REACH. Countries analyzed in this chapter have significant chemical industry and sufficient resources and expertise to overcome problems related to developing countries. What was the response of Japan, South Korea, Taiwan or Singapore to REACH and to what extent their domestic regulation is comparable to the EU’s REACH?
This chapter explores four other Asian countries, noticeably Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand and Ph... more This chapter explores four other Asian countries, noticeably Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand and Philippines and their relationship with the chemical industry. All countries in the region experienced updates in their chemical regulations. Therefore the question is posed to what extent is their chemical regulation similar and to what degree EU REACH was reflected during domestic reform process?
In previous chapters we have focused on 10 states outside the “European neighborhood” which respo... more In previous chapters we have focused on 10 states outside the “European neighborhood” which responded to EU chemical regulation in different ways. However, there are more states affected by REACH which had to act. Some of them are more integrated into international networks and were proactive on the international level from the early beginning (Switzerland, Canada, Australia) while others have similar attitudes like the BRIC countries. In this chapter chemical regulation in some remaining countries will be explored and at which level are they affected by REACH, regardless of their geographic position in order to improve the complete picture about EU chemical regulation on the international level. This chapter deals with the chemical regulation within Canada, Australia, New Zealand and Switzerland including other countries which decided to improve its chemical management.
Second chapter explored the main norms regarding chemical regulation which are valid in the EU. B... more Second chapter explored the main norms regarding chemical regulation which are valid in the EU. Behind EU borders there are countries aspiring to EU membership. While some already have signed association agreements and opened enlargement negotiations with the EU, others are just potential candidates without early EU membership perspective due to political problems. This chapter deals with the EU neighborhood on its eastern borders, starting from the Western Balkans through Turkey and Moldova to Ukraine.
European Union law is not the only source of influence and inspiration in the international arena... more European Union law is not the only source of influence and inspiration in the international arena regarding chemical management. There are several important tools and initiatives regarding chemical management on the global level. The main aim of this chapter is not to comprehensively explore all conventions, treaties and initiatives dealing with chemicals. This is not possible due to large area covered. This chapter rather introduces the main aspects of the most important tools including the Basel Convention, Rotterdam Convention and Stockholm Convention which are introduced in separate chapters. Other important instruments and initiatives, such as the Aarhus Protocol, Responsible Care or Safe Planet are introduced as well. This chapter is descriptive in its nature, exploring the material nature of chemical regulation at the international level which might be, next to the EU, other source of influence on the countries outside the EU. It helps to distinguish between Europeanization and globalization as it presents instruments on the global level.
In order to respond the question “how much Europeanization?” took place in chemical legislation i... more In order to respond the question “how much Europeanization?” took place in chemical legislation in selected countries it is necessary to explore how the result of Europeanization should look like or what shall the “export” from the EU look like. This chapter presents material to the core of Europeanization. Focus is given to content of Europeanization which is REACH regulation, however there follows REACH-linked regulations which are considered as integral part of EU chemical management legislation. This includes CLP regulation, Biocidal product regulation (BPR) and Prior Informed Consent regulation (PIC). Each regulation will be explored in a separate section. It is not the aim of the chapter to present the legislative in its complexity, but rather to point out the main aspects. For this reason the chapter is descriptive in its nature, first introducing the general context and then key aspects of the legislation. The four sections about EU chemical regulations (REACH, CLP, BPR and PIC) will be preceded by section introducing the situation prior REACH in order to show the contrast and revolutionary progress of existing EU legislation.
Magnus Ranstorp – Magnus Normark (eds.): Unconventional Weapons and International Terrorism: Chal... more Magnus Ranstorp – Magnus Normark (eds.): Unconventional Weapons and International Terrorism: Challenges and new approaches. New York: Routledge, 2009, 214 stran. ISBN: 978-0-415-48439-8.
This chapter explores key elements of the Europeanization concept which is the main theoretical p... more This chapter explores key elements of the Europeanization concept which is the main theoretical point of view used in this book. At first, several definitions of the concept will be introduced in order to explore different perceptions and understandings. Then emphasis is put on processes happening behind the label of Europeanization. Because these processes may evoke reactions of subjects to Europeanization or other actors influenced by Europeanization it is worth to explore possible responses to Europeanization at the domestic level. The last part of the chapter deals with the concept of Europeanization in the context of EU external influence as key mechanism used in this book.
A very specific group of countries is formed by Brazil, Russia, India and China known collectivel... more A very specific group of countries is formed by Brazil, Russia, India and China known collectively as the “BRIC” countries. All four countries are remarkable for their economic growth in the past two decades which made them important international actors. This is valid also for considerable growth in chemical production (especially in China) which accelerated the need for complex chemical regulation and participation on global instruments. However, chemical regulation in BRIC countries is experiencing significant problems (especially in India and Brazil while in lesser degree also in Russia and China) mirroring their domestic problems including lack of administrative, financial or technical capacities. For this reason, except initial interest in Russia, the response to REACH among BRIC countries was limited. This chapter explores chemical regulation in all four countries and where possible the changes into the context of REACH are placed.
Europeizace představuje teoretický koncept, který je znám a rozvíjen v České republice téměř dvac... more Europeizace představuje teoretický koncept, který je znám a rozvíjen v České republice téměř dvacet let. Tato publikace jistým způsobem uceluje dosavadní poznání konceptu, přičemž se zaměřuje na teoretické uchopení fenoménu jako metody použitelné pro výzkum v oblasti politologie a práva. Monografie obsahuje osm výzkumných otázek, které jsou formulovány tak, aby vedly k prozkoumání mechanismů a různých pojetí europeizace. Byť je výzkum veden jako exploratorní teoretická případová studie, v řadě částí jde nad rámec exploratorního charakteru a obohacuje poznání o vlastní výzkum. Publikace je členěna do osmi kapitol, které postupně odhalují různé dimenze fenoménu. První kapitola se zaměřuje na rozmanitost pojetí europeizace a srovnání podstaty definic nejvýznamnějších autorů. Kapitola má za cíl zjistit, co je europeizací. Druhá kapitola se zaměřuje na působení europeizace na národní úroveň, která je v rámci teorie nejvíc rozpracována. Jelikož tento proces má významnou právní dimenzi, je této dimenzi věnována samostatná kapitola představující rozmanitost přístupu v rámci právní vědy. Čtvrtá kapitola se zabývá reakcí státu a společnosti na europeizaci s důrazem na některé negativní efekty, které europeizace může vyvolat. Pátá kapitola rozvíjí pohled “dovnitř státu” a zkoumá vliv europeizace na politické strany, zájmové skupiny a občanskou společnost. Zvláštní kapitola je věnována také europeizaci veřejné správy. Zatímco předchozí dvě kapitoly se zabývaly europeizací s důrazem na její adresáty (aktéry), sedmá kapitola řeší europeizaci politik v kontextu policy analysis, kdy demonstruje vysokou uchopitelnost teoretického konceptu. Poslední kapitola se věnuje europeizaci mimo EU, která působí prostřednictvím odlišných mechanismů, než je tomu v případě členských nebo kandidátských zemí. Po přečtení publikace čtenář získá dobrý přehled o vhodnosti a využitelnosti konceptu europeizace pro analýzu, jakožto se seznámí i s některými úskalími tohoto konceptu a dosavadním zpracováním tématu v českém i zahraničním prostředí.
Europe and the Migration Crisis: the Response of the EU Member States, 2018
Migration is a prominent part of the post-2015 agenda for Europe. The migration crisis as exposed... more Migration is a prominent part of the post-2015 agenda for Europe. The migration crisis as exposed a number of already existing challenges in the European Union and amongst national European policies. Issues such as poverty, instability in home countries, natural disasters and violent conflicts will continue to drive people to seek safety. This means that within the European Union’s vicinity, migration continues as people seek to better livelihood. It is within this basic understanding that this book begins its study of migration and the migration challenges facing Europe. In two distinct parts, the book explores the theoretical and practical challenges within the study of migration in Europe as well as regionally specific responses. This book discuss specific issue such as the theory of migration, the push and pull factors of the new wave migration, protection of EU borders, the development of EU migration and asylum policy, the security dimension of migration, and how the migration crisis has affected the future of the European Union as a political and economic bloc; concluding with an exploration of migration within European society whether as integration, assimilation or multicultural. The immigration debate will never be an easy one, but it can become less tendentious and more deliberative. In this effort, the book takes a look in its second part, to regionally specific responses by the EU member states since 2015.
The textbook Transition to Democracy in Central Europe focuses on the
Czech Republic, Hungary, Po... more The textbook Transition to Democracy in Central Europe focuses on the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia and their transition from communist regimes to democratic ones. Different problems of democratic development are under scrutiny. These states lie in the part of Europe, which is from the regional perspective called Central Europe. But this perspective and the determination of this region can be different going more to West or more to East. The aim of the present textbook is to give an overview of selected topics related to political development in Central Europe in the last one hundred years. The focus is put on the installation, character and fall of communist regimes, mode of transition to democracy and the given issues of democratic consolidation as it was with the state division in the case of Czechoslovakia, transition from one party system to a multiparty system, dealing with the communist past, economic transition and international influence on the democratization process. A great part of the book is also dedicated to an overview of relations with the European Union and to a lesser degree with NATO. Each chapter is accompanied by questions, by which the students can verify their acquired knowledge, and by further reading developing the topic.
In the book Global Jihad: Case Studies in Terrorist Organizations, written by Ingrid Borárosová, ... more In the book Global Jihad: Case Studies in Terrorist Organizations, written by Ingrid Borárosová, Aaron T. Walter and Ondřej Filipec, the concept of Jihad from various perspectives is introduced. The book is divided into two parts. In the first part the concept of Jihad is presented with special focus on Islamism and radical interpretation of Salafism. A special chapter is dedicated to terrorism and media, especially medial strategies and the presence of Jihadist groups in new media. The last chapter of theoretical introduction is presenting selected highly actual issues of international law. The second part of the book consists of eight case studies dedicated to jihadist organizations which are most relevant in the contemporary medial context: The Islamic State (Daesh), Al-Qaeda, Al-Nusra Front, Al-Shabaab, Boko Haram, East Turkmenistan Islamic Movement, Arab Mujahideen in Chechnya and Lashkar e Tajiba.
This paper explores the realities of returning to the Czech Republic during the recent COVID-19 p... more This paper explores the realities of returning to the Czech Republic during the recent COVID-19 pandemic. During the pandemic, the transnational migrant networks have been disrupted for many migrants. Some of them had to use the help of the nation-state, such as the information provided by the Czech Ministry of Foreign Affairs or repatriation flights, to return to the country of origin. Moreover, their migration plans and trajectories might have been cut short and altered during the pandemic. This paper draws on 135 surveys with the returnees who returned to the Czech Republic between February 2020 and May 2021 and discusses their characteristics. It looks at the factors that made migrants return to the Czech Republic, describes their socio-economic situation compared to the previous country of residence, and other aspects of their post-return experience. Finally, it sheds light on the characteristics of those who claim they would have stayed abroad if there had been no pandemic.
The outbreak of the pandemic, marked with many unknowns and uncertainty, provided a fertile groun... more The outbreak of the pandemic, marked with many unknowns and uncertainty, provided a fertile ground for disinformation, conspiracy theories, and pro-Kremlin propaganda in the Czech Republic which was delivered through various communication channels. This is also the case of so-called “chain e-mails” forwarded especially among older people to substitute social networks. The main aim of the article is to reveal the nature and content of chain e-mails communicating Covid-19 with a special focus on narratives and its development. The article is based on the analysis of 2,056 unique Covid-19-related chain e-mails forwarded among people in the Czech Republic between March 2020 and May 2022. Next to revealing key targets, techniques, and narrative developments, the analysis contributes to a better understanding of disinformation, propaganda, and conspiracy theories in the Czech Republic and the (dis)information ecosystem in general. The final discussion is dedicated to the possibilities of how to address the negative effects of chain e-mails.
This paper presents the analysis of the 2019 European Parliament (EP) election manifestos of popu... more This paper presents the analysis of the 2019 European Parliament (EP) election manifestos of populist parties in V4 countries as a contribution to the contemporary discussion on political populism. The elections always allow for an interesting comparative view of populist parties in the context of the V4. The aim of the study is to analyze the election campaign programs which populist parties operating in individual V4 countries presented for EP elections in 2019. The paper is conceived as a qualitative content analysis of the official election programs of relevant populist parties and other sources of their communication. As authors we strive to identify topics that have been framed as a problem or risk on behalf of the Central European populists and the method in which these topics have been interpreted in their programs. As we found, especially the so-called “immigration crisis” and the contemporary state of the European Union are seen as most problematic by majority of the populists. On the other hand, majority of these parties do not want some Central European version of Brexit – their rhetorical goal is rather to reform the Union.
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Papers by Ondrej Filipec
Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia and their transition from communist regimes to democratic ones. Different problems of democratic development are under scrutiny. These states lie in the part of Europe, which is from the regional perspective called Central Europe. But this perspective and the determination of this region can be different going more to West or more to East. The aim of the present textbook is to give an overview of selected topics related to political development in Central Europe in the last one hundred years. The focus is put on the installation, character and fall of communist regimes, mode of transition to democracy and the given issues of democratic consolidation as it was with the state division in the case of Czechoslovakia, transition from one party system to a multiparty system, dealing with the communist past, economic transition and international influence on the democratization process. A great part of the book is also dedicated to an overview of relations with the European Union and to a lesser degree with NATO. Each chapter is accompanied by questions, by which the students can verify their acquired knowledge, and by further reading developing the topic.