Electronics

This paper discusses the synthesis and optical properties of erbium-doped silica nanofibers for telecommunication applications. Silica nanofibers with erbium concentration of (0, 1 at. %, 2 at. %, 4 at. % and 6 at. %) were fabricated using sol-gel/electrospinning technique. All the doped nanofibers exhibited high absorption in the 1500 nm –  1600 nm wavelength range that belongs to the Er3+ ion transition 4I15/2 → 4I13/2. These fibers showed rarely observed luminescence at 732 nm and 798 nm peak upon excitation with 488 nm and 514 nm sources, respectively. 2 at. % erbium-doped silica nanofibers annealed at 500 °C were found to be extremely luminescent among the other compositions upon excitation at 488 nm. Annealing to temperatures higher than 500 °C distorts the nanofiber morphology, which also results in thermal quenching. Higher levels of doping caused ion clustering effect that led to the concentration quenching and thus decrease in the emission intensity was observed.

We use MQ-7 sensor in our project which will detect or sense the presence of CO gas but due to unavailable of MQ-5 sensor in market. So, we have use MQ-7 for Natural gas (the gas use in our homes for burning purpose CH4 and 20% of other hydrocarbons). Our project main purpose is to develop the project which is based on the detection of natural gas leakage. Natural gas concentration is sensed by the sensor on density base. Here we use Arduino because the interfacing of Arduino is easy than microcontroller IC. Arduino UNO (it is an open source hardware company or institution that is used in the projects and in user community to design or produced microcontroller based tools for making digital devices and objects that can be used to sensed/detect and control the tangible and visible entity. Arduino consist of both physical programmable circuit board as microcontroller and software IDE abbreviated as integrated development environment which run on the computer) is used in our project as a programmable device for whole of our system (project). Further our circuitry element is Liquid crystal display (LCD 16x2), buzzer or alarm, jumper wires and Vero Board.

We use MQ-7 sensor in our project which will detect or sense the presence of CO gas but due to unavailable of MQ-5 sensor in market. So, we have use MQ-7 for Natural gas (the gas use in our homes for burning purpose CH4 and 20% of other hydrocarbons). Our project main purpose is to develop the project which is based on the detection of natural gas leakage. Natural gas concentration is sensed by the sensor on density base. Here we use Arduino because the interfacing of Arduino is easy than microcontroller IC. Arduino UNO (it is an open source hardware company or institution that is used in the projects and in user community to design or produced microcontroller based tools for making digital devices and objects that can be used to sensed/detect and control the tangible and visible entity. Arduino consist of both physical programmable circuit board as microcontroller and software IDE abbreviated as integrated development environment which run on the computer) is used in our project as a programmable device for whole of our system (project). Further our circuitry element is Liquid crystal display (LCD 16x2), buzzer or alarm, jumper wires and Vero Board.