Despite the growing trend of peer-to-peer (P2P) exchanges, there
is a lack of studies that examin... more Despite the growing trend of peer-to-peer (P2P) exchanges, there is a lack of studies that examine the determinants of the relationship between exchanging partners and the role of commitment in particular. This is especially necessary as P2P exchanges enact a different type of reciprocity from that of ‘business-to-consumers’. Thus, exploring P2P exchanges allows a better understanding of the drivers of commitment and the relationship of commitment with reciprocity. This qualitative and exploratory study examines the case of timebanks (TBs). Drawing from 40 in-depth interviews with TB managers and users along with participant observation, this study finds that commitment is a complex and multidimensional construct that may vary drastically depending on the distinct foci of commitment, the dual roles that users perform (as providers or as recipients), the type of exchange system and the notion of reciprocity underlying the exchange system.
Resumen: En el contexto del debate sobre la autorregulación como alternativa o complemento a la r... more Resumen: En el contexto del debate sobre la autorregulación como alternativa o complemento a la regulación tradicional, proliferan en el mundo empresarial los códigos éticos o códigos internos de responsabilidad social corporativa (RSC): aquellos ...
International Review on Public and Nonprofit Marketing, 2006
Some authors regard philanthropy as an expression of social responsibility; for others it is a ma... more Some authors regard philanthropy as an expression of social responsibility; for others it is a marketing tool. At the same time, the legitimisation for philanthropy lays upon its being profit-oriented. Managers acknowledge carrying out their philanthropic contributions ...
ABSTRACT: This article examines the socially responsible offer of savings banks and credit union... more ABSTRACT: This article examines the socially responsible offer of savings banks and credit unions in Spain. In particular, it has been analysed their perceived commitment with socially responsible investments, their product portfolio, their marketing strategy, and their ...
This paper evaluates the contribution of the energy industry (oil, gas and electricity) to the Mi... more This paper evaluates the contribution of the energy industry (oil, gas and electricity) to the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) in three countries (Argentina, Colombia and Mexico). To build this international benchmark, a tool was built (the MDG-Scorecard), by drawing on theoretical frameworks and guides on how businesses can contribute to the MDGs. Results show that companies are making efforts to contribute to the environment, human rights, employment creation and labour rights. However, their effort is close to nil for the Goals with the weakest links with their core business. Findings also suggest that there is no coordinated and consistent strategy to achieve the MDGs either intra-company or inter-companies.
This paper explores the managerial aspects of the relationship with stakeholders, under the assum... more This paper explores the managerial aspects of the relationship with stakeholders, under the assumption that transfer of knowledge is being made from relationship marketing and market orientation perspectives. These marketing tools may prove useful to manage the relationship with other stakeholders, as has been the case with customers. This study focuses on a sample of Spanish companies representing 43% of listed companies with the largest market capitalization. Given that this is the first time that corporate relationship with stakeholders is analyzed in Spain, a qualitative technique (case analysis) was used. The main conclusion of the study is that most of the participant companies have a reactive position vis-à-vis stakeholders management systems. This attitude is reflected in their concern exclusively about ethical indexes managers.
Managing the relationship with nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) is a key capability for most ... more Managing the relationship with nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) is a key capability for most companies, because dialogue with stakeholders is a requested feature of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). This paper analyses the relationship between businesses and NGOs in Spain. By applying grounded theory, the authors summarize this relationship in the dynamics of conflict and cooperation. NGOs' strategies vis-à-vis companies are categorized and the variables explaining different approaches on both companies' and NGOs' side are examined. The paper concludes by placing the private relationship with NGOs in a wider context (the public arena), dominated by the approach-withdrawal dynamics between firms and NGOs. Finally, this paper presents the theory that results from this research.
This paper focuses on one of the strategies proposed in the name of 'fair trade&... more This paper focuses on one of the strategies proposed in the name of 'fair trade': the inclusion of social clauses in trade agreements. Although the social clauses could cover any non‐economic aspect of trade exchanges, such as environment, they are more commonly used ...
This paper analyses one of the business case arguments for social responsibility: that corporate ... more This paper analyses one of the business case arguments for social responsibility: that corporate social responsibility plans are rewarded by consumers. This paper explores the ability of consumers to buy responsibly, identifies the main obstacles for responsible consumption, and suggests conditions for it to work. The review of previous studies leads us to conclude that consuming responsibly is seen as a time consuming activity, economically disadvantageous, and stressful. The main thesis of this paper is that unless market failures are corrected, consumers will not be able to buy responsibly, and therefore, market incentives for CSR are seriously threatened.
Despite the growing trend of peer-to-peer (P2P) exchanges, there
is a lack of studies that examin... more Despite the growing trend of peer-to-peer (P2P) exchanges, there is a lack of studies that examine the determinants of the relationship between exchanging partners and the role of commitment in particular. This is especially necessary as P2P exchanges enact a different type of reciprocity from that of ‘business-to-consumers’. Thus, exploring P2P exchanges allows a better understanding of the drivers of commitment and the relationship of commitment with reciprocity. This qualitative and exploratory study examines the case of timebanks (TBs). Drawing from 40 in-depth interviews with TB managers and users along with participant observation, this study finds that commitment is a complex and multidimensional construct that may vary drastically depending on the distinct foci of commitment, the dual roles that users perform (as providers or as recipients), the type of exchange system and the notion of reciprocity underlying the exchange system.
Resumen: En el contexto del debate sobre la autorregulación como alternativa o complemento a la r... more Resumen: En el contexto del debate sobre la autorregulación como alternativa o complemento a la regulación tradicional, proliferan en el mundo empresarial los códigos éticos o códigos internos de responsabilidad social corporativa (RSC): aquellos ...
International Review on Public and Nonprofit Marketing, 2006
Some authors regard philanthropy as an expression of social responsibility; for others it is a ma... more Some authors regard philanthropy as an expression of social responsibility; for others it is a marketing tool. At the same time, the legitimisation for philanthropy lays upon its being profit-oriented. Managers acknowledge carrying out their philanthropic contributions ...
ABSTRACT: This article examines the socially responsible offer of savings banks and credit union... more ABSTRACT: This article examines the socially responsible offer of savings banks and credit unions in Spain. In particular, it has been analysed their perceived commitment with socially responsible investments, their product portfolio, their marketing strategy, and their ...
This paper evaluates the contribution of the energy industry (oil, gas and electricity) to the Mi... more This paper evaluates the contribution of the energy industry (oil, gas and electricity) to the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) in three countries (Argentina, Colombia and Mexico). To build this international benchmark, a tool was built (the MDG-Scorecard), by drawing on theoretical frameworks and guides on how businesses can contribute to the MDGs. Results show that companies are making efforts to contribute to the environment, human rights, employment creation and labour rights. However, their effort is close to nil for the Goals with the weakest links with their core business. Findings also suggest that there is no coordinated and consistent strategy to achieve the MDGs either intra-company or inter-companies.
This paper explores the managerial aspects of the relationship with stakeholders, under the assum... more This paper explores the managerial aspects of the relationship with stakeholders, under the assumption that transfer of knowledge is being made from relationship marketing and market orientation perspectives. These marketing tools may prove useful to manage the relationship with other stakeholders, as has been the case with customers. This study focuses on a sample of Spanish companies representing 43% of listed companies with the largest market capitalization. Given that this is the first time that corporate relationship with stakeholders is analyzed in Spain, a qualitative technique (case analysis) was used. The main conclusion of the study is that most of the participant companies have a reactive position vis-à-vis stakeholders management systems. This attitude is reflected in their concern exclusively about ethical indexes managers.
Managing the relationship with nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) is a key capability for most ... more Managing the relationship with nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) is a key capability for most companies, because dialogue with stakeholders is a requested feature of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). This paper analyses the relationship between businesses and NGOs in Spain. By applying grounded theory, the authors summarize this relationship in the dynamics of conflict and cooperation. NGOs' strategies vis-à-vis companies are categorized and the variables explaining different approaches on both companies' and NGOs' side are examined. The paper concludes by placing the private relationship with NGOs in a wider context (the public arena), dominated by the approach-withdrawal dynamics between firms and NGOs. Finally, this paper presents the theory that results from this research.
This paper focuses on one of the strategies proposed in the name of 'fair trade&... more This paper focuses on one of the strategies proposed in the name of 'fair trade': the inclusion of social clauses in trade agreements. Although the social clauses could cover any non‐economic aspect of trade exchanges, such as environment, they are more commonly used ...
This paper analyses one of the business case arguments for social responsibility: that corporate ... more This paper analyses one of the business case arguments for social responsibility: that corporate social responsibility plans are rewarded by consumers. This paper explores the ability of consumers to buy responsibly, identifies the main obstacles for responsible consumption, and suggests conditions for it to work. The review of previous studies leads us to conclude that consuming responsibly is seen as a time consuming activity, economically disadvantageous, and stressful. The main thesis of this paper is that unless market failures are corrected, consumers will not be able to buy responsibly, and therefore, market incentives for CSR are seriously threatened.
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Papers by Carmen Valor
is a lack of studies that examine the determinants of the relationship
between exchanging partners and the role of commitment in
particular. This is especially necessary as P2P exchanges enact a
different type of reciprocity from that of ‘business-to-consumers’.
Thus, exploring P2P exchanges allows a better understanding of
the drivers of commitment and the relationship of commitment
with reciprocity. This qualitative and exploratory study examines
the case of timebanks (TBs). Drawing from 40 in-depth interviews
with TB managers and users along with participant observation,
this study finds that commitment is a complex and multidimensional
construct that may vary drastically depending on the distinct
foci of commitment, the dual roles that users perform (as
providers or as recipients), the type of exchange system and the
notion of reciprocity underlying the exchange system.
is a lack of studies that examine the determinants of the relationship
between exchanging partners and the role of commitment in
particular. This is especially necessary as P2P exchanges enact a
different type of reciprocity from that of ‘business-to-consumers’.
Thus, exploring P2P exchanges allows a better understanding of
the drivers of commitment and the relationship of commitment
with reciprocity. This qualitative and exploratory study examines
the case of timebanks (TBs). Drawing from 40 in-depth interviews
with TB managers and users along with participant observation,
this study finds that commitment is a complex and multidimensional
construct that may vary drastically depending on the distinct
foci of commitment, the dual roles that users perform (as
providers or as recipients), the type of exchange system and the
notion of reciprocity underlying the exchange system.