Junland Anggie Rumahorbo, S.H.

The goal of the 2015 Paris Agreement is as a joint measure to limit global warming to below 2°C above pre-industrial levels and reduce the temperature increase to 1.5°C compared to pre-industrial levels. Strengthening Indonesia's commitment as a state party to the Paris Agreement is interesting to study apart from affirming and acknowledging that climate change due to rising global temperatures is an increasingly serious threat to climate conditions, it also shows the efforts and ambitions that have been, are being and will be carried out by the Indonesian government in achieving targets. which is determined. In this situation, it is necessary to examine environmental issues from various perspectives, especially the point of view of ecofeminism as a neutrality basis. Furthermore, the view of ecofeminism will become a parameter in paying attention to how obligations are regulated towards state parties and also the implementation of the Paris Agreement in Indonesia.
The research in this thesis is normative legal research based on statutory, conceptual and historical approaches. This approach is needed in order to be able to understand something carefully and precisely so that it will be easier to understand the problems related to the existence of the Paris Agreement in the perspective of ecofeminism.
The conclusion in this study is the lack of clarity regarding the absence of an analysis that explains the level of community or gender vulnerability situations. Especially when viewed from the NDC’s Indonesia is still not ambitious and serious both in terms of targets, mitigation and adaptation actions. The contradictions between climate policy and recent policies such as the revision of the Minerals and Coal Enactment and the Job Creation Law and other regulations show that the Indonesian government's climate commitment is not manifested in harmonized cross-sectoral policies. Nonetheless, in the future it is hoped that there will be the involvement of institutions responsible for women's empowerment issues as well as gender experts in the stages of preparation and evaluation of NDC documents both at the central and regional levels.
Keywords : Paris Agreement, Ecofeminism, climate

Pemilu merupakan bentuk implementasi nyata terhadap perwujudan nilai-nilai demokrasi. Artinya negara-negara demokratis melaksanakan pemilu sebagai bentuk bahwa berjalannya sirkulasi elit yang mana pemilihan elit tersebut untuk mengisi posisi presiden, wakil presiden, DPD RI, DPR RI, DPRD kabupaten/kota dipilih langsung oleh rakyat. Yang kemudian menandakan bahwa kedaulatan rakyat sebagai salah satu aspek penting dalam demokrasi terwujud. Kedaulatan rakyat terefleksikan dalam pelaksanaan pemilu yang juga merupakan ajang kompetisi yang paling adil bagi partai politik sebagai dedikasi dan pengabdiannya terhadap rakyat yang telah memilihnya dengan menjalankan fungsi dan tanggungjawab.1 Namun perdebatan demi perdebatan terus menghiasi ruang publik pada sistem proporsional terbuka yang digunakan untuk memilih dalam sistem pemilihan umum (pemilu). Pengajuan kembali ke sistem proporsional tertutup mulai diwacanakan melalui pembahasan revisi UU No. 10 Tahun 2008 tentang Pemilu Legislatif menjadi UU No. 8 Tahun 2012. Namun hal ini tidak tercapai akibat tidak terlalu banyak yang mendukung untuk perubahan kembali ke sistem proporsional tertutup.

Pemilu merupakan bentuk implementasi nyata terhadap perwujudan nilai-nilai demokrasi. Artinya negara-negara demokratis melaksanakan pemilu sebagai bentuk bahwa berjalannya sirkulasi elit yang mana pemilihan elit tersebut untuk mengisi posisi presiden, wakil presiden, DPD RI, DPR RI, DPRD kabupaten/kota dipilih langsung oleh rakyat. Yang kemudian menandakan bahwa kedaulatan rakyat sebagai salah satu aspek penting dalam demokrasi terwujud. Kedaulatan rakyat terefleksikan dalam pelaksanaan pemilu yang juga merupakan ajang kompetisi yang paling adil bagi partai politik sebagai dedikasi dan pengabdiannya terhadap rakyat yang telah memilihnya dengan menjalankan fungsi dan tanggungjawab.1 Namun perdebatan demi perdebatan terus menghiasi ruang publik pada sistem proporsional terbuka yang digunakan untuk memilih dalam sistem pemilihan umum (pemilu). Pengajuan kembali ke sistem proporsional tertutup mulai diwacanakan melalui pembahasan revisi UU No. 10 Tahun 2008 tentang Pemilu Legislatif menjadi UU No. 8 Tahun 2012. Namun hal ini tidak tercapai akibat tidak terlalu banyak yang mendukung untuk perubahan kembali ke sistem proporsional tertutup.

Dalam amandemen UUD 1945 (hingga tahap keempat) telah memberikan kekuasaan pembentukkan UU ke tangan DPR, tetapi tetap memberikan hak kepada pemerintah untuk mengajukan RUU kepada DPR. 2 Adanya perubahan kekuasaan pembentukkan UU ini berimplikasi pada perlunya perubahan paradigma dan penyusunan Prolegnas. Tujuan kebijakan dan pergeseran kekuasaan dalam pembentukkan UU ke tangan DPR didasarkan keinginan untuk menerapkan sistem pemerintahan yang demokratis berdasarkan konsep distribution of power dan tegaknya mekanisme check and balances antar lembaga negara.

As a unitary state, all regional legal products need to be formed in harmony or in accordance with legal products of a higher position (central). The 1945 Constitution stipulates that regional authority to regulate and manage regional affairs is carried out based on the principles of autonomy and assistance duties. Incongruence and unorganized regulations at the central level increase the chances of issuing regional regulations that are also not in line with the laws and regulations above them. Therefore, evaluation of regulations that are deemed to be out of sync should not only be directed at regional legal products that are out of sync, but also at the central government. The problem formulation of this research is: 1. How are the regulations regarding special regional autonomy authority in the unitary state of the Republic of Indonesia? and; 2. How is supervision over the formation of special regional autonomy authority through harmonization, evaluation and facilitation carried out? The research method used is a normative method using a conceptual approach and a statutory regulations approach. The conclusion of this research is that supervision of the formation of regional regulations through harmonization, evaluation and/or facilitation is a preventive supervision whose implementation is carried out by analyzing the suitability or harmony between the Draft Regional Regulations and higher laws and regulations and their preparation techniques. The three of them together carry out analyzes or studies to assess the suitability of the Draft Regional Regulation with higher laws and regulations, both in terms of the substance or material content and in terms of the technical preparation or legal drafting. This can lead to less efficient guidance or supervision carried out in the process of forming regional regulations, especially for draft regional regulations originating from regional governments.

Examining the existing environmental conditions is the goal of this study because it is everyone's duty to maintain and protect it. The descriptive normative research methodology is used in this study. The findings of this study suggest that various complicated challenges relating to sustainable development have become urgent priorities. In order to achieve the ideal environmental circumstances we seek, collaboration among all components of society is required. The existing environmental conditions will not be ideal if it is only carried out by linked elements or institutions. A healthy and good environment is one of the fundamental needs of any age and civilisation, especially the Indonesian people. Article 28H of the Republic of Indonesia's 1945 Constitution ensures that these demands will be met. Exploiting the environment will ultimately lead to sophisticated failures in the approach to managing sustainable development. Implementing sustainable development with an emphasis on environmental management is essentially a preventative step for the creation of environmental circumstances that will not degrade for future generations.

Keywords : Environment, exploitation, development