Naida Ademovic
University of Sarajevo, Civil Engineering, Department Member
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PurposeThis paper aims to develop preliminary damage scenarios for unreinforced masonry buildings located in low to moderate seismic hazard areas in Algeria, taking into account the specific site effects.Design/methodology/approachThree... more
PurposeThis paper aims to develop preliminary damage scenarios for unreinforced masonry buildings located in low to moderate seismic hazard areas in Algeria, taking into account the specific site effects.Design/methodology/approachThree soil types were considered in this analysis according to the definition of the Algerian seismic code (RPA99/2003). Peak ground acceleration values were assigned to each soil type issued from a probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA). To highlight the effect of soil conditions on the seismic vulnerability analysis of masonry buildings, a site vulnerability increment is carried out, and the macroseismic Risk-UE method has been adopted and applied by developing two main seismic scenarios according to both return periods of the PSHA, 100 and 475 years, respectively.FindingsBased on the preliminary results of rock site condition, it can be outlined that the significant damage obtained for different earthquake scenarios discovered a substantial worldw...
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After a long period of no excessive ground shaking in Croatia and the region of ex-Yugoslavia, an earthquake that woke up the entire region was the one that shook Croatia on 22 March 2020. More than 25,000 buildings were severely damaged.... more
After a long period of no excessive ground shaking in Croatia and the region of ex-Yugoslavia, an earthquake that woke up the entire region was the one that shook Croatia on 22 March 2020. More than 25,000 buildings were severely damaged. A process of reconstruction and strengthening of existing damaged buildings is underway. This paper presents proposed strengthening measures to be conducted on a cultural-historical building located in the city of Zagreb, which is under protection and located in zone A. After a detailed visual inspection and on-site experimental investigations, modeling of the existing and strengthened structure was performed in 3Muri. It is an old unreinforced masonry building typical not only for this region but for relevant parts of Europe (north, central, and east). The aim was to strengthen the building to Level 3 while respecting the ICOMOS recommendations and Venice Charter. Some non-completely conservative concessions had to be made, to fully retrofit the b...
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Na vijaduktu Koševo uspostavljena je visinska geodetska mreža posebne namjene. Mjerenja u mreži obavljena su metodom preciznog geometrijskog nivelmana u dvije epohe. Prvu epohu mjerenja čine mjerenja obavljena u zimskim uvjetima, a drugu... more
Na vijaduktu Koševo uspostavljena je visinska geodetska mreža posebne namjene. Mjerenja u mreži obavljena su metodom preciznog geometrijskog nivelmana u dvije epohe. Prvu epohu mjerenja čine mjerenja obavljena u zimskim uvjetima, a drugu epohu u ljetnim uvjetima. Nakon obavljenih mjerenja uslijedila je njihova obrada i izjednačenje mreže, a kao rezultat su dobivene visine karakterističnih točaka na vijaduktu. Razlike nadmorskih visina točaka na vijaduktu, uzevši u obzir standardnu devijaciju obavljenih mjerenja, pokazale su da se visine pojedinih točaka na vijaduktu mijenjaju, a razlike upućuju na moguće pomake prednapete betonske konstrukcije vijadukta Koševo.Special vertical geodetic network was established on the viaduct Koševo. Measurements in the network were performed by using precise geometric leveling in two epochs. Measurements in the first epoch were done in winter conditions, while the second epoch measurements were done in summer conditions. Processing and network adjust...
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The region of South-East Europe is characterized by one of the most complex seismotectonic features in the World. Bosnia and Herzegovina is located in the heart of this region. The world is facing an increasing number of natural disasters... more
The region of South-East Europe is characterized by one of the most complex seismotectonic features in the World. Bosnia and Herzegovina is located in the heart of this region. The world is facing an increasing number of natural disasters among which earthquakes are on the top of the list. After extreme temperatures, it is earthquakes that cause the largest amount of deaths. To obtain an overview of the expected human and economic losses seismic risk assessment methods are used. In this paper, an example of a rapid assessment method is presented with the usage of the new hazard seismic map and its presentation, and census data for Bosnia and Herzegovina. Cities with a high-risk level are identified needing further detailed analysis.
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Abstract Bosnia and Herzegovina is located in the center of the Western Balkans. Until 2018 Bosnia and Herzegovina used the hazard maps based on the macroseismic intensity. The first generation of probabilistic seismic hazard maps of... more
Abstract Bosnia and Herzegovina is located in the center of the Western Balkans. Until 2018 Bosnia and Herzegovina used the hazard maps based on the macroseismic intensity. The first generation of probabilistic seismic hazard maps of Bosnia and Herzegovina is compiled and presented. Two seismotectonic models were created, the areal and linear (fault) together with the earthquake catalogue filtered out from foreshock and aftershock events. Hazard maps were constructed in terms of the peak ground acceleration, and presented in two maps, with an exceedance on average once in 95 or 475 years. The hazard map used for the design of earthquake-resistant buildings (return period of 475 years with a probability of exceedance of 10% in 50 years) is created for the ground type A with the velocity of the seismic wave propagations of vs,30 = 800 m/s. These maps have been accepted as a part of the National Annex in BAS EN 1998–1:2018.
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In order to speed up the formulation of the guidelines for implementation of the performance-based bridge assessment a COST Action TU 1406 was established. The action gathered experts for the scientific field and practitioners that worked... more
In order to speed up the formulation of the guidelines for implementation of the performance-based bridge assessment a COST Action TU 1406 was established. The action gathered experts for the scientific field and practitioners that worked together for four years from 2014 to 2019. One of the main outputs of this Cost Action was the development of the procedure for the Quality Control Plan (QCP) for the road bridges. The starting point for development were results obtained by three working groups (WGs) obtained from a wide-ranging and exhaustive work. The result of the WG1 was a list of applicable Performance Indicators (PI), while WG2 gave clear instructions on Performance Goals (PG). WG3 used these results as the basis for the quality control plan proposal. Incorporating all this information was done by WG4 and a new procedure was developed for the implementation of developed guidelines, done by WG5, for the preparation of the QCP. The idea was to produce a unique method that would...
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In infrastructural networks, bridges can be considered key elements and their functionality must be preserved. Floods (leading to scour erosion) and earthquakes could be considered among the most critical natural events that may become... more
In infrastructural networks, bridges can be considered key elements and their functionality must be preserved. Floods (leading to scour erosion) and earthquakes could be considered among the most critical natural events that may become more frequent with climate change, causing significant damage to bridges. Several regions in Europe have both seismic and scour hazards. The two types of hazards are actually independent as to the generation process but the loss of surrounding soil due to scour may significantly reduce the lateral strength of pile foundations thus increasing the earthquake damage potential. Bridge assessment has thus to take into account the possible increased risk induced by the joint action of the two phenomena. Monitoring systems can be an effective support in bridge assessment procedures providing updated information about the structural state and performance thus allowing both the prompt detection of a possible damage state after an event and also support for lon...
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The importance of infrastructure for economic development of countries and, it opens up the economy to grander, and bigger opportunities. Maintenance should be well-thought-out and be regarded as vital part any infrastructure development... more
The importance of infrastructure for economic development of countries and, it opens up the economy to grander, and bigger opportunities. Maintenance should be well-thought-out and be regarded as vital part any infrastructure development in a country. The main goal of infrastructure maintenance is life sustainability of major assets. The right planning of maintenance is necessary for right moment of investment, as its premature or late implementation will lead to unnecessary costs and it may compromise the asset’s economic life duration. Different management systems developed across Europe leading to different choices and recommendations regarding maintenance actions. In order to overcome this issue a COST Action TU 1406 has proposed a guideline for standardization and development of quality control plans for roadway bridges. As in all management systems the starting points is collection of available data, defining element identification and grouping, recognition of vulnerable zones, damage processes and failure modes. On the basis of the identified damage processes identification and evaluation of performance indicators (PIs) is conducted, followed by the selection and identification of key performance indicators (KPIs), taking into account owners’ demands, and finally creating Quality Control Plans (QCP) scenarios and comparing them by spider diagrams. The recommended procedure is applied on an arch concrete bridge in Czech Republic.
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A significant number of old unreinforced load-bearing masonry (URM) buildings exist in many countries worldwide, but especially in Europe. In particular, Bosnia and Herzegovina has an important stock of masonry buildings constructed from... more
A significant number of old unreinforced load-bearing masonry (URM) buildings exist in many countries worldwide, but especially in Europe. In particular, Bosnia and Herzegovina has an important stock of masonry buildings constructed from the 1920s until the 1960s without application of any seismic code, due to their nonexistence at that time. With the 1963 Skopje earthquake, this class of buildings were shown to be rather vulnerable to seismic actions, which exhibited serious damage. This article assesses the seismic vulnerability of a typical multi-storey residential unreinforced load-bearing masonry building located in the heart of Sarajevo, which may be exposed to an earthquake of magnitude up to 6 by Richter’s scale. The buildings of this kind make up to 6% of the entire housing stock in the urban region of Sarajevo, while in Slovenia this percentage is much higher (around 30%). The analysis of a typical building located in Sarajevo revealed its drawbacks and the need for some k...
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A comparison between the current codes and enforced codes at the time of construction of a real multi-storey reinforced concrete (RC) frame was made. This paper presents qualitative and quantitative differences in the calculation of... more
A comparison between the current codes and enforced codes at the time of construction of a real multi-storey reinforced concrete (RC) frame was made. This paper presents qualitative and quantitative differences in the calculation of reinforced concrete structures according to the Technical Standards for Concrete and Reinforced Concrete (PBAB87) and Eurocode 2 (EC 2). A model of the RC frame was created utilizing SAP2000 software to check the internal forces and moments and the basic dynamic properties of the structure. The value of the fundamental period of the modelled structure, as one of the most important dynamic properties of the structures, was compared with the values calculated according to the equations given in Eurocode 8 (EC 8), but also by other norms and according to several expressions given by the researchers. Large differences in the values of the fundamental period were found and it was from 3.4% up to 60%.
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The buildings of architectural and cultural heritage are mostly built with stone or brick wall elements, which are connected using limestone or limestone cement mortar, without a full knowledge of the mechanical properties of masonry... more
The buildings of architectural and cultural heritage are mostly built with stone or brick wall elements, which are connected using limestone or limestone cement mortar, without a full knowledge of the mechanical properties of masonry structures. The compatibility of heritage masonry buildings with valid technical specifications and the rules for earthquake resistance implies the need for construction work such as repairs, strengthening or reconstruction. By strengthening the masonry buildings, ductility and bearing capacity are increased to a level, which, in the case of the earthquake design, allows for some damage to happen, however the structure retains sufficient usability and bearing capacity without the possibility of collapse. Comparison between traditional and modern techniques for seismic strengthening of masonry buildings is given according to their effects, benefits and disadvantages. Recent Croatian provisions provided for heritage buildings enabling deviation of technic...
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Minarets are slender and tall structures that are built from different types of materials. Modern materials are also starting to be used in such structures with the recent developments in material technology. The seismic vulnerability and... more
Minarets are slender and tall structures that are built from different types of materials. Modern materials are also starting to be used in such structures with the recent developments in material technology. The seismic vulnerability and dynamic behavior of minarets can vary, depending on the material characteristics. Within this study’s scope, thirteen different material types used in minarets in Türkiye were chosen as variables. A sample minaret model was chosen as an example with nine different heights to reveal how material characteristic change affects seismic and dynamic behavior. Information and mechanical characteristics were given for all the material types. Natural fundamental periods, displacements, and base shear forces were attained from structural analyses for each selected material. The empirical period formula for each material is proposed using the obtained periods, depending on the different minaret heights taken into consideration. At the same time, fundamental n...
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The silica fume is obtained by the reduction of high purity quartz by coal in electrolytic furnaces in the production of silicon and ferrosilicon alloys and consists of very fine spherical particles containing at least 85% of amorphous... more
The silica fume is obtained by the reduction of high purity quartz by coal in electrolytic furnaces in the production of silicon and ferrosilicon alloys and consists of very fine spherical particles containing at least 85% of amorphous silicon dioxide. It is used as a mineral additive of type II for production of cement concretes. The paper presents results obtained from an experiment campaign. Influence parameters and their significance in the optimization of the concrete mixture composition prepared with mineral additives and admixtures in terms of the cement amount, water/binder ratio and compaction were analyzed. After obtaining satisfactory results for the usability of the foreseen silica fume, a choice of stone aggregate was conducted with respect to the stability of the concrete mixture and the strength of concrete up to 28 days. In the analysis of the experimental results, it was emphasized that the compaction grade of the concrete mixture is the primer influencer on the formation of the structure of concretes of higher strength.
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ostovi iz osmanskog perioda predstavljaju remek djelo ne samo tadašnjeg graditeljstva nego i današnjice zahvaljujući metodologiji izgradnje. Moderna arhitektura je nezamisliva bez povijesne pozadine. Konstrukcije su među najtrajnijim... more
ostovi iz osmanskog perioda predstavljaju remek djelo ne samo tadašnjeg graditeljstva nego i današnjice zahvaljujući metodologiji izgradnje. Moderna arhitektura je nezamisliva bez povijesne pozadine. Konstrukcije su među najtrajnijim svjedocima povijesti - one pružaju pouzdane informacije o stvaralačkim moćima toga vremena. Utvrđivanje trenutnog stanja konstrukcije i provođenje određenih mjera restauracije je jedini način očuvanja ovih objekata za nadolazeće generacije. Ovdje će se dati osvrt na tri mosta koja su jedinstvena i prepoznatljiva, a nalaze se na značajnim pravcima tj. na mostarskoj džadi i carigradskom drumu. Sva tri mosta bila su izložena sličnim dejstvima, oštećena tijekom vremena, sanirana i rekonstruirana na načine koji će se kasnije pokazati neadekvatnim i koji su na određeni način narušili njihov autentični izgled, a u nekim slučajevima čak i doprinijeli daljnjoj degradaciji. No, zahvaljujući osiguranim financijskim sredstvima vraćeni su u prvobitno stanje - pješač...
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One way to improve a structure’s total load-bearing capacity during an earthquake is to apply fiber-reinforced polymers (FRP) to unreinforced walls. The study discusses the use of FRP to strengthen unreinforced masonry (URM) structures.... more
One way to improve a structure’s total load-bearing capacity during an earthquake is to apply fiber-reinforced polymers (FRP) to unreinforced walls. The study discusses the use of FRP to strengthen unreinforced masonry (URM) structures. Although, many studies were conducted on the FRP strengthening of URM buildings, most of them were experiments to investigate the success of retrofitting approaches, rather than developing a successful design model. A database of 120 FRP-reinforced wall samples was created based on the current literature. Various approaches for calculating the bearing capacity of FRP-reinforced masonry are presented and detailed. The findings of the experiments, which were compiled into a database, were compared to those derived using formulas from the literature and/or building codes, and the model’s limitations are discussed.
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One of the major causes of ecological and environmental problems comes from the enormous number of discarded waste tires, which is directly connected to the exponential growth of the world’s population. In this paper, previous works... more
One of the major causes of ecological and environmental problems comes from the enormous number of discarded waste tires, which is directly connected to the exponential growth of the world’s population. In this paper, previous works carried out on the effects of partial or full replacement of aggregate in concrete with waste rubber on some properties of concrete were investigated. A database containing 457 mixtures with partial or full replacement of natural aggregate with waste rubber in concrete provided by different researchers was formed. This database served as the basis for investigating the influence of partial or full replacement of natural aggregate with waste rubber in concrete on compressive strength. With the aid of the database, the possibility of achieving reliable prediction of the compressive strength of concrete with tire rubber is explored using neural network modelling.
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The European building stock presents pertinent issues needing suitable strategies to be solved. In detail, this regards seismic safety and energy efficiency of buildings to ensure more liveable and safe cities, which represents an... more
The European building stock presents pertinent issues needing suitable strategies to be solved. In detail, this regards seismic safety and energy efficiency of buildings to ensure more liveable and safe cities, which represents an important goal for modern societies. Energy performance includes both comfort and saving, the latter required for a more responsible resource consumption within the building sector, having a considerable contribution to the total demand. Current strategies do not seem to be able to simultaneously solve such aspects satisfactorily, both for higher economic requirements and poor technical feasibility implied by separated and disharmonious interventions. Thus, a holistic perspective should be adopted to pursue such an ambitious objective, which has recently gained increasing attention among researchers. Current requirements are firstly highlighted to show the need for an integrated approach to building retrofit. Secondly, a critical review of integrated strat...
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An extensive work was done by COST TU1406 working groups (WG) 1,2 and 3 for preparing a guidance document for Quality Control Plan (QCP) of road bridges. WG 1, 2 and 3 reports named 'Performance Indicators for Roadway Bridges',... more
An extensive work was done by COST TU1406 working groups (WG) 1,2 and 3 for preparing a guidance document for Quality Control Plan (QCP) of road bridges. WG 1, 2 and 3 reports named 'Performance Indicators for Roadway Bridges', 'Performance Goals for Roadway Bridges' and 'Establishment of a quality control plan' are already published. Based on these documents and the work done to-date, a new procedure for implementing the developed guidelines for the preparation of QCP for roadway bridges was developed by WG4 members in order to unify the method used and to validate the outcomes of the developed QCP. At the first stage, a set of common highway bridge prototypes were identified including girder, frame, arch and truss bridges. A database was created where each participating country has identified local bridges for developing of the case studies. Nine out of sixty bridges where selected for the first stage of preparing an example of QCP and the case study report...
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Conservation of historical centres is a pressing need for Mediterranean countries, that are characterized by masonry aggregates representing the most typical construction type within cities. Masonry clustered buildings were usually... more
Conservation of historical centres is a pressing need for Mediterranean countries, that are characterized by masonry aggregates representing the most typical construction type within cities. Masonry clustered buildings were usually designed without seismic design criteria. Moreover, the current seismic standard codes do not foresee a clear calculation method to predict their non-linear behaviour. For this reason, in this paper, a wide overview on the seismic response of masonry aggregates has been done considering analysis at different levels, from simplified large-scale evaluations to sophisticated non-linear analyses. In the former investigation kind, a vulnerability form appropriately conceived for clustered buildings has been applied to different historical centres with the aim to perform risk analysis considering both empirical approaches and real data deriving from occurred past earthquakes. In the second evaluation type, the macro-elements analysis method has been examined wi...
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This study aims to investigate the capacity of different models to reproduce the nonlinear behavior of reinforced concrete framed structures. To accomplish this goal, a combined experimental and analytical research program was carried out... more
This study aims to investigate the capacity of different models to reproduce the nonlinear behavior of reinforced concrete framed structures. To accomplish this goal, a combined experimental and analytical research program was carried out on a large scaled reinforced concrete frame. Analyses were performed by SAP2000 and compared to experimental and VecTor2 results. Models made in SAP2000 differ in the simulation of the plasticity and the type of the frame elements used to discretize the frame structure. The results obtained allow a better understanding of the characteristics of all numerical models, helping the users to choose the best approach to perform nonlinear analysis.
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The finite element method (FEM) is a numerical method used for solving different problems in engineering field. The starting point being a continuum media of the structure, meaning that the structure is undamaged. However, in order to be... more
The finite element method (FEM) is a numerical method used for solving different problems in engineering field. The starting point being a continuum media of the structure, meaning that the structure is undamaged. However, in order to be able to represent the actual stated of the structure, with all of its defects and cracks, it is necessary to incorporate these anomalies. This all with the aim that the model is a good representative of the real structure. This paper gives and overview of several numerical approached in the modelling of discontinuities on the masonry structures.
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Standard non destructive static and dynamic testing of bridges after their reconstruction serves as indicators regarding the capacity of the structure and their durability. Several steel concrete composite girder bridges were investigated... more
Standard non destructive static and dynamic testing of bridges after their reconstruction serves as indicators regarding the capacity of the structure and their durability. Several steel concrete composite girder bridges were investigated and compared. Measurement from the static tests were used to make some correlation between the stiffness of the structure and dynamic properties. From the investigations it was clear that different truck weight has a direct influence of the dynamic characteristics, requiring a standardization of testing vehicle. Temperature influence was more than indicative.