ABSTRACT The experimental results of four full-scale confined masonry (CM) walls subjected to cyc... more ABSTRACT The experimental results of four full-scale confined masonry (CM) walls subjected to cycling loading are presented. These structural elements are widely used in low- and mid-rise buildings in Peru to take the vertical and lateral loads. The objective of these experiments was to evaluate the cyclic behavior of CM walls constructed with handmade bricks and lime mortar. The brick units used in the walls were made of clay, and they were considered to be solid components. In the experiment, the dimensions of all the walls were kept constant in all specimens, but the reinforcement ratios of the confining elements (bond beam and tie-columns) were changed. The structural behaviors were examined in terms of the strength, lateral stiffness, dissipated energy, and equivalent viscous damping. Finally, an equivalent macro-model based on an equivalent strut approach with a smooth hysteretic model was calibrated and validated in order to reproduce the behaviors of the CM walls. For this purpose, we used a genetic algorithm (GA) that considered the experimental results of a CM wall. The parameters were applied to the results of the other CM walls to evaluate their applicability. The results of numerical simulations showed good agreement with the experimental results.
The building of Lima's cathedral started in 1535, with the Spanish foundation of the city. S... more The building of Lima's cathedral started in 1535, with the Spanish foundation of the city. Since then, the structure has experienced at least sixteen major earthquakes and has been reconstructed several times. Some of these reconstructions introduced important structural changes, particularly after the 1746 earthquake, which have reduced its seismic vulnerability, but not completely solved all structural deficiencies. The Cathedral has an area of 5020m2. It has three central naves 21m high and two lower lateral naves, corresponding to the chapels. Thick masonry walls and 14 central wood framed pillars support the roof wood structure. The cathedral has two masonry towers with a height of 45m. The total weight of the structure is about 30,400 metric tons. This paper presents results of the earthquake response analysis of this building carried out within a vulnerability study made at the Japan-Perú Earthquake Engineering and Disaster Mitigation Center (CISMID). The most vulnerable...
ABSTRACT The experimental results of seven full-scale thin RC shear walls subjected to cycling lo... more ABSTRACT The experimental results of seven full-scale thin RC shear walls subjected to cycling loading are presented. The objective of these experiments is to evaluate the use of electro-welded wire mesh as the main reinforcement instead of a conventional reinforcement. Six walls are equipped with the electro-welded wire mesh, which is made of a non-ductile material, and one wall is reinforced with conventional bars, which are made of a ductile material. A single layer of main reinforcement is used in both directions. The edges of all walls are reinforced with conventional bars. These walls are widely used in low- and mid-rise buildings in central Peru, especially in Lima City. The structural behaviors are examined in terms of strength, stiffness, dissipated energy, and equivalent viscous damping. Finally, the “Three-parameter Park hysteretic model” is calibrated in order to reproduce the behaviors of the thin walls reinforced with the conventional reinforcement and electro welded-wire mesh. The parameters are applied to the results of the other walls reinforced by the electro-welded wire mesh. The results of numerical simulations are in good agreement with experimental results.
ABSTRACT The experimental results of four full-scale confined masonry (CM) walls subjected to cyc... more ABSTRACT The experimental results of four full-scale confined masonry (CM) walls subjected to cycling loading are presented. These structural elements are widely used in low- and mid-rise buildings in Peru to take the vertical and lateral loads. The objective of these experiments was to evaluate the cyclic behavior of CM walls constructed with handmade bricks and lime mortar. The brick units used in the walls were made of clay, and they were considered to be solid components. In the experiment, the dimensions of all the walls were kept constant in all specimens, but the reinforcement ratios of the confining elements (bond beam and tie-columns) were changed. The structural behaviors were examined in terms of the strength, lateral stiffness, dissipated energy, and equivalent viscous damping. Finally, an equivalent macro-model based on an equivalent strut approach with a smooth hysteretic model was calibrated and validated in order to reproduce the behaviors of the CM walls. For this purpose, we used a genetic algorithm (GA) that considered the experimental results of a CM wall. The parameters were applied to the results of the other CM walls to evaluate their applicability. The results of numerical simulations showed good agreement with the experimental results.
The building of Lima's cathedral started in 1535, with the Spanish foundation of the city. S... more The building of Lima's cathedral started in 1535, with the Spanish foundation of the city. Since then, the structure has experienced at least sixteen major earthquakes and has been reconstructed several times. Some of these reconstructions introduced important structural changes, particularly after the 1746 earthquake, which have reduced its seismic vulnerability, but not completely solved all structural deficiencies. The Cathedral has an area of 5020m2. It has three central naves 21m high and two lower lateral naves, corresponding to the chapels. Thick masonry walls and 14 central wood framed pillars support the roof wood structure. The cathedral has two masonry towers with a height of 45m. The total weight of the structure is about 30,400 metric tons. This paper presents results of the earthquake response analysis of this building carried out within a vulnerability study made at the Japan-Perú Earthquake Engineering and Disaster Mitigation Center (CISMID). The most vulnerable...
ABSTRACT The experimental results of seven full-scale thin RC shear walls subjected to cycling lo... more ABSTRACT The experimental results of seven full-scale thin RC shear walls subjected to cycling loading are presented. The objective of these experiments is to evaluate the use of electro-welded wire mesh as the main reinforcement instead of a conventional reinforcement. Six walls are equipped with the electro-welded wire mesh, which is made of a non-ductile material, and one wall is reinforced with conventional bars, which are made of a ductile material. A single layer of main reinforcement is used in both directions. The edges of all walls are reinforced with conventional bars. These walls are widely used in low- and mid-rise buildings in central Peru, especially in Lima City. The structural behaviors are examined in terms of strength, stiffness, dissipated energy, and equivalent viscous damping. Finally, the “Three-parameter Park hysteretic model” is calibrated in order to reproduce the behaviors of the thin walls reinforced with the conventional reinforcement and electro welded-wire mesh. The parameters are applied to the results of the other walls reinforced by the electro-welded wire mesh. The results of numerical simulations are in good agreement with experimental results.
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Papers by Luis Quiroz