Peter Becker

ZusammenfassungDer Reisepass in seiner heutigen Form entstand in den 1920er Jahren in einem Aushandelungsprozess, der vom Völkerbund moderiert wurde. Am Ende standen ein standardisiertes Formular und einheitliche Grundregeln für die Ausstellung und Kontrolle von Reiselegitimationen. Dieser Standard legte Aussehen, aber auch die Materialität des Einheitspasses fest: das Format, die Anzahl der Blätter, die Verbindung zwischen den Blättern, Verwendung von perforiertem Papier zum Verhindern von Fälschungen. Der Einheitspass ist ein besonderes Formular, weil er eine medientechnische Lösung für Verwaltungs - und Kommunikationsprobleme von Staaten mit unterschiedlicher Rechts- und Verwaltungskultur bieten sollte. Die Gestaltung des Formulars war deshalb heftig umstritten. Das Fehlen von ausreichendem Raum für die Eintragung eines Namens oder Berufs konnte staatliche Interessen ebenso gefährden, wie die Gewährung von Zugang zum Territorium für politisch unliebsame Personen.

The change in the representation of deviance, which took place during the second half of the 19th century, is analyzed in the writings of two groups of authors from German-speaking countries: criminalists (police experts and detectives) and criminologists (scholars in the fields of law, medicine and anthropology). My analysis of the representation of prostitutes reconstructs two master-narratives, which structured the reflection and writing on crime and deviance. Each of these crafted specific fears and anxieties related to prostitutes and affected the ways institutional responses to these fears were organized. I argue that the analysis of these narratives as part of a discursive practice provides a better understanding of the ways in which experts as well as lay people approached social problems, from both an intellectual and an institutional standpoint.

The change in the representation of deviance, which took place during the second half of the 19th century, is analyzed in the writings of two groups of authors from German-speaking countries: criminalists (police experts and detectives) and criminologists (scholars in the fields of law, medicine and anthropology). My analysis of the representation of prostitutes reconstructs two master-narratives, which structured the reflection and writing on crime and deviance. Each of these crafted specific fears and anxieties related to prostitutes and affected the ways institutional responses to these fears were organized. I argue that the analysis of these narratives as part of a discursive practice provides a better understanding of the ways in which experts as well as lay people approached social problems, from both an intellectual and an institutional standpoint.