Solange Chavel
Université de Poitiers, Philosophie, Faculty Member
- PhD in philosophy (2009), I'm associate professor in Poitiers University, France and consultant for SIRIS Academic. ... morePhD in philosophy (2009), I'm associate professor in Poitiers University, France and consultant for SIRIS Academic.
My current research focuses on normative issues related to migration and borders in a pluri-disciplinary perspective.edit
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L’objectif de la présente contribution est de croiser l’apport de deux types de travaux : (1) les travaux sur les migrations qui reposent sur la critique épistémologique du nationalisme méthodologique d’une part, (2) les travaux... more
L’objectif de la présente contribution est de croiser l’apport de deux types de travaux : (1) les travaux sur les migrations qui reposent sur la critique épistémologique du nationalisme méthodologique d’une part, (2) les travaux appartenant au paradigme du mobility turn d’autre part. L’enjeu est de montrer que, selon qu’on adopte le vocabulaire des « migrations » ou celui de la « mobilité », la formulation des problèmes normatifs varie de façon importante. Ce faisant, la critique du nationalisme méthodologique invite à délaisser les migrations studies pour raisonner dans le cadre des mobilities studies, et penser autrement la répartition des droits et bénéfices habituellement associés à la citoyenneté nationale.
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This paper aims to apply the paradigm of human security to issues of migratory justice. A current way of phrasing dilemmas raised by international migration is to see them as a conflict of duties towards different kinds of vulnerable... more
This paper aims to apply the paradigm of human security to issues of migratory justice. A current way of phrasing dilemmas raised by international migration is to see them as a conflict of duties towards different kinds of vulnerable populations: foreigners and fellow citizens. This paper aims to show that this intuitive distinction is misleading if we want to imagine a justice in migratory and mobility issues. This paper will thus test the validity of another way of framing the question, which rests on a double conceptual shift: (a) from the discourse of rights to the discourse of human security, linked to the concepts of vulnerability on the one hand, capabilities on the other; (b) from the discourse of migration to the discourse of mobility.
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Migration, whether legal or illegal, is a burning political issue for contemporary Europe. It raises a conflict between moral intuitions, bent towards hospitality, and political motivations, often concerned with control. Several recent... more
Migration, whether legal or illegal, is a burning political issue for contemporary Europe. It raises a conflict between moral intuitions, bent towards hospitality, and political motivations, often concerned with control. Several recent creations of contemporary European cinema reflect this uneasiness. In order to study the idea that cinema can provide "life lessons", this paper compares Kaurismäki's Le Havre and Fatih Akin's Auf der anderen Seite. These two films are indeed paradigmatic of two very different uses of cinema, whether the point of view taken is the citizen's, or the migrant's. Whereas Le Havre deals with the conflicted images of the assaulted fortress and the hospitable haven for those in need, Fatih Akin reframes radically the terms of the problem.
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Many contemporary anglophone philosophers assign imagination an important role in moral reasoning. Relying on various historical sources as well as on recent developments in the psychology of empathy, their aim is to enlarge our... more
Many contemporary anglophone philosophers assign imagination an important role in moral reasoning. Relying on various historical sources as well as on recent developments in the psychology of empathy, their aim is to enlarge our conception of moral rationality and of what counts legitimately as an argument. This paper focuses on two fundamental uses of imagination: putting oneself in someone else’s shoes, and imagining future scenarios. While underlining the importance of the notion of moral imagination, it highlights its epistemological and moral limits: because it is a demanding, time-consuming and always fallible process, imagination allows us to understand why narration and fiction are authentic moral resources and why they are limited in scope.
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For Martha Nussbaum, as well as for Cavell or Murdoch, moral philosophy reliesheavily on detailed analysis of literary texts. This paper shows that this use of literaturein ethics, far from being only illustrative, is consistent with a... more
For Martha Nussbaum, as well as for Cavell or Murdoch, moral philosophy reliesheavily on detailed analysis of literary texts. This paper shows that this use of literaturein ethics, far from being only illustrative, is consistent with a set of substantialthesis on the nature of moral thought and on the method appropriate for moral philosophy.Nussbaum considers that some literary texts are instances of moral philosophybecause she sees the individuality of beings and things, as well as conflicts, as crucialelements in ethics, and also because she attributes to emotions a cognitive aspect.These characteristics shed some light on some particularities of her own style, suchas a remarkable use of the first person.
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Le « nationalisme méthodologique » consiste à étudier les processus et les acteurs sociaux en considérant les frontières nationales comme l'échelle significative d'analyse. La critique du nationalisme méthodologique a initialement visé la... more
Le « nationalisme méthodologique » consiste à étudier les processus et les acteurs sociaux en considérant les frontières nationales comme l'échelle significative d'analyse. La critique du nationalisme méthodologique a initialement visé la sociologie (Martins, 1974), puis l'ensemble des sciences sociales, avant de se tourner, au début des années 2000, vers les études de la migration (Wimmer & Glick Schiller, 2002). Parce qu'elle remet en question la pertinence des frontières de l'Etat-nation comme unité privilégiée d'analyse, cette critique touche à l'objet même des études de la migration, les migrants étant habituellement définis comme des personnes nées étrangères à l'étranger et résidant dans un pays dont elles ont traversé la frontière. La question de savoir comment définir les migrants et étudier la traversée des frontières sans nationalisme méthodologique est une question émergente dans les études de la migration (Amelina et al. 2012).
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Mets-toi donc à sa place ! Ce livre est un effort pour décrire cet aspect particulier de nos vies morales, qui tient à notre usage de la perception et de l’imagination. À travers un parcours de la philosophie contemporaine de langue... more
Mets-toi donc à sa place ! Ce livre est un effort pour décrire cet aspect particulier de nos vies morales, qui tient à notre usage de la perception et de l’imagination. À travers un parcours de la philosophie contemporaine de langue anglaise (Murdoch, Diamond, Nussbaum), mais en s’appuyant également sur les travaux récents de la psychologie de l’empathie et des exemples de fiction littéraire, cet ouvrage affirme que c’est seulement par l’effort imaginatif pour nous mettre à la place d’autrui que nous pouvons accéder à un jugement moral digne de ce nom.
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A seminar organised at the Philharmonie de Paris in February 2022 about youth orchestras with social purposes
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The objective of the workshop is to contribute to a better understanding of bordering processes in a long-term perspective and at different institutional and geographical scales, through the exploration of a trans-disciplinary modelling... more
The objective of the workshop is to contribute to a better understanding of bordering processes in a long-term perspective and at different institutional and geographical scales, through the exploration of a trans-disciplinary modelling approach and the proposal of a common ontology.
The methodology of the workshop consists in combining: a) specific case studies, from social sciences, chosen with the aim of covering a broad variety of borders types; b) tools to elaborate an ontology of borders, relying both on classical conceptual analysis (philosophy) and semantic modelling (knowledge engineering & representation). The aim of the workshop is to pave the way for further transdisciplinary work.
The methodology of the workshop consists in combining: a) specific case studies, from social sciences, chosen with the aim of covering a broad variety of borders types; b) tools to elaborate an ontology of borders, relying both on classical conceptual analysis (philosophy) and semantic modelling (knowledge engineering & representation). The aim of the workshop is to pave the way for further transdisciplinary work.